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1.02 Summarize factors to consider when choosing a

place to live. What factors should be considered when choosing a place to live?

Forces that Influences on Housing

History

Technology

Culture

Economy

Society

Environment

Government

Which of these forces involve people?

Which of these forces involve conditions?

Historical Influences

Industrial Revolution

Increase in urban housing

Increase in birth rate, cities grew

Increased demand for housing in urban areas

Housing was built close together and crowded causing high density Tenement housing: early apartments Row houses: continuous group of dwellings connected by common

sidewalls Duplexes: two-family dwellings

Historical Influences

1700s-1800s new inventions, machinery, and technology increased changes in the housing industry

1900s the number of immigrants to the US dramatically increased and moved into cities.

World War I paused the building of housing, causing a shortage, overcrowding and decline in home ownership After WWI 1/3 of the population was living in substandard housing,

below the standards best for people

By the Great Depression, more than 1/2 of the US population lived in cities Housing construction was still decreased People of all incomes struggled Private enterprise and the government saw a need for housing reform

Historical Influences

Factory-produced units emerged to meet the housing shortages Lower cost Less construction time

After World War II, housing construction continued Tract homes, groups of similarly designed homes appeared

Housing improvements New towns Subdivisions

Cultural Influences

Occurred in North America when settlers arrived from all over the world to join the Native Americans Navajo tribe of the North American Southwest, lived in a

“hogan”, a building made of logs and mud Windows faced west and a single door faced east

Immigrants and their unique cultures influenced housing development Spanish built “missions” with whitewashed walls and red-tiled

roofs Pilgrims, duplicated Native Americans, then duplicated English

cottages after the winter

Societal Influences

Changes in household: Needs Wants Lifestyles

Household size

Household composition

Growth of older population

People with disabilities

Affordable housing

Planning for leisure time

Working from home

Mobile living

Environmental Influences

Natural Environment – provided by land Land, water, trees, solar energy, climate Topography: lay of land and climate influence the location and

design of dwellings

Constructed Environment- includes the natural environment after it has been changed by human effort Built, landscaped, heated/cooled to control the indoor climate

Behavioral Environment- an environment for people to interact with one another Human qualities and feelings

Economic Influences

Production and consumption of goods and services related to housing Interaction among consumers, businesses, and

government in meeting housing needs Resources: objects, qualities, and personal strengths

used to reach a goal

Economic Influences

Housing affecting the economy Measuring the economy based on the number of families that can afford

to buy a median-priced home in their area Measuring the economy through the number of housing starts, or new

houses being built in a given year When the economy is down, the number of housing starts may fall short

of expectations.

Economy affecting housing The housing industry depends on the housing market, the transfer of

dwellings from the producers to the consumers The strength of the housing market depends on supply and demand, the

number of existing homes vs. the number needed by the population Growth in the housing industry has a positive impact on the gross

domestic product (GDP), which is the value of all goods and services produced within a given country during a given time period.

Technological Influences

Knowledge of tools, materials, and processes allows people to adapt to their environment

Technology changes over time as new and better ways of meeting human needs

“High tech” has a big and growing influence on housing decisions Media rooms, home theaters, sound systems

Many architects and interior designers use computer aided drafting and design (CADD) Creates designs with a computer to develop housing interiors and

housing plans Plans can be quickly adjusted to conserve materials, improve

building structure, and energy efficiency

Governmental Influences

Legislation- laws regulating housing

Federal Housing Administration (FHA)- the passage of the Housing Act of 1937, the public-housing program was created with the objective of providing decent, sanitary housing for low-income families

US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)- this is a cabinet-level, policy-making body whose mission is to promote a decent, safe, and sanitary home, and suitable living environment for all Americans.

Building codes- establish minimum standards for materials and construction methods Uniform Building code is the most widely adopted model building code in the

world, it sets the minimum standards for building construction

Zoning regulation- a government requirement that controls land use

Consumer Product Safety Commission- created to foster a positive natural environment

Environmental Protection Agency- created to safeguard the natural environment, including the air, water, and land upon which life depends.