The Reformation of Christianity

12-1 The Protestant Reformation

Standard 7.9 Students analyze the historical developments

of the Reformation. 1. List the causes for the internal turmoil in and

weakening of the Catholic church (e.g., tax policies, selling of indulgences).

2. Describe the theological, political, and economic ideas of the major figures during the Reformation (e.g., Desiderius Erasmus, Martin Luther, John Calvin, William Tyndale).

Key Terms Reformation Indulgence Purgatory Martin Luther Protestants John Calvin King Henry VIII

Outline of Chapter The Protestant Reformation

I. The Catholic Church Faces ChallengersA. Unpopular Church PracticesB. The Call for Reform

II. Martin Luther Urges ReformA. A Break from the ChurchB. Luther’s Teachings

III. Other ReformersA. William TyndaleB. John CalvinC. Henry VIII

Main Ideas The Catholic Church faced

challengers who were upset with the behavior of Catholic clergy and with church practices

Martin Luther urged reform in the Catholic Church, but he eventually broke away from the church

Other reformers built on the ideas of early reformers to create their own churches

Big Idea

Unsatisfied with the Roman Catholic Church, religious reformers broke away to form their own churches

How did the practices of the Roman Catholic Church affect the church?

They weakened the church’s influence

Indulgences

What best describes Martin Luther?

An idealistic, independent thinker

What was the connection between purgatory and

indulgences? Buying indulgences reduced the amount of time spent in purgatory

Church Faces Challengers

Martin Luther William Tyndale

Henry VIII John Calvin

What did Martin Luther do to spread his ideas?

He translated the Bible into German

What did Martin Luther argue?

That people did not need priests to interpret the Bible for them

Henry VIII

Why did Henry VIII form the Church of England?

He wanted a divorce, and the pope wouldn’t let him leave his wife. So he named himself the head of the church in England, and left the Catholic church.