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© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Kiwi Format and Telematics
Kiwi Format and Telematics
Kiwi-W Consortium
Takahiko Hamada
INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON TELEMATICS 2002 October 1
2
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Transition of car navigation in Japan
• In 1987 Stored Map Database in CD-ROM
Map Database CD-ROM EMV
( Electro Multi Vision )
3
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Transition of car navigation in Japan• In 1991 Released Car navigation system by
various manufacturers– Adoption of GPS and Gyro sensor
– From single purpose to multi purpose → The rise of commercial items
GPS Satellite
Ceramic Gyro
4
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Birth of Naviken Format• Expansion of car navigation market• Expectation of entering into the navigation mar
ket by Audio makers which have no map data• Standardization of map disc, and entry the nav
igation market with map disc provided by map maker
• Birth of Naviken Format Ver1.0 in 1988• After adding more function, birth of Ver2.1 in 1
995
5
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Intensification of functional race• Quantitative race
– Map• 1-10 thousandth scale model of the whole country• Adoption of foot prints
– 1400 cities
– Search for destination• Search by phone number
– Corporation 10 million cases– Individual 60 million cases
• Search by address– 26 million cases
CD-ROM
plurality
DVD-ROM
6
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Intensification of functional race• Operational race
– High-speed scrolling– 3 -D map
• Bird View• Real foot prints
– High-speed route searchBird View
Real 3D Map
7
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Alternation of Map disc format• The format needs to be changed for correspon
ding to upgrade.• Naviken S Format Ver2.2• The function which stands out from the rest is r
equired in order to overcome in market competition.– The format is not compatible on each year.
8
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Increase of kinds of maintained version • Map data needs to be maintained every year.• The kinds of maintained version run up to one hundred and
dozens of kinds.
95 Model
No compatible
96 年 97年
96 Model
95 年
9
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Limits of Naviken format• Correspondence to upgrading reaches the limit.
– No expandability.
– The data format depends on the facility of the navigation system.
• Compatibility of Naviken disc disappears.
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© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Conventional map database structure
• Database structure witch depends on the requirement of the Application Program
Database for each function
Application for each format
The real world
Map displayData
Positional reference
Data
Route planningData
Refer to data. (2)Application(2)
(positional calculation)
Refer to data. (n)Application(n)
(recommended route planning)
System control program
Refer to data. (1)
Application(1)(map display)
11
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Birth of Kiwi format• The time of creation of industry standard format
– Correspondence to sophisticated navigation system
– Expandability
• Foundation of Kiwi-W Review committee in 1996
– 17 companies concerned in car navigation system participate.
– Disclosure of X format from Xanavi
– Review of standard format
• Kiwi Ver1.1 was completed and estimated by demonstrative ex
periment in 1998 .
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© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Summary of Kiwi format• Explanation of summary of the format
Kiwi
The name “Kiwi” was derived from the fact the format had been deliberated as International standardization at ISO meeting in Sydney.
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© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Kiwi format aims…..• To describe the real world• To speed-up of data reference • To compress the volume of the data• To magnify the expandability• To enlarge the field of application
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© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Data base structure of Kiwi format• The real world is described by information related to the shape of
the object,the attribute,and the connection (phase) etc.
The real world
Shape data Attribute data
Application(1)
Common data reference program
Application(2) Application(n)
Standard data format for data exchange
Relation of connection
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© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
The composition of Kiwi formatIndex Data
Drawing Parameters Data
Voice Data
Image Data
VICS
Main Map Data
Route Planning data
Road DataBackground DataText Data
Route Guidance Data
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© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Speed-up of Data Reference• Main map data (parcel)
– Kiwi format refers to the data in a constant area
• Route planning data (region)– Kiwi format refers to the data of wide area as much
as possible
• Hierarchical structure– Kiwi format quickly refers to the data which exist bet
ween one level and another, or which exist nearby area
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© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Main Map Data (Parcel)• They are used for Map-display, Location, and
Route guidance• The area is divided by rectangles (parcel)• Data has Hierarchical structure
level 1
level 2
level n
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© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Main Map Data (Parcel)• Data to be stored
– Management records– Road data
• Figure data and Road attribute data to be used for map-display and location.
• It has traffic regulation information and link connection information so that it may be used for the route calculation
– Background Data– Text Data– Guidance Data
• Appellations of intersection etc. which is referred to intersections data in Road Data
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© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Map Display Data Frame
Map Display Distribution Header
:
Offset/Size of Road Data Frame
Offset/Size of BackGround Data Frame
Offset/Size of Text Data Frame
Road Data Frame
Distribution Header
:
Number of Display Class [ A ]
Offset to Display-class-classified Road Data
Number of MultiLink (for each Display calss)
Road Data List
Array of Display-class-classified Road Data
Display Scale Flag
Array of MultiLink Data Record
:
Back Ground Data Frame Basic Structure is same as Road Data Frame
Text Data Frame Basic Structure is same as Road Data Frame
Extension Data Frame
阪神高速
瀬戸内海
夢前川公園
Text
Road
Back Ground
20
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Main Map Data (Parcel)• Division and integration of a parcel
level n
level 1
level 2
Kiwi format divides and integrates a parcel into approximately same size of rectangle.
21
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Route Planning Data (Region)• They are used for Route planning• The area can be divided into arbitrary size (reg
ion)• They have a Hierarchical structure.
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© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Route Planning Data (Region)
Region divisions for each layer
Tree structure of region management records
Higher level
Lower level
0
0
0
1
23 4
51
2
6
0
0 1
3 41 52
2
0 6
Region number
23
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Route Planning Data• Data to be stored
– Management records– Information of node
• Information of intersections in road networks• Information which corresponds to upper level
– Link information• Information of road in road networks• Information which corresponds to upper level• Information of connection to border region
– Regulation information• Information of traffic regulation in intersection and
regulation for part of road in intersection
24
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Route Planning Data Frame
Route Planning Distribution Header
:
Offset / Size of each Data Frame
Node Data Frame
Total Number of Node Records [N]
Array of Node Record ( #1 to # N)
Attribute
Number of Link Record [ K ]
Offset to Link Record
Number of Regulation Record [L]
Link Data Frame
Link Cost Data Frame
Data Frame Corresponding to the Upper Level Node
Passage Code Data Frame
:
Route Planning Data Frame
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© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Route Planning Data Frame
Route Planning DistributionHeader
Node Data Frame
Link Data Frame
Array of Link Record [ #1 to #K for each Node ]
Link Cost Record Number
Attribute
Array of Regulation Record [ #1 to #K for each Node ]
Upper Level Correspondence Record Number of the Node
:
Link Cost Data Frame
Array of Link Cost Data Record
Link ID
Cost (Ex. Link length , Average Traveling Time )
:
Data Frame Corresponding to the Upper Level Node
Passage Code Data Frame
:
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© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Level i
Level i+1Route Planning Data Frame
Route Planning DistributionHeader
Node Data Frame
Link Data Frame
Link Cost Data Frame
Upper Level Correspondence Data Frame of the Node
Number of Nodes Corresponding to the Upper Level [ N ]
Array of Upper Level Correspondence Record of the Node (#1 to #N)
Adjacent Information
Upper Level Node ID Number
Offset to the Upper Level Correspondence Record of the Link
Upper Level Correspondence Data Frame of the Link
Array of Upper Level Correspondence Record of the Link
Passage Code Data Frame
:
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© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Compression of the Volume of the Data
• Data management by the size of data– Kiwi format sets the fixed size for each data block a
nd manages whole size of the data
• Data management by flags– Kiwi format manages the existence of fluid data by f
lags which correspond to bits.
• Multi link structure– Kiwi format integrates the roads which have same a
ttribute, and describe the existence of a intersection.
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© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Data Frame A
Control Header
Size of Data Frame A
Control Flags 、 Header Size
Size of Data B
Size of Data E
Size of Data F
Expansion Data
Data B ( always stored )Data C ( fixed length , always stored )Data D ( fixed length )Data E
Data F
Expansion Data
Delete flag of Data Frame A
Existence flag of Data D
Existence flag of Data E
Existence flag of Data F
Existence flag of Expansion Data (Data Frame A)
Size of Control Header
Data-Compression by size or flag ( Example )
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© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
shape
Node
R o ad A
NA0 NA1 NA2 NA3 NA4 LA0
LA1 LA2 LA3
Attribute B Attribute 1
Attribute B Attribute 3
Attribute B Attribute 4
Attribute C Attribute 5
Attribute BAttribute 2
Attribute A Attribute 0
NA0 NA2 NA4 LA0
LA1 LA2 LA3
Attribute 1 Attribute 2 Attribute 3 Attribute 4
Attribute B
Attribute forindividual link
Common attribute
NA1 NA3
R o ad B
Links
Multilink
Link
Multi Link
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© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Node Record
Identical Node Infomation
Flags of each Additional Node Infomation
Offset to Additional Node Record
Additional Node Record
:
Offset to route guidance data
Offset to Street Name data
Offset to Passage Regulation Information
:
NA0 NA2 NA4 LA0
LA1 LA2 LA3
Attribute 1 Attribute 2 Attribute 3 Attribute 4
Attribute A
Individuallink attribute
NA1 NA3
Detailed attribute
Multilink
MultiLink Data Record
MultiLink Header
Flags for management 、 Size of each Infomation
Number of Nodes (N)
Attribute of MultiLink
MultiLink Shape Information ( Array of Link Shape N)
Attribute of Link ( Example : Number of Shape Point (K))
( X 、Y ) of Node
Array of ( X 、Y ) of Shape Point (K)
Node and Link Connection Information ( Array of Node Record N)
Additional Node Information ( Array of Additional Node Record N)
Altitude Information
Passage Regulation Information
Temporal Information
Expansion Data
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© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
The Expandability of the Data• The expandability of basic data
– Kiwi format prepares the expanding part so that expansion may not have any effect on the data reference
• Kiwi format manages the data by the number of elements and the volume of the data
• Kiwi format controls the expansion by the flags which correspond to the bits
– The expandability enables Kiwi format to expand in the future and to store the individual data by each manufacturers
• The structure of file– Kiwi format enables each manufacturers to store the individua
l data.• Html
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© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Data Frame A
Control Header
Size of Data Frame A
Control Flags 、 Header Size
Size of Data B
Size of Data E
Size of Data F
Expansion Data
Data B ( always Stored )Data C ( fixed length, always stored )Data D ( always stored )Data E
Data F
Expansion Data
Delete flag of Data A
Existence flag of Data D
Existence flag of Data E
Existence flag of Data F
Existence flag of Extension Data (Data Frame A)
Size of Control Header
Control by Size
Control by Size and Flag
How to store expansion data ( Example )
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© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Data Frame A
Control Header
:
Offset and Size for each Basic / Extension Data Frame
Basic Data Frame 1 ( Define Format )Basic Data Frame 2 ( 〃 )Basic Data Frame 3 ( 〃 )Extension Data Frame 1 ( Undefined Format )Extension Data Frame 2 ( 〃 )
Control Frame of Data Frame A
:
Number of Basic / Extension Data Frame
Address / Size of Data Frame A Extension Data Frame 1
User ID
Data ID
Original Data
Extension Data Frame 2
User ID
Data ID
Original Data
cf.How to store original data (Example )
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© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
The Structure of Physical Data
All datamanagement frame
Root directory( Address
Map )
Area
ISO9660( Volume )
KIWI format file
Metadata
DSA to main mapmanagement frame
Main map data management frame
Route planning datamanagement frame
DSA to route planning data frame
Main map dataRoute planning
data・・
Data Volume
Start-up record
Root Directory
Loading
Directory
DirectoryPointer to
ALLDATA.KWI
Pointer to META.DATA
Pointer to LOADING.KWI
ALLDATA.KWI
Realdata frames
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© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Index Data• Information of index data to select the
destination• Search frame to narrow down the data and
point data to store the result of the search• The composition can be defined freely on
search frame and POI information
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© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Structure of Index Data
Management Data
Volume Management
Frame
Search Frame 1
POI Information 1
地点情報 3
Volume Management
Frame 2 Volume Management
Frame 3
POI Information 2
Search Frame 2 Search Frame 3
Search Frame 4
37
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Index Data• It defines the form of the search facility and search
data by signature of 4bits– Management of the volume
• Layer search DSRC : Define for Search• B-Tree search DSBT : Define for Search of Balanced Tree
– Search frame• SR50 : Search by 50 on• SRJP : Search by Japanese area
– Point information• Point information ( normal ) • PINR : Point Of Interest
( normal)• Point information(data declaration) • DPOI : Define for Point Of Interest
38
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
An Example of Address SearchDetailed search information record
( Address search )
Prefecture-specificcategory
A Aichi prefecture
Nagoya city
Aomori prefecture
・
I Ishikawa prefecture
・
Wakayama prefecture
WA
City/Ward/Town/Village-specific category
主
主
Main area
Akabane town
Akubi town
・
NA Nagoya city
・
Main area
Main
A
Atsuta wardA
・
Main area
・
Main area主
・
Oaza/koaza/banchi-specific category
主
主
主 Main area
1-chome Akabane
2-chome Akabane
・
O 1-chome Akabane
・
Main area主
A
1-chome AkubiA
・
Main area主
・
Main area主
・
(Main area, Aichi prefecture)
(Main area,Akabaneprefecture)
(1-chome, Akabane, Akabane town,Aichi prefecture)
・
(main area Akubi town,Aichi prefecture)
・
(main area Nagoya city)
(main area Atsuta ward, Nagoya city)
・
(main area Kita ward, Nagoya city)
・
(main area Aomori prefecture)
・
Matching data
To POI information
Main
Main
Main
Main
Main
Main
(1-chome, Akabane, Akabane town,Aichi prefecture)
(1-chome, Akubi, Akubi town,Aichi prefecture)
39
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Applicability to Many Countries• Kiwi format has succeeded to overcome the difference between J
apan and U.S.A ( Ver1.22 )
Japan
US
prefecture cities,towns,and villages
chou, azabanchi
(lot number)
street house numberstatecities,towns,and villages
40
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
International standardization• In 1997, Kiwi format was proposed to be an
International standard as ISO/TC204/WG3(TICS database technology) SWG3.2 ( Physical Storage Format ) at Kobe meeting.
• Under deliberation at present.
41
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Foundation of Kiwi-W consortium• In July of 2001, Kiwi-W consortium was founded as an o
rganization that promotes popularization of Kiwi format..• Kiwi-W consortium establishment preparation committee
– Aisin AW Co., Ltd.– Increment P Ltd.– Xanavi Informatics Corporation– Zenrin Co., Ltd.– DENSO CORPORATION.– Honda Motor co., Ltd.– Mitsubishi Electric Corporation– Toyota Mapmaster Inc.
42
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Kiwi-W consortium• Aims at the achievement of the inter-
operability of the map disks with the use of Kiwi-W format.
• Defines necessary regulations, and discloses official information.
• Supports practical use. • Accelerates the spread of Navigation systems
in each country by defining the standard for the world.
• Nonprofit organization
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© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Activity• We issue and disclose the format
specifications and the operation regulations to use the Kiwi-W disk.
• We certificate and the manage the produced Kiwi-W disk.
• We disclose official information on Web site. • We work with related organization including
the ISO/TC204/WG3/SWG3.2• We propagate Kiwi-W format over related
enterprises.
44
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Document• Format specifications
– Basic chapter
– Expanded chapter
• Operation rules of the format
Kiwi format specifications
Kiwi-W format specifications
Operation guideline
The part submitted to ISO is disclosed free of cost
For limited members
For limited members
45
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Kiwi format specifications• Basic chapter• Submitted to ISO (=Ver1.22 / current)• Contents
– Chapter 1 Sentence rule– Chapter 2 Data composition in media
» »
– Chapter 33 Image data frame– Chapter 34 Voice data frame
• Disclosed free of cost.
46
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Kiwi-W format specifications• Expanded chapter• Defines expanded function which is not define
d in basic chapter• Defines format of each function on Index searc
h• Contents
– Chapter 51 The actually Index search»
– Chapter 60 Reference
• Disclosed only to the members.
47
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Operation guideline• Secures the inter-operability of data. • Defines the storage method and the
restrictions of each segment of data. – Preset value and explanation (In Japan and foreign
countries)– Preset value (min & max)– Regulations
48
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Certification• Each management company confirms the
inter-operability of proposed disk. • Each management company brings forward
the disk to secretariat with confirmation result.• The secretariat gives and manages
certification number to the applicant. – The information of the certification will be disclosed
on the Web site.
49
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Member regulations and fee• Qualification for members• Corporation or any division in corporation
• An individual honored member can join if there is approval of the management company
• Segment of members– Management companies– General member
• Start of recruiting new members– April, 2001
• Annual membership fee– Management company →\950,000 or $8,000– General member →\450,000 or $4,000
50
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Organization• Board member
– Chairman• Represents and generalizes Kiwi-W consortium
– Manager• Manages Kiwi-W consortium• Examines and produces the specifications• Plans and executes the commission
– Inspector
• Secretariat• Discloses the information
51
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Introduction of Kiwi- W consortium members
【 Director (8 companies )】AISIN AW CO.,LTD. ALPINE ELECTRONICS INC.INCREMENT P CORPORATION Xanavi Infomatics CorporationZENRIN CO.,LTD DENSO CORPORATIONTOYOTA MAPMASTER INC. MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION
【 Auditor (1 company )】SUMITOMO ELECTRIC INDUSTRIES,LTD
【 Members (15 companies )】 Clarion Co., Ltd. KENWOOD CORPORATION
JAPAN DIGITAL ROAD MAP ASSOCIATION SHINKA INFORMATION SYSTEM CO.,LTD SOUGOU SYSTEM SERVICE LTD. Tele Atlas JAPAN REPRESENTATIVE OFFICETOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION Navigations Technologies Kabushiki Kaisha IBM Japan, Ltd. Pioneer Corporation Hitachi Engineering Co., Ltd. Fujitsu LtdHonda Motor Co.,Ltd Matsushita Communication Industrial Co.,Ltd China Datong Industry Co.,Ltd.
52
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Activity in 2002• Publication of Kiwi instruction manual
– Comment on how to use Kiwi data
• Publicity activities to Korea and China– Setting of Korean branch and Chinese branch
• Creation of Kiwi Viewer– Offer to members in open source
53
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Future activity• Alteration of car navigation system
– HDD model, Memory model– Infrastructure of wireless
communication
HDDCD-ROM
DVD-ROM
54
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Investigation of new format• Correspondence to ReWritable media
– Current Kiwi format concludes information in the disc.
– Development of Kiwi-RW based on Kiwi
• Setting a seminar– Request for members’ participation
55
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
The future of Kiwi format
Kiwi-W
Kiwi-RW
Kiwi
56
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
Kiwi-W Consortium• Kiwi-W consortium Web site
– URL• http://kiwi-w.mapmaster.co.jp
– Inquiries• TOYOTA MAPMASTER INC.
7F Sumitomo-Seimei building, 2-14-19, Meieki-minami, Nakamura-ku, Nagoya, Japan
Zip code: 450-0003
PREPAIRED: Hamada and Fukumizu Mail:[email protected]