© 2008The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

ChapterChapter 6 6

Values, Attitudes, Job Satisfaction,

and Counterproductive

Work Behaviors

Copyright © 2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin

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Ch. 6 Learning Objectives

1. Explain Schwartz’s value theory and describe three types of value conflict.

2. Describe the values model of work/family conflict, and specify at least three practical lessons from work/family conflict research.

3. Identify the three components of attitudes and discuss cognitive dissonance.

4. Explain how attitudes affect behavior in terms of Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior.

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Ch. 6 Learning Objectives

5. Describe the model of organizational commitment.6. Define the work attitudes of job

involvement/employee engagement and job satisfaction.

7. Identify and briefly describe five alternative causes of job satisfaction.

8. Identify eight important correlates/consequences of job satisfaction, and summarize how each one relates to job satisfaction.

9. Identify the causes of counterproductive work behavior and measures to prevent it.

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Your ExperienceWhat was the primary reason you’ve ever quit a job?

a. Didn’t like my bossb. I wasn’t a fit with the company culturec. Better pay somewhere elsed. More interesting or challenging work

somewhere elsee. I’ve never quit a jobf. Other

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Schwartz’s Value Theory

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Schwartz’s Value Theory

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Value ConflictsIntrapersonal Value Conflict

Interpersonal Value Conflict

Individual-Organizational

Value Conflict

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Test Your KnowledgeMatch the types of conflicts with the descriptions below1. Intrapersonal Value Conflict2. Interpersonal Value Conflict3. Individual-Organization Value Conflict

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A.A. I want to be healthy by exercising regularly; I want I want to be healthy by exercising regularly; I want to advance my career by working hard and be to advance my career by working hard and be involved in my children’s life.involved in my children’s life.

B.B. I want to be healthy; My organization values I want to be healthy; My organization values smoking.smoking.

C.C. I want to be honest by reporting company financials I want to be honest by reporting company financials accurately; My coworker values a bonus that would accurately; My coworker values a bonus that would come from reporting booked income early.come from reporting booked income early.

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A Values Model of Work/Family Conflict

Job and Life

Satisfaction

General Life

Values

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Test Your KnowledgeTrue or False?1. Having lots of specific family-friendly

programs is more important than having a family-friendly culture

2. Work flexibility in terms of when, where and how employees get their jobs done is essential for work/life balance.

3. Managers perceived as having higher work-life balance were rated less promotable.

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AttitudesAttitude is defined as “a learned predisposition to respond in a consistently favorable or unfavorable manner with respect to a given object”How do attitudes affect our behavior?

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Attitudes

Three components of an attitude•Affective: feelings or emotions about an object

•Behavioral: how one intends to act toward someone or something

•Cognitive: beliefs or ideas one has about an object

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Test Your KnowledgeWhich attitude component is depicted by each of these statements?

A=Affective, B=Behavioral, or C=Cognitivea. “I like going to work.”b. “Working allows me to afford what I

need and want.”c. “I intend to quit my job.”d. “Working with my coworkers is

frustrating.”e. “I believe working helps contribute to

society.”

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Cognitive DissonanceCognitive Dissonance•Psychological

discomfort experienced when attitudes and behavior are inconsistent

•How can you reduce cognitive dissonance?

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Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior

Attitude toward thebehavior

Subjectivenorm

Perceived behavioral

control

Intention Behavior

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Timeline of Work Values and Attitudes

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Work AttitudesOrganizational Commitment extent to which an individual identifies with an organization and its goals

Why does organizational commitment matter?

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Model of Organizational Commitment

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Test Your KnowledgeDylan is independently wealthy but works very hard at his job. He believes in the values of the company and enjoys devoting time to accomplishing the company goals. Dylan most likely has _________.a. Affective commitmentb. Normative commitmentc. Continuance commitment

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Work Attitudes

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Work Attitudes

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Causes of Job Satisfaction

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Correlates of Job Satisfaction