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Clinical Case Presentation:Alcoholic Liver Disease

Gaurav JainRoll No: 174/11

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Clinical Case Presentation:Ascites with ARF

Lakshmi Narayan, 42 years old patient , who is a chronic alcoholic, farmer by occupation presented with:• Abdominal distension from 15 days • Abdominal pain from 15 days• Fever from 15 days• Decreased urine output from 10 days• Decreased passage of stools from 10 days

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HISTORY H/O Present illness: HDBT 15 days when patient developed: insidious, gradually progressive Abdominal distension a/w pin-pricking

pain in the epigastrium & right hypochondrium region , relieved by medication.

Intermittent, mild to moderate grade fever, insidious onset & subsides on medication a/w nausea ,retching, cachexia, altered sleep patterns with day-time sleepiness.

Pt. developed decrease in urine output without burning or other discomfort from past 10 days.

Pt. developed decreases stool passage ,insidious onset and gradually progressive, not a/w flatulence, dyspepsia, heart burn from 10 days.

A single episode of haemetemesis containing 30 ml of fresh blood.

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Negative History: No H/O chills, rigor, sweating,headache,rashes retrobulbar pain, cough, joint pain, steatorrhea, malena, facial puffiness, xanthelasma, xanthomata, flapping tremors, blood transfusion.

Past History: No H/O TB, Diabetes, Asthma, Hypertension. No such complaint in the past.

Personal History: Married with two children• Non vegeterian diet.• Smoking-15 pack years but one bundle daily from past 2 months.• Chronic alcoholic from past 30 years consuming 4.5-5.6 units of

alcohol daily. Tobacco chewing from past 12 years.• Lost 15 kgs of weight in past 2 months.

Family History: No such family history. Drug History: No significant history.

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EXAMINATIONGeneral Physical ExaminationPatient is conscious, oriented to time,place and person and cooperative. No pallor, icterus, cyanosis, clubbing, JVP and lymphadenopathy. Pedal edema present.

No gynaecomasatia, skin pigmentation , palmar erythema, spider nevi, leuconychia, koilonychia, angular stomatitis present. Axillary ,pubic hair decreased. Mild Glossitis present

PR- 86/min RR-20/min BP-96/60mmHg

Abdominal Girth: 114.3 cmUmblico-ischial spine distance: 19.05 cmUmblico-Symphysis distance: 21.59 cm

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Abdominal Examination Inspection: globular shape stomach with

full flanks and everted umblicus. There is a single scar present on the right lateral side. Engorged veins seen.(downward to upward blood

flow).

Palpation: afebrile .Liver not palpable. Spleen palpable by Dipping method but size cant be established. Fluid thrill present. . Tense and tendor

Percussion: Shifting Dullness present. Auscultation: Bowel sounds heard and

Bruits not heard. Other systemic findings were normal.

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INVESTIGATIONSBlood Urea 123mg/dl

S. Creatinine 3.3mg/dl

S. Uric Acid 9.9mg/dl

SGOT 80U/L

SGPT 32U/L

S. Alkaline Phosphatase

120U/L

S. Protein 6.1g/dl

A/G Ratio 0.7

S. Bilirubin 1.5

TLC 11700/cumm

DLC N 87- L 10- E 1- M 2

Hb 7.5gm

APC 4.5 lacs

PT/INR

Prothrombin time 18.3sec

Control 11sec

Ratio 1.05

INR 2.5

Inference-Coagulopathy

HIV, Hep B, Hep C-negative

Ascitic Fluid Cytology

No malignant cell seen

TLC 200/CUMM

DLC N 20%: L 80%

Fluid Protein 1.5 g/dl

SAAG 2.2 g/dl

ADA 8.58U/L

Inference: Transudative picture: tubercular ascites ruled out.

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Free fluid +++

Liver measures 13.5 cm with slightly altered in echotexture.

Gall Bladder is thickwall & oedematous but lumen is echofree.

Portal vein diameter is 13mm.Splenic vein diameter is 5.0mm

Spleen measures 16.2cm with normal echotexture.

Pancrease ,Kidneys, Bladder , Prostate normal in size & shape.

Impression- Cirrhosis with Ascitis

S. Triglyceride 104mg/dl

S. Cholesterol 116mg/dl

S. VLDL 21mg/dl

SODIUM 121.7 meq/l

POTASSIUM 3.6 meq/l

Complete Urine Examination: Within normal limits.

Ultrasonography

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Differential Diagnosis: Based on clinical, lab & USG findings, patient is suffering from Chronic Liver

Disease showing complications of Ascites and Portal Hypertension with derangement of KFT, cause of which can be 1) Hepato-Renal Syndrome 2) Pre –Renal Azotemia

High SAAG in the case indicates presence of Portal Hypertension.

Low Ascitic Protein (1.5g/dl) indicates Transudative Ascites.

Based on patients alcoholic history & lab findings,Cirrhosis is the cause of Ascitis and Portal Hypertension.

Complete Urine Analysis within normal limit shows that Chronic Kidney Disease is not the cause of acute renal failure.

Hereditary causes of Cirrhosis are ruled out based on family history while patient gives no history of skin pigmentation,xanthoma and jaundice which rules out Biliary Cirrhosis.

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Alcohol Liver Disease Chronic alcohol ingestion is one of the major causes of liver disease.

It causes 3 major lesions: a)fatty liver b)alcoholic hepatitis c)cirrhosis

Quantity and Duration of alcohol intake are the major risk factors.160g/d for 10-20 years in man produces cirrhosis.

Hepatic metabolism of alcohol initiates a process that promotes lipogenesis & the inhibition of fatty-acid oxidation. Endotoxins, oxidative stress, immunologic activity, and pro-inflammatory cytokine release contribute to the resulting liver injury.

Alcoholic fatty liver and hepatitis is reversible with alcohol abstention but cirrhosis is not.

Diagnosis is based on AST, ALT, GGTP, Bilirubin and USG findings.

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A discriminant function can determine patients with poor prognosis.(>32)

The presence of ascites, variceal hemorrhage, deep encephalopathy, or hepatorenal syndrome predicts a dismal prognosis.

Management

Lifestyle modifications: decreased alcohol intake, smoking obesity

Appropriate nutrition/nutritional support

Use of pentoxifylline or prednisone for alcohol hepatitis

Advice on complementary & alternative medicine for cirrhosis(eg silymarin)

Transplantation in selected abstinent patients with severe disease.

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Thank You