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WiMAX
1 2 2 2
(GaAs)(PHEMT)
(WiMAX) 2.6 GHz
(HMIC)WiMAX 2.5 2.69 GHz
(MMDS)WiMAX2.6 GHzWiMAX
(NF) 2 dB 8 dB 1 dB(IP1 dB)
0 dBm(IIP3) 7.5 dBm 1.8 V
8 mW
1 2
2008, 24, 11-20
97 3 20 97 6 5
12
Design of Low-Noise Amplifier with Out-of-Band Termination for
WiMAX Applications
Jian-Ming Wu* Neng-Kai Yang** Deng-Yang Tsao** Simon C. Li**
Abstract
A 2.6 GHz highly linear low-noise amplifier (LNA) is designed and implemented in hybrid microwave integrated circuit (HMIC) using GaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (PHEMT) for WiMAX applications. The center frequency of a WiMAX LNA is designed at 2.6 GHz due to the selection of U.S. multi-point microwave distribution system (MMDS) band of frequency range from 2.5 to 2.69 GHz. The proposed design is based on the out-of-band termination. The second-order harmonic of a WiMAX LNA presents low impedance for grounding due to the out-of-band termination. A LNA eliminating the second-order nonlinear term enhances the linearity significantly. The crucial measured results form a WiMAX LNA in a noise figure (NF) is less than 2 dB, a power gain is greater than 8 dB, an input 1 dB compression point (IP1 dB) is equal to 0 dBm, and an input third-order intercept point (IIP3) is equal to 7.5 dBm. A supply voltage of 1.8 V is used and a power consumption is 8 mW.
Key Words: Low-noise amplifier (LNA), out-of-band termination, linearization, WiMAX.
* Assistant Professor, Department of Electronic Engineering, National Kaohsiung Normal University. ** Professor, Graduate, Institute of Communication Engineering, National University of Tainan.
WiMAX 13
(Wireless local area network, WLAN)(Cellular network)[1][2]IEEE 802.16 (Worldwide interoperability for microwave access, WiMAX)[3]WiMAX (Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, OFDM)
(1)(Source degeneration)[4](2)(Predistortion) [5](3)(Postdistortion)[6](4)(Feedforward)[7]-[9](5)(Diode linearizer)[10](6)(Out-of-band termination)[11]-[17]
(Single chip)
(Third-order intermodulation product, IM3)(Noise figure, NF)
WiMAX(GaAs)(Enhancement mode pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor, E-PHEMT) WiMAX Agilent Technologies E-PHEMT [18](Hybrid microwave integrated circuit, HMIC)
(Feedback)(Re-mixing)(Source impedance) E-PHEMT vs
14
vgsCgsidgm E-PHEMT Z1 Z2 [17](Input third-order intercept point, IIP3)
3 31 1
1 ,6Re( ( )) ( ) ( ) ( ,2 )
IIPZ H A
=
(1)
= 2f (Two-tone) f = 2ff H()A1()
22
31 1
2 2 1( , 2 ) .3 ( ) (2 )gg
g g g g
= + + + (2)
(2) g1g2 g3 Volterra k() A1()Z2 Z1()H() A1() WiMAX (, 2)(, 2)
Z1
Cgs+vgs-
Z2
id=gmvgs
G D
S
vs
E-PHEMT
E-PHEMT
21
1(2 ) ,Zg
>> (3)
E-PHEMT (Unity-gain frequency) fT
1 2 ,gs
gC
>> (4)
1 2(2 ) (2 ),
2T
Z Zff
WiMAX 15
4
11
3 31 1
( ) 11 6 ( )
,2 R e ( ( ) ) ( ) ( )
G S t
D
V V gI Z
I IPZ H A
+
(6)
VGS-Vt E-PHEMT (Thresold voltage)ID
(6) 1( )Z
WiMAX WiMAX 1( )Z
WiMAX WiMAX(Multi-point microwave distribution system, MMDS) 2.5 2.69 GHz
WiMAX WiMAX (Heterodyne architecture)
WiMAX 2.5 2.69 GHz MMDS 2.6 GHz WiMAX WiMAX [3](Cascade) WiMAX 8 dB1.5 dB 5 dBm WiMAX
Q1 LS LD WiMAX (Q2 Q3)(R1R2 R3)(L1) 2.52.69 GHz2.52.69 GHz 2.5 2.69 GHz 2.5 2.69 GHz
RFBPF LNA
VGADownConverter
LO
RF IF
IFBPF
WiMAX
16
WiMAX
RF BPF LNA Down Converter VGA IF BPF Power Gain (dB) -0.35 8 10 46/25 -0.1 NF (dB) 0.35 1.5 10 7/30 0.1 IIP3 (dBm) 100 5 -5 23/17 100 Cascade Power Gain (dB) -0.35 7.65 17.65 63.65/42.65 63.55/42.55 Cascade NF (dB) 0.35 1.85 4.88 4.98/13.06 4.98/13.06 Cascade IIP3 (dBm) 100 5 -5.04 22.93/15.22 22.83/15.12
Input MatchingNetwork
LD
RFinQ1
Q2
LS
VDD
Q3
C1C2
R1 R2
R3
RFout
Vdc
C3L1
Ibias
ID
Output MatchingNetwork
Bias Circuitfor
Out-of-BandTermination
WiMAX
WiMAX Agilent Technologies GaAs E-PHEMT Agilent Technologies GaAs E-PHEMT -(I-V) 1.8 V 8 mWWiMAX 23 mm 18 mm WiMAX R&S ZVB8 Mini-Circuits NC346C R&S FSP R&S SMJ 100A R&S FSP 1 dB (Input 1 dB compression point, IP1 dB)
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
VDS (V)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
I DS
(mA
)
Agilent Technologies GaAs E-PHEMT I-V
WiMAX 17
WiMAX
Vector Signal GeneratorR&S SMJ 100A
Network AnalyzerR&S ZVB8
Spectrum AnalyzerR&S FSP
WiMAX LNA
Noise SourceMini-Circuits NC346C
Vector Signal GeneratorR&S SMJ 100A
Network AnalyzerR&S ZVB8
Spectrum AnalyzerR&S FSP
WiMAX LNA
Noise SourceMini-Circuits NC346C
WiMAX
WiMAX 2.5 2.69 GHz WiMAX 1 dB 2 dB 2.5 2.69 GHz 8 dB 2.6 GHz 1.5 dB 8.1 dB WiMAX
18
2.5 2.55 2.6 2.65 2.7
Frequency (GHz)
0
1
2
3
4
5
Noi
se F
igur
e (d
B)
5
6
7
8
9
10
Power G
ain (dB)
Power GainNoise Figure
WiMAX
2.6 GHz 20 MHz WiMAX(Channel bandwidth)WiMAX 1 dB 0 dBm 7 dBm 7.5 dBm WiMAX WiMAX 7.5 dBm WiMAX [9], [19]-[21] WiMAX 1 dB
-25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10
Input Power (dBm)
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
Out
put P
ower
(dB
m)
IIP3=7.5dBmIP1 dB=0dBm
Fundamental
IM3
WiMAX
WiMAX 19
WiMAX
Reference Frequency (GHz) IIP3
(dBm) P1 dB
(dBm) NF
(dB) Power Gain
(dB) Pdiss
(mW) This Design 2.6 7.5 0 1.5 8.1 8
[9] 2.6 3 -13 2.95 15.2 17 [19] 2.4 4 -7 2.9 10.1 11.7 [20] 0.9 6.7 -7 3 12.2 20 [21] 2.45 -1.5 --- 2.88 14.7 10.5
WiMAX 2.6 GHz 2.5 2.69 GHz WiMAX 1.8 V 8 mW 2 dB 8 dB 1 dB 0 dBm 7.5 dBm
NSC 96-2221-E-017-014
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20
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