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© 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. The Host Environment - 3 Examples of Hosts Laptop Server Group of Servers Mainframe
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© 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.
The Host Environment
Module 2.1
© 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. The Host Environment - 2
The Host EnvironmentUpon completion of this module, you will be able to:
List the hardware and software components of the host environment
Describe key protocols and concepts used by each component
© 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. The Host Environment - 3
Examples of Hosts
Laptop
Server
Group of Servers
Mainframe
© 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. The Host Environment - 4
Host Physical Components
Bus
I/O Devices
CPU Storage
© 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. The Host Environment - 5
CPU
CPU
Bus
BusALU
Registers
L1 Cache
© 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. The Host Environment - 6
Storage
…
0123
n
Data 0
Data n
Data 2Data 3
Data 1
Address Content
Disk
Memory
© 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. The Host Environment - 7
Storage Hierarchy – Speed and Cost
Speed
Slow
Fast
CostHighLow
Tape Optical disk
Magnetic disk
RAM
L2 cache L1 cache
CPU registers
© 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. The Host Environment - 8
I/O Devices Human interface
– Keyboard– Mouse– Monitor
Computer-computer interface– Network Interface Card (NIC)
Computer-peripheral interface– USB (Universal Serial Bus) port– Host Bus Adapter (HBA)
© 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. The Host Environment - 9
Host Environment: Logical ComponentsHost
Apps
Volume Management
DBMS Mgmt Utilities
File System
Multi-pathing Software
Device Drivers
HBA HBA HBA
Operating System
© 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. The Host Environment - 10
Host
Apps
Volume Management
DBMS Mgmt Utilities
File System
Multi-pathing Software
Device Drivers
HBA HBA HBA
Operating System
File Systems
© 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. The Host Environment - 11
File System: Metadata ExamplesUNIX (UFS)
File type and permissions
Number of links
Owner and group IDs
Number of bytes in the file
Last file access
Last file modification
Windows (NTFS)
Time stamp and link count
File name
Access rights
File data
Index information
Volume information
© 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. The Host Environment - 12
File Systems: Journaling and Logging Improves data integrity and system restart time over
non-journaling file systems.
Uses a separate area called a log or journal.– May hold all data to be written– May hold only metadata
Disadvantage - slower than other file systems.– Each file system update requires at least 1 extra write – to the
log
© 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. The Host Environment - 13
Volume ManagementHost
Apps
Volume Management
DBMS Mgmt Utilities
File System
Multi-pathing Software
Device Drivers
HBA HBA HBA
Operating System
© 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. The Host Environment - 14
HBAsHost
Apps
Volume Management
DBMS Mgmt Utilities
File System
Multi-pathing Software
Device Drivers
HBA HBA HBA
Operating System
© 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. The Host Environment - 15
Improving Data Availability at the HostRedundancy:
Multiple HBAs
Multi-pathing software
Clustering
© 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. The Host Environment - 16
How Files are Moved to and from StorageTeacher
Configures / Manages
File System Files
Mapped by file system
to
Course File(s)
Reside in
File System Blocks
Disk Physical Extents
Consisting of
LVM Logical Extents
Residing in
Mapped by LVM to
Disk Sectors
Managed by Disk Storage Subsystem
© 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. The Host Environment - 17
Module SummaryKey points covered in this module:
Hosts typically have:– Hardware: CPU, memory, buses, disks, ports, and interfaces.– Software: applications, operating systems, file systems, device
drivers, volume managers
HBAs connect hosts to storage devices.
Multi-pathing software uses redundant paths to ensure uninterrupted communication between the host and the storage
Clustering uses redundant host systems to improve data availability
© 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. The Host Environment - 18
Check Your Knowledge What are some examples of hosts?
Describe the hardware components found in most hosts.
What is the function of the operating system?
What is the function of the file system?
What are some techniques that can be used to improve availability at the host?
What is volume management?
