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User Experience Design
Understanding Information Architecture
Praveen Verma
Twitter: @praveenkvma
http://www.deignprevails.blogspot.com
Mars…&^%*???
May 12, 2006
202/21/07
And now they say it is the closest that Information Architecture has come to IT.
Soon it will become necessary part of standard software development process.
KEANE
Information ArchitectureA Story
Information Architecture (IA)
Interaction Design (ID)
Information Design (ID too)
User-centered Design (UCD)
User-interface Design (UI)
Usability/Usability Engineering (UE)
Human Factors Engineering (HFE)
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The Problem
502/21/07
The Solution
Questions
Answers
Users• audience types• information needs
Content• scope and volume• structure• metadata
Business Context• strategy• resources• culture / politics• workflow
Interaction Interface IA
Info. Architecture: Organization, Labeling, Navigation Structures, & Optimizing Searching Systems
602/21/07
The Solution
Personal Digital Assistant
SynonymsHandheld Computer
"Alternate" SpellingsPersenal Digitel Asistent
Abbreviations / AcronymsPDA
Broader TermsWireless, Computers
Narrower TermsPalmPilot, PocketPC
Related TermsWindowsCE, Cell Phones
Documents and Applications
Users
Communication Chasm
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Understanding Information Architecture Topology
Information architecture though deals with Business and Technology but the heart of it lies in advocating Users needs.
Users Business
Technology
Information Architecture
Business Analysis
System Analysis
802/21/07
Understanding Information Architecture Components
Information Design
Information Organization
Interaction Design
Findability
Unders
tandabilit
y
Usab
ility
Intranets, Web applications,
websites, software, etc.
902/21/07
Understanding Information Architecture Components
Metadata, Controlled Vocabulary
Navigation structures, Taxonomy, Content
Follow industry
best practices, W3C standards,
Accessibility
Findability
Unders
tandabilit
y
Usab
ility
1002/21/07
… and some more components
The art and science of structuring and organizing information systems to help people achieve their goals.
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Why is IA Important?
Cost of finding (time, frustration)
Cost of not finding (bad decisions, alternate channels)
Cost of construction (staff, technology, planning, bugs)
Cost of maintenance (content management, redesigns)
Cost of training (employees, turnover)
Value of brand (identity, reputation, trust)
- Information architects assist business analysts to identify user-based requirements.
- IAs are responsible for how users interpret and interact with information, freeing up visual designers to concentrate on visual design elements and programmers to concentrate on code.
- Long before programming begins, IAs investigate customers and their needs and they factor business strategy and technology resources into solutions. This reduces the need later in the project to throw away code that doesn't work for customers.
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Responsibilities
User Research
Increase Revenues by Innovative Solutions (online advertising, cross selling)
Strategic Positioning
Product Innovation
Taxonomy
Usability
Usability Testing
Comparative Studies
Information Visualization
Task Analysis
etc…
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User Research
1402/21/07
User Research
Study the emerging market (India as pilot) to describe the cultural context, identify user needs and generate new business and product ideas.
How things might be different in the future compared with the present.
How things are today, and also how current technology is actually used.
1502/21/07
Intelligent Innovation
1602/21/07
User Research, Product Innovation, and Positioning
Eduwise for Intel: Intel’s small notebook PC design for students, code-named “Eduwise,” is the result of extensive ethnographic research to provide an affordable, collaborative learning environment specifically for teachers and young students in developing communities.
1702/21/07
Strategic positioning
Strategic positioning determines who the customers are and what should be told about the product or service to get them to buy from you.
Finding the right target and message to build your marketing plan can be crucial in the success of your product.
1802/21/07
Strategic Positioning
Project Requirement:Create market segmentation for middle-tier Indian market, identify and characterize corresponding personas, and deliver an e-persona tool.
Parameters considered:SEC, ownership, income, urban vs. rural, attitudes towards technology and consumption.
Techniques:Cluster analysis, affinity diagrams, extensive interviewing (with few games & exercises), and use of secondary research like income surveys.
E-persona tool
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Increase Revenues by Innovative Solutions – Cross Selling
2002/21/07
Increase Revenues by Innovative Solutions – Online Advertising
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Increase Revenues by Innovative Solutions – Online Advertising
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Increase Revenues by Innovative Solutions – Navigation
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Increase Revenues by Innovative Solutions – Navigation
2402/21/07
Taxonomy: Metadata
Metadata: Attributes that describe a content object
Example Metadata Record: Compact Disc (Amazon.com)
Attributes Attribute Values
Title Symphonies nos 35-41
Composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Conductor Karl Böhm
Ensemble Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra
Genre Classical
Date Recorded January 23, 1996
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Taxonomy: It’s just a Camera
Narrow by Brand Nikon (315) Canon (251) Sony (247) Olympus (226) Panasonic (162) Kodak (162) Fuji (150) Mizco (96) Hewlett-Packard (94) Samsung (85) Pentax (82) Vivitar (72)
Narrow by Seller Amazon.com (1,142) Adorama Camera (619) Ace Digital Club (494) Wall Street Photo (434) Cameta Camera (315) Beach Audio (309) TheFactoryDepot (289) ANTOnline (285) J&R Music and Computer World (254) Target (218) BlueZodiac (184) 17th Street Photo (178)
Narrow by Price $0-$24 (648) $25-$49 (417) $50-$99 (643) $100-$199 (904) $200-$499 (853) $500-$999 (287) $1000-$1999 (138) $2000-$4999 (28) $5000-$9999 (4)
Narrow by Megapixels 1.9 MP & Under (190) 2 to 2.9 MP (123) 3 to 3.9 MP (237) 4 to 4.9 MP (190) 5 to 5.9 MP (371) 6 MP & Up (780)
Narrow by Optical Zoom 1.9x & Under (363) 2.0x to 3.9x (1,061) 4.0x to 5.9x (143) 6x to 9.9x (89) 10x to 19x (144)
Narrow by Display Size 1.9 in. & Under (770) 2 to 2.9 in. (927) 3 to 4.9 in. (60) 5 to 9.9 in. (1) 20 to 29 in. (1)
Narrow by Image Stabilization None (1,522) Optical (238) Electronic (72) Yes (Super SteadyShot) (2) Digital Image Stabilization (1)
Narrow by Viewfinder Type Optical (1,074) None (602) LCD (198) Eye level Porro Mirror type Optical View Finder (15) Eye level Penta Dach Mirror type Optical View Finder (8) Real-image optical zoom viewfinder (3) Fixed-eye level penta-Dach mirror type; built-in diopter adjustment (-1.7 to +0.5m-1) (3) Optical Zoom viewfinder (2) Real-image optical viewfinder (1) Pentaprism SLR viewfinder with Diopter adjust (-3dpt to + 1.5dpt) (1) Eye-level SLR with fixed pentaprism and Dioptric Adjustment Correction (1)
Brand, Seller, Price, MP, Zoom, LCD, Image Stabilization, Viewfinder
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Taxonomy: Classification and Term Relationships
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Task Analysis
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Task Analysis cont…
2902/21/07
Complex Projects (information visualization)
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Handheld Devices (interaction flow design)
Sample Bluetooth print flow
Image print specification
Template
%Print Size
%Print Number
Print Options
Image print preview
▼▲
Sent print job
Image sent to the printing device.
Image print specification
□ Image 1
□ Image 2
□ Image 3
Select Cancel
select
3102/21/07
Interaction (Error Messages)
3202/21/07
Deliverables
User Need Matrix: A document to capture user needs of various site users and prioritize them accordingly.
• Value Addition
• Ensures that all user requirements are captured
•Helps in prioritizing user needs and therefore helps in prioritizing page elements
• Creates a snapshot view of the user eco-system
3302/21/07
Deliverables
Site Map
• Value Addition
• Provides the high level snapshopt view and relationship between pages of the site.
•Helps in restructuring the deep hierarchies.
3402/21/07
Deliverables
Personas: A persona is a user archetype to help guide decisions about product features, navigation, interactions, and even visual design
• Value Addition
• Demographics
• Psychographics
• Environmental
3502/21/07
Deliverables
Scenarios: Scenarios help you identify your visitors' goals by helping you develop a better idea of their problems and how they relate to your firm's solutions.
• Value Addition
• Identify the specific information that various categories of visitors are interested in
• Provides holistic view to the task flow
• Helps in prioritizing the information needs of the customers
3602/21/07
Deliverables
Wireframes
• Value Addition
• Saves lot of time
• Ideas can be presented without coding
• Helps in validating page elements and structure with the user.
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Deliverables
Usability Testing: Preparing Protocol, Conducting, and Reporting
• Value Addition
• Saves unnecessary effort and time
• Helps in convincing the clients
3802/21/07
Deliverables: The Process
Holistic View of the Process
Site Map User Need Matrix Home Page Scenarios and Use cases
Low Fidelity WireframesHigh Fidelity HTML WireframesVisual Design
