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CHAPTER 9

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.

1. What do the five main religions studied in Chapters 9 & 10 share in common?

A. The revelation of the Four Noble Truths

B. Growing from religious experiences of their founders

C. Focusing on scientifically proven ideas

D. The revelation of divine law at Mt. Sinai

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CORRECT ANSWER = B

A. This is only the case for Buddhism

C. They all focus on miracles which depend on faith instead of proof

D. This is true only for Jews, but not Hindus or Buddhists

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2. Under what rubric might the keeping of holy relics and pilgrimage observances fall?

A. Sanctification of language

B. Sanctification of space

C. Sanctification of time

D. Sanctification of cultural creativity

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CORRECT ANSWER = B

A. This has to do with sacred texts (Q’uran; Vedas, etc)

C. This relates to festivals and holy days

D. This has to do with artistic/musical workmanship

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3. How did Hinduism originate?

A. As a byproduct of Aryan invasions

B. Among the “tribal” peoples

C. As an amalgam of beliefs and practices

D. As an import from China

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CORRECT ANSWER = C

A. This used to be believed, but the archaeological record is proving otherwise

B. “Tribals” were long independent and resistant to Hinduism

D. It has been otherwise, China has imported religious beliefs from India

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4. What, in terms of sacred geography, might be accurately stated about Hinduism?

A. The focus of religious activity centers in southern India

B. Sacred sites are concentrated along the Ganges River

C. Hinduism is closely identified with all of India itself

D. It is centralized and discourages local shrines and temples

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CORRECT ANSWER = C

A. Though shrines are located there, the south does not receive exclusive focus

B. Again, this geographical area does not monopolize religious activity

D. Local shrines and temples flourish

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5. How does the Rigveda possess a distinctive place within the Hindu religion?

A. By being the only early Sanskrit religious text available

B. Introducing the mythic origin and rationale for the caste system

C. Depicting a crude form of early democracy among the Aryan tribes

D. Offering conclusive answers to life’s mysteries

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CORRECT ANSWER = B

A. There are other such books, collectively called Vedas

C. There were always upper castes that were privileged over lower orders

D. It does not pretend to do so

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6. What was a likely economic rationale for the acceptance of the caste system?

A. A combination of warriors and merchants against the priests

B. Saving on food costs by prohibiting meat consumption

C. Desire to move up economically

D. Sacrificing upward mobility in exchange for assurance of not falling lower

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CORRECT ANSWER = D

A. The warriors collaborated with the priests

B. The warrior caste was allowed to eat meat

C. The caste system locked you in to prevent this

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7. The Upanishads lay down the fundamental Hindu concepts, with the exception of:

A. Codification of the behavioral norms for each caste

B. The set of religious and ethical duties each living creature must observe

C. Reincarnation with the purpose of uniting with the universal Brahman

D. The concept of life cycle

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CORRECT ANSWER = A

A. This is found in the Law of Manu

B. This is the concept of Dharma

C. This concept is called Samsara

D. The Upanishads set a different set of duties for each stage of one’s life

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8. What is the concept of Bahkti, as set forth in the Bhagavad-Gita?

A. The universal female force

B. Each creature’s prescribed set of activities and how they effect its atman

C. A revolt against formality and priesthood within the Hindu religion

D. The union of atman and Brahman

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CORRECT ANSWER = C

A. This is the concept of shakti

B. This is the concept of karma

D. This is the concept of moksha

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9. What did the founder of Buddhism believe that he had found upon reaching enlightenment?

A. A rationale justifying the caste system

B. That pain was an integral part of life

C. That aging was an inevitable part of the human experience

D. An antidote to pain and suffering

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CORRECT ANSWER = D

A. He rejected the caste system

B. & C. He had previously discovered these facts

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10. What group/individual engendered the greatest opposition to Buddhism?

A. The kshatriya caste

B. The Brahmin priesthood

C. The vaishya businessmen

D. The kings of Magadah and Koshala

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CORRECT ANSWER = B

A. & C. Members of these castes felt that the Hindu Brahmins did not respect them

D. These rulers were among the Buddha’s first supporters

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11. Who was close to attaining Nirvana but who postponed it in order to help others advance towards it?

A. Caitya

B. Sangha

C. Bodhisattva

D. Metta

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CORRECT ANSWER = C

A. This is a Buddhist shrine

B. This is a Buddhist order of monks

D. This concept denotes “benevolence”

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12. How, primarily, does Mahayana Buddhism differ from the Theravada variety?

A. Belief in the transfer of religious merit from one individual to another

B. In its use of the Pali language rather than Sanskrit

C. Belief in the Four Noble Truths

D. Belief in the Sangha

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CORRECT ANSWER = A

A. It was Mahayana Buddhism that employed Sanskrit

B. & C. These were beliefs held by both branches of Buddhism

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13. When confronted by invading Muslims, why did Hinduism survive, and not Buddhism?

A. Buddhism was relatively decentralized

B. There was a lesser scope for women to play a role in supporting Hinduism

C. Buddhism itself was totally excluded from the Hindu system of worship

D. Hinduism was more broadly-based and rooted in the Indian culture

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CORRECT ANSWER = D

A. Buddhism was centralized in its schools & monasteries and hence more vulnerable to attack

B. Hinduism, focusing more on the home, did give women more scope than Buddhism

C. Hinduism incorporated Buddha as an incarnation of the god Vishnu and assimilated much of Buddhist philiosophy

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14. How/why did Buddhism take firm root in China?

A. After the fall of the Han Dynasty, because Confucianism had been so linked to the Imperial family

B. After the invention of woodblock printing, why spread Buddhist teachings throughout the realm

C. After the Muslim victory at the Talas River, because of refugees entering China

D. After the reforms of the Emperor Wuzong, who encouraged the establishment of monasteries

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CORRECT ANSWER = A

B. Buddhism had taken root in China some eight centuries earlier

C. This event actually factored in its decline

D. The Emperor was a Daoist and persecuted Buddhists

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15. What resulted from the advent of Buddhism in Japan?

A. It became a divisive factor, leading to civil war

B. It displaced the indigenous Shinto faith

C. It complemented and co-existed with Shinto

D. It steered clear of Japanese political life

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CORRECT ANSWER = C

A. The opposite; it served as a unifying factor

B. As per answer C, it co-existed with Shinto

D. From the eleventh century on, the Buddhist clergy intertwined with Japanese politics