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© 2006 Population Reference Bureau
9
24
38
53
60
1960 1970 1980 1990 Late 1990s
Rising Family Planning Use, Developing Countries
Married Women 15 to 49 Using Any MethodPercent
Source: Population Reference Bureau, Family Planning Worldwide 2002 Data Sheet.
© 2006 Population Reference Bureau
Average number of children per woman
4.9
6.8
5.7 5.6
2.42.7
5
2.5 2.6
1.6
World Africa Asia Latin Americaand the
Caribbean
More DevelopedCountries
1965-1970 2000-2005
Trends in Childbearing, by Region
Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision, 2005.
© 2006 Population Reference Bureau
• Every region has been experiencing declines in levels of childbearing. The greatest declines since the late 1960s have occurred in Asia and in Latin America and the Caribbean. However, at the beginning of this century, only the more developed regions have childbearing levels below the replacement level of 2.1, the level required for population to eventually stop growing and stabilize at a given size.• Women in Africa have the highest number of children: on average, about five children each, compared with nearly seven children 30 years ago. • Women in more developed countries have the fewest children, with an average birth rate of 1.6 now compared with 2.4 in the late 1960s. This low level of childbearing, combined with an older population, accounts for population declines in many European countries.
Notes on Trends in Childbearing, by Region
© 2006 Population Reference Bureau
Use of Modern Contraception
Married Women 15 to 49 Using Modern MethodsPercent
19
40
5158
53
World MoreDevelopedCountries
LessDevelopedCountries
LessDevelopedCountries(excluding
China)
49 LeastDevelopedCountries
Note: More developed regions, according to the United Nations Population Division, include Australia, New Zealand, Europe, North America, and Japan. Less developed regions include Africa, Asia (excluding Japan), and Latin America and the Caribbean; the UN designates 49 countries within these regions as least developed.Source: Population Reference Bureau, 2004 World Population Data Sheet; figure for least developed countries based on PRB calculations.
© 2006 Population Reference Bureau
Modern Contraceptive Use, Developing Countries
Married Women 15 to 49 Using Modern Methods, Late 1990s, Early 2000sPercent
4
8
20
32
33
43
47
49
57
57
59
64
70
Congo, Dem. Republic of
Nigeria
Pakistan
Kenya
Philippines
India*
Bangladesh
Russia*
Egypt
Indonesia*
Mexico*
Vietnam
Brazil*
* Data prior to 1999.Source: Population Reference Bureau, 2005 World Population Data Sheet.
© 2006 Population Reference Bureau
Family Planning Methods, Worldwide
Pill8%IUD
14%
Injectable or Implant
3%
Male Condom5%
Female Sterilization
21%
Not Using39%
Other Modern Methods
1%
Traditional Methods
7%Male Sterilization
3%
Note: Total exceeds 100 due to rounding.Source: United Nations Population Division, World Contraceptive Use 2005..
Married or In-Union Women of Reproductive Age Using Family Planning, 1999
© 2006 Population Reference Bureau
Family Planning Methods, Developed Countries
Other4%Traditional
Methods13%
Male Sterilization
5%
Female Sterilization
9%
Condom14%
IUD8%
Pill16%
Not Using a Method
31%
Source: United Nations Population Division, World Contraceptive Use 2005..
Married or In-Union Women of Reproductive Age Using Family Planning, 1996
© 2006 Population Reference Bureau
Family Planning Methods, Developing Countries
Married or In-Union Women of Reproductive Age Using Family Planning, 1999
Female Sterilization
22%
Pill6%
Injectable or Implant
4%
Male Condom3%
IUD15%
Traditional Methods
6%
Other<1%Male
Sterilization3%
Not Usinga Method
41%
Note: Total exceeds 100 due to rounding.Source: United Nations Population Division, World Contraceptive Use 2005.
© 2006 Population Reference Bureau
Family Planning Methods, Sub-Saharan Africa
Any Method
19%
No Method
82%
Married Women 15 to 49 Using Family Planning, Late 1990s
Rhythm16%
Female Sterilization
11%
Withdrawal5%
Other Traditional
11%
IUD5%
Condom5% Other
Modern5%
Injectables21%
Pill21%
Source: Population Reference Bureau, Family Planning Worldwide 2002 Data Sheet.
Note: Total exceeds 100 percent due to rounding.
© 2006 Population Reference Bureau
11
6
5
18
20
34
29
25
23
17
11
Ghana 2003
Burkina Faso 2003
Kenya 2003
Bolivia 2003
Cameroon 2004
Mozambique 2003
Philippines 2003
Bangladesh 2004
Jordan 2002
Columbia 2005
Vietnam 2002
Unmet Need for Family Planning
Married Women 15 to 49 Not Using Family PlanningPercent
Source: DHS STATcompiler: accessed online at www.measuredhs.com/statcompiler on June 8, 2006.
© 2006 Population Reference Bureau
498 498
117
107
2000 2015
Current Users Users due to population growth Users due to demand increase
Projected Rise in Number of Contraceptive Users
Married or In Union Women 15 to 49 in Developing Countries Who Use ContraceptionMillions
Source: PRB estimate based on data from the UN’s World Population Prospects: The 2002 Revision (medium scenario); the UN’s World Contraceptive Use 2003; and PRB’s 2004 World Population Data Sheet.
722
© 2006 Population Reference Bureau
Notes on Projected Rise in Number of Contraceptive Users
• The number of contraceptive users is projected to increase more than 40 percent by 2015, due to both population growth and increased demand for family planning.
© 2006 Population Reference Bureau
Donor Support for Contraceptives and Estimated CostsMillions of US$
Contraceptive Costs, Developing Countries
13211268
12161164
11141064
1014966
920875830
807791773754
919904888873857841
824
203209
176218
1330
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: UNFPA, Donor Support for Contraceptives and Condoms for STI/HIV Prevention 2004.
Total Estimated Contraceptive Costs(including condoms)
Total Estimated Contraceptive Costs
Actual Donor Support
© 2006 Population Reference Bureau
Notes on Contraceptive Costs, Developing Countries
• Although some developing countries can cover their own contraceptive costs, most lack the foreign exchange and manufacturing capacity to meet their own needs without some assistance from donors.
© 2006 Population Reference Bureau
2223
50
45
11
36
50
60
49
38
Bangladesh2004
Egypt 2005
Bolivia 2003
Malawi 2004
Tanzania2004/2005
Poorest Fifth Richest Fifth
Disparities Within Countries in Contraceptive Use
Married Women 15 to 49 Using a Modern Method, by Wealth CategoryPercent
Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys.
© 2006 Population Reference Bureau
Notes on Disparities Within Countries in Contraceptive Use
• Recent research highlights the enormous differences in range of demographic variables between the richest and poorest members of society. For example, among the poorest women in Tanzania, only 11 percent use contraception, while 36 percent of the wealthiest do. Family planning programs face ongoing challenges to meet the needs of countries’ poorest citizens.
© 2006 Population Reference Bureau
Contraceptive Prevalence and Total Fertility Rate
21
58
62
58 MDR*
LAC**
Asia
Africa 5.1
2.5
2.6
1.6
Percent of married women 15 to 49 using contraception
Average number of children per woman
Contraceptive Use and Childbearing
* MDR=More Developed Regions; ** LAC=Latin America and the Caribbean. Source: Population Reference Bureau, 2005 World Population Data Sheet.
© 2006 Population Reference Bureau
• Higher levels of contraceptive use are associated with lower levels of childbearing. • In Africa, where a small proportion of married women of childbearing age use contraception (21 percent), on average women have more than five children each.• In contrast, in more developed regions, where a much greater percentage of married women of childbearing age use contraception (58 percent), women have fewer than two children on average.
Notes on Contraceptive Use and Childbearing
© 2006 Population Reference Bureau
Contraceptive Prevalence and Total Fertility Rate
8
20
43
47
68
86
5.9
4.8
3.0
3.0
2.0
1.6
Percent of married women 15 to 49 using contraception
Average number of children per woman
Contraception and Childbearing, Populous Countries
Source: Population Reference Bureau, 2005 World Population Data Sheet.
China
Nigeria
Pakistan
Bangladesh
India
United States
© 2006 Population Reference Bureau
Infant Mortality Rate and Total Fertility Rate
6
27
51
88 Africa
Asia
LAC*
MDR** 1.6
2.6
2.5
5.1
Annual deaths to infants under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Average number of children per woman
Infant Mortality and Childbearing, by Region
* LAC=Latin America and the Caribbean; ** MDR=More Developed Regions. Source: Population Reference Bureau, 2005 World Population Data Sheet.
© 2006 Population Reference Bureau
• High infant mortality may be both a cause and an effect of high levels of childbearing.• In Africa, where infant mortality is high (88 infants die per 1,000 live births), on average women have over five children each.• In contrast, in more developed regions, where infant mortality is low (6 infants die per 1,000 live births), women have fewer than two children on average.
Notes on Infant Mortality and Childbearing, by Region
© 2006 Population Reference Bureau
Wanted Births, Worldwide
Not Wanted11%
Wanted Later16%
Wanted73%
Recent Births, by Mother’s Attitude, Late 1990s
Note: Estimates based on approximately 60 percent of births worldwide.Source: Population Reference Bureau, Family Planning Worldwide 2002 Data Sheet.
© 2006 Population Reference Bureau
Unintended Births
Births Reported by Women as Either Unwanted or Wanted LaterPercent
54
30
44
16
45
22
Cameroon2004
Kenya 2003
Madagascar2003/2004
Philippines2003
Morocco2003/2004
Columbia2005
Source: DHS STATcompiler: accessed online at www.measuredhs.com/statcompiler on June 14, 2006.
© 2006 Population Reference Bureau
Pregnancy Outcomes Worldwide
Miscarriages and Stillbirths
15%
Induced Abortions
22%Live Births
63%
Abortions as a Share of Pregnancy Outcomes, Estimates for 1999
Note: The percentages are based on a 1996 UN projection of 210 million pregnancies for 1999.Source: Alan Guttmacher Institute, Sharing Responsibility: Women, Society, and Abortion Worldwide, 1999.