© 2002 GMU SYST 495 AATMS Team Autonomous Air Traffic Management System (AATMS): The Management and Design of an Affordable Ground-Based Air Traffic Management

© 2002 GMU SYST 495 AATMS Team

Autonomous Air Traffic Management Autonomous Air Traffic Management System (AATMS):System (AATMS):

The Management and Design of an The Management and Design of an Affordable Ground-Based Air Traffic Affordable Ground-Based Air Traffic

Management SystemManagement System

Student Team MembersKenneth H. McKneely Jr.

Abdulaziz FaghiPirooz Javan

Keegan E. JohnsonKhang L. Nguyen

April 26, 2002

Corporate Sponsor

Ms. Lori Delorenzo

CACI Technologies, Inc.

Faculty Advisor

George L. Donohue, PhD.


Briefing OutlineBriefing Outline Problem Statement Operational Concept Design Approach Decision and Cost

Analysis

Physical Architecture Simulations Conclusion


Problem StatementProblem Statement



MotivationMotivation Key Design Question: Can we provide equivalent

Tower Safety at a lower cost? Performance Objective

– Increase Aircraft Arrivals per hour from 3 to a maximum of 15 per hour in Lower Landing Minimum


Operational ConceptOperational Concept AATMS Services

– Provide same capabilities as Low Density FAA Manned Tower Surveillance Separation Communications Flight Planning and Weather Information

– Remote Maintenance Monitoring Worst Case Weather Conditions

– Cloud Ceiling: 450 feet– Horizontal Visibility: 1 statute mile


Initial Observations and Initial Observations and ConstraintsConstraints

Target Market approximately 750 airports– Small airports do not have large budgets

Technology exists, but no real integration of this type of system Meet a High Operational Availability Provide services for minimally equipped aircraft

– Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System (ATCRBS) transponder with encoding altimeter

– Two independent radio navigation systems– Global Positioning System/Wide Area Augmentation System (GPS/WAAS)


Design ApproachDesign Approach Two Basic Design Alternatives:

– Decisions made by Pilot/Avionics: Responsibility for execution of maneuvers is left to the pilot (e.g., missed approach).

– Decisions made by AATMS : AATMS monitors airspace and provides instructions to pilots.

Provide two hardware configurations– Minimum Availability (Min AO): Meets minimum availability requirements for

FAA certification– Maximum Availability (Max AO): Provide component redundancy and diversity


Design ApproachDesign Approach

Architecture/ Design

Pilot Decision Making

AATMS Decision Making

Min AO Reject Design Accept Design

Max AO Reject Design Accept Design


Max AMax AOO Physical Architecture Physical Architecture

100 Base-T Router/LAN

Multilateration ADS-B

VDL-4 VHF Voice

Focal Plane(IR) Array

AWOS/DUATS

RemoteMaintenanceMonitoring

Weather/Runway

Weather/Runway

Planning Planning

UPS

VoiceSynthesizer

PrimaryRadar

(Network Servers)


Decision and Cost AnalysisDecision and Cost Analysis


Cost ApproachCost Approach Used Multi-Attribute Decision Analysis Techniques for component

selection decisions Cost Breakdown Structure (CBS)

– Means to Collect/Track Cost Data Assumptions for Operations Costs

– Computed for 7 years (Time between Technology Refresh)– Operations Costs

Tower: Staffed by 15 people @ $120,000/yr each AATMS: Utilities ~ $24000/yr


Decision Sensitivity AnalysisDecision Sensitivity Analysis

0.0000.1000.2000.3000.4000.5000.6000.7000.8000.9001.000

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

JRC JMA 2254

SI-TEX T-295 SI-TEX 1140-4

Raymarine 9SFuruno 1933C NAVNET

Weight of Purchase Price (PP)

Dec

isio

n V

alue

Primary Radar Decision Sensitivity to Weight of Purchase Price (PP)

Actual Weight of Purchase Price (PP)


Cost ComparisonCost Comparison

$0$500,000

$1,000,000$1,500,000$2,000,000$2,500,000$3,000,000$3,500,000$4,000,000$4,500,000$5,000,000

Maximum Ao Minimum Ao ATCT

OperationsMaintenanceAcquisition


SimulationsSimulations


ApproachApproach Developed Two Simulations to evaluate AATMS performance

– Overall System Reliability– System Operational Performance

Reliability Simulation based on data obtained from Aviation Standards Body for FAA (Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics, Inc.)

Operational Simulation used to compute data on number of aircraft events


Reliability ResultsReliability ResultsReliability:

– All reliability data is end-to-end– Predicted for 0.99798 – Monte Carlo Simulation resulted in 0.99945

over 20 years

PowerGroup

(0.99999)

SurveillanceGroup(0.999)

CommsGroup

(0.99999)

NetworkGroup(0.999)


Airport GeometryAirport Geometry

4500 ft.

8 mi (42240 ft.)

Meter Point A

10.26

mi (5

4180

ft.)

6 mi (31680 ft.)

8 mi (42240 ft.)

Meter Point B

10.26 mi (54180 ft.)

r

Meter Point A

Meter Point B


Operational Simulation Operational Simulation ParametersParameters

Arriving Aircraft Speeds: 90 and 120 knots Gaussian Distribution for Aircraft Interarrival Times

– Mean (): 4, 5, and 6 minutes– Standard Deviation () : 20 seconds

Repositioning event = aircraft Standard Rate Turn– 360o turn = 2 minutes


Operational ResultsOperational Results

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

0 - .5

1.1 - 1

.5

2.1 - 2

.5

3.1 - 3

.5

4.1 - 4

.5

5.1 - 5

.5

6.1 - 6

.5

7.1 - 7

.5

8.1 - 8

.5

9.1 - 9

.5

10 Arrivals/hour

12 Arrivals/hour

15 Arrivals/hour

Separation Distance Intervals (nm)

Inst

ance

s (x1

000)

ove

r 30

day

s


Total Reposition EventsTotal Reposition EventsN

umbe

r of

Occ

urre

nces

ove

r 30

day

s

0

4055

2597

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

6 8 10 12 14Arrivals Per Hour


ConclusionConclusion The AATMS Max AO architecture can safely and reliably

handle 12 aircraft arrivals per hour The investment to provide this capability is 62% less than

the cost to construct/operate/maintain a Low Density FAA Manned Control Tower.

YES! We can provide equivalent Tower Safety at a lower cost.

“Luck is the residue of good design.” – Bobby Jones


Documents

© 2002 GMU SYST 495 AATMS Team Autonomous Air Traffic Management System (AATMS): The Management and Design of an Affordable Ground-Based Air Traffic Management