2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Ecology is the study of the
interactions between organisms and their environment. 1 of 8
Introducing
Slide 3
2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX 8.11 (A) Describe producer/consumer,
predator/prey, and parasite/host, relationships as they occur in
food webs within marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems.
8.11 (B) Investigate how organisms and populations in an ecosystem
depend on and may compete for biotic and abiotic factors such as
quantity of light, water, range of temperatures, or soil
composition.
Slide 4
2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Ecosystem includes all abiotic and
biotic factors in one particular environment Biotic Factors the
living parts of an ecosystem Abiotic Factors the nonliving parts of
an ecosystem
Slide 5
2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Examples of Biotic Factors
Slide 6
2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Examples of Abiotic Factors
Slide 7
2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX interact with each other in complex
ways Biotic Factors also interact with abiotic factors in the
ecosystem
Producer/consumerPredator/preyParasite/hostProducer/consumerPredator/preyParasite/host
dependent upon water, minerals, temperature, light such as
Slide 8
2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX The environment can be divided into 5
different levels, increasing in size: 1.Organism (ex: zebra)
2.Population (ex: a herd of zebras) 3.Community (ex: all the
zebras, giraffes, lions, warthogs etc. in an area) 4.Ecosystem (ex:
all the biotic plus abiotic factors) 5.Biosphere (Earth) One pony
comes each birthday 2 of 8
Slide 9
2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Food Chains Show the path of energy
from one organism to the next with arrows Always start with a
producer! All food chains in a community make up a food web 3 of
8
Slide 10
2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX A pyramid can be used to show how
much energy is available at each level of a chain: Producers
Primary consumers Secondary consumers 4 of 8
Slide 11
2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Types of Relationships Competition
for Biotic and Abiotic factors Predator/Prey Parasite/Host
Producer/Consumer *Ecosystems can be terrestrial, marine, or
freshwater 7 of 8
Slide 12
2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX The Food Web Community Producer
Plants Uses sun to produce food by photosynthesis Consumer -
Usually animals Must eat/consume other organisms 1.Herbivore = eats
plants 2.Carnivore = eats animals 3.Omnivore = eats both plants and
animals 4.Decomposer = feeds on dead animals 1 2 3 4 5 of 8
Slide 13
2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX continued Decomposer Gets energy from
breaking down the remains of dead organisms Examples are bacteria
and fungi (such as mold and mushrooms, and worms) 6 of 8
Slide 14
2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX McLaren, James E, and Rotundo, Lisa
(1985). Heath Biology. D. C. Heath and Company. The American
Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Third Edition. (1992).
Houghton Mifflin Company. Arms. (1996). Environmental Science.
Orlando,Florida: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. Bibliography