Devices and methods for

automatic data capture

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Brainstorming activity

What do you mean by source data

automation?

Source data automation

Magnetic –Ink character recognition

(MICR)

Optical recognition (OMR)

Data collection devices (Bar code

readers)

Voice input (voice recognition)

OCR

OPTICAL CHARACTER

READER Optical character recognition, usually

abbreviated to OCR

An OCR is an input device that uses light to

read and recognise a symbol. It is used to

read a price tag, or in an office to read

entire document.

OCR, is the mechanical or electronic conversion of

scanned images of handwritten, typewritten or

printed text into machine-encoded text.

It is widely used as a form of data entry from some

sort of original paper data source, whether

documents, sales receipts, mail, or any number of

printed records.

It is a common method of digitizing printed texts so

that they can be electronically searched, stored

more compactly, displayed on-line, and used in

machine processes such as machine translation,

text-to-speech. OCR is a field of research in

pattern recognition, artificial intelligence and

computer vision.

OPTICAL CHARACTER

READER

Scenario I

Scanning of passports at airport

Scanning Mechanism at

passport office

Optical Mark Recognition Reader

OMR

Optical Mark reading (OMR) is a method of entering data into a computer system.

Optical Mark Readers "read" pencil or pen marks made in pre-defined positions on paper forms as responses to questions or tick list prompts.

The OMR data entry system contains the information to convert the presence or absence of marks into a computer data file.

OMR is a different technology from apparently similar automated data entry techniques, such as Optical Character Recognition (OCR) or barcodes, although in many cases these techniques may be used in conjunction with OMR.

OMR mechanism in

questionnaire The correct answer to

question1is E.

OMR software is

programmed to detect

position of all the shaded

regions on the paper.

If a shaded region is

detected in position

E(and no other position)

for question1,it will award

a mark.

Comparison of OCR with OMR

OCR OMR Extracts image data from

scanned document

Text produced is not

always accurate

especially if original

document has smudged

text

Much suitable for visual

impaired people who will

use text to speech

softawre

Extracts data from

specially prepared data

collection form

Forms can only be read

accurately if marks are

nicely filled.

Extremely fast method of

input data as marks are

only needed to be

detected

MICR

Magnetic ink character recognition

Magnetic Ink Character Recognition, or MICR, is a character recognition technology used primarily by the banking industry to facilitate the processing of cheques.

The technology allows computers to read information (such as account numbers) off of printed documents.

Unlike barcodes or similar technologies, however, MICR codes can be easily read by humans.

MICR characters are printed in special typefaces with a magnetic ink or toner

How does MICR reader work

The Bar-code reader

Barcode Readers

It helps keep the pricing more accurate than humans simply keying in a price would.

It also helps a company know exactly how much of an item they have in stock or when they run out of an item, so it helps them keep up with their inventory.

Because it does help the company keep better track on inventory and know exactly what they have and don’t have, it means you are less likely to want an item they are out of because once they are alerted that they are out of something, they can immediately reorder it. It also may save you money for data entry errors on prices.

Scenario 2

Reading barcode at POS

Barcode reader at super

market(POS)1. Every product in super market has a unique number called

called UPC(universal product code)

2. This code represents manufecturer and individual product in the form of vertical bars called BAR CODE

3. The zebra stripes can be sensed and read by a bar code reader ,a photoelectric scanner that reads the code with the help of laser

4. The laser Scanner is fixed to every POS which is equipped with

a processor and decoding software.

5. This sends a signal to the computer of POS for each decoded character

6. When a bar code reader is passed over a barcode it identifies the product to the store ‘s computer

7. The code does not contain price .Price is stored in database which can be changed later

8. The computer automatically tells the POS terminal what price is,and printer prints the item description and price on a paper for customer

Pros and cons

Advantages Disadvantages Primarily used in super

markets

Inexpensive and reliable

way to get data into

computer

Indispensible for

inventory systems

Difficult to read obscured

marks

CASE STUDY

In Brisbane ,Australia a bar code reader is used by the company “The Australian Red cross” for verification of blood type labels. See the picture and suggest how would be it helpful for this industry

RIFD Tag Reader

Products having RFID tags

Radio Frequency Identification Tag Reader

An RFID reader is a device that is used

to interrogate an RFID tag. The reader

has an antenna that emits radio waves;

the tag responds by sending back its

data.

Components of RFID reader

A Radio-Frequency IDentification

system has three parts

: A scanning antenna

A transceiver with a decoder to

interpret the data

A transponder - the RFID tag - that

has been programmed with

information.

What is RFID process??????

Transceive

r

Transpond

er

Working of RFID

The scanning antenna puts out radio-

frequency signals in a relatively short

range.

The RF radiation does two things:

1.It provides a means of communicating

with the transponder (the RFID tag)

1I.It provides the RFID tag with the

energy to communicate

Process continued

When an RFID tag passes through the

field of the scanning antenna, it

detects the activation signal from the

antenna. That "wakes up" the RFID

chip, and it transmits the information

on its microchip to be picked up by the

scanning antenna.

RFID codes

Electronic product code(EPC) stored in

RFID tag has 96 bits ----------2^96 possible

codes

Out of 96 28 are reserved for identifying

upto 2^28 managers of item (maufecturer)

Another 24 bits are reserved for identifying

upto 2^24 classes of item(products)

Remaining 36 items are reserved for seriel

numbers 2^36 instances of each item

Facts about RFID tags

RFID tags do not need to contain

batteries, and can therefore remain

usable for very long periods of time

(maybe decades).

The scanning antennas can be

permanently affixed to a surface

(1)Radio tags are placed on a carton

(2)Dairy ship

cartons to

grocery stores

(3) Customers

purchase tag

cartons (4) Customers recycle milk carton

(5)Manufecturer

produces

replacement

Applications of RFID

technology Merchandise

Library books

Vehicles for parking & toll charges

Hotel room keycards

Documents

Baggage and luggage at airports

PROS & CONS

Advantages Disadvantages In stock control

At super market check

outs

Product recall....tracked

to particular purchaser

More costly tags then

printed barcodes

Unauthorized person can

read RFID tag in transit

Lots of processing is

involved

Imagine that you have brought clothes,

accessories with RFID tags.They

cannot be seen easily or remove

because that would have reduced

security in the shops where you have

brought them.

Q1.Who could track your whereabouts

as you go in and out of shops/public

transports while wearing and carrying

these items?

Q2.How can you shield the tags ?

The Smart Card Reader

Smart Card Readers

A smart card reader is an electronic device

that reads smart cards and can be found in

the following forms:

Some keyboards have a built-in card reader.

External devices and internal drive bay card

reader devices exist for personal computers

(PC).

Some laptop models contain a built-in smart

card reader and/or utilize flash upgradeable

firmware.

Features of smart cards

Debit and credit cards have always a

magnetic stripe on the back.

This magnetic strip the

I. Card number

II. Expiry date

III. PIN(personal identification number)

Chip and Pin

The UK name for an international standard for the use of smart cards to improve security of debit and credit card transactions.

It is equipped with microcontroller chip

embedded in plastic behind electric contact pad

Senario 3

Verifying a card by smart card reader

How does a smart card reader

work?I. User put the card in smart card reader

II. The metal contact pad on the surface of card connects the chip to the reader

III. Cryptographic technique is used to check

IV. that card is authentic and has not expired

V. User enters four digit PIN code by numeric keypad on the reader

VI. PIN is encrypted and checked against encrypted PIN stored in the chip.

VII. If match is made payment is authorized

Smart cards with chip

Benefits of smart cards

Buying good and services

Card storing e-cash(e-shopping)

Cards storing holder’s medical record

Driving licence cards

Id cards

Points to remember

Smart card sometimes are contactless

they use similar technology like RFID

Where security is not so important

there could be card without a

microprocessor

having non-volatile memory

Pros &Cons

Advantages Disadvantages Difficult to clone

If PIN is shared or seen

Card can be stolen

Hometask

Two barcode systems in commercial use

are

EuropeanArticleNumber(EAN)

&

Universal Product Code(UPC)

Q.Find out the possible difference

between them