Upa Conference Loic Nunez 18 June2008

June 2008 – UPA Conference

Loic Nunez

Loïc Nunez

June, 2008 – UPA Conference

Ergonomics & Accessibility :WCAG 1.0 checkpoints illustrated by Bastien-Scapin’s ergonomics criteria


Loic Nunez

- Speaker

Use cases

Merging WCAG 1.0 & Scapin-Bastien's criteria

An extended approach to website auditing

Questions & Answers

Summary


Loic Nunez

Summary

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Loïc NUNEZUser experience group Manager, TechSolCom

Member of AccessibilitéWeb

Msc. in Cognitive Ergonomics

Msc. in Social Psychology

Certified Accessibility Expert

http://www.accessibiliteweb.com/


Loic Nunez

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Speaker

Use cases



Questions & Answers

Summary


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Before presenting use cases What does Web Accessibiity mean?

• Web Accessibility means that people with disabilities can use the Web (WAI)

• The W3C , in 1999, had edited a list of 65 criteria, separated in 3 levels:


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Use Case 1/7 Positioning content

Situation The price does not appear when users zoom the page

Magnified by 5

Best PracticeAlways closely group call to action with pertinent information


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Use Case 2/7 Three level menu

Situation The reader is overwhelmed by too many levels in the menu

Best PracticeLimit menu to two levels


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Use Case 3/7 Contrasts

Situation The contrast level defeats the purpose of the call to action

Best PracticeSimply increase contrast


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Use Case 3/7 Contrasts

Situation The contrast level defeats the purpose of the call to actions

Best PracticeProvide a tool with choice of backgrounds


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Use Case 4/7 Fonts size

Situation Users may have difficultyreading content due to font size

Best PracticeInclude a font size tool


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Use Case 5/7 Collapsed list

Situation Too many users miss this type of pull down menu

Best PracticeClearly identify the collopsed list


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Use Case 6/7 Long texts

Situation Long texts are difficult to read on a web page, and even more so when users zoom the page

Best PracticeProvide columns for long texts

Magnified by 5


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- Methodology

Findings

Use Case 7/7 Top 200 accessible Web sites of 2007 in Quebec

Online studyhttp://www.accessibiliteweb.com/projets/evaluations/triennale-2007/en/

The assessment followed the level AA

A sample of 3 pages were considered:Home page, landing page and page with tables or forms

The most popular Canadian Web sites were selected

The assessment combined automatic, semi-automatic and manual evaluations


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-Methodology

Findings

Use Case 7/7 Top 200 accessible Web sites of 2007 in Quebec

Online studyhttp://www.accessibiliteweb.com/projets/evaluations/triennale-2007/en/

Only 15% of Web sites assessed had an acceptable Web accessibility level.

This study means that 85% of Web sites probably do not cater to the needs of your target audience

Developing accessible Web sites help everyone of us to be a better citizen


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Summary

Speaker

Use cases



Questions & Answers


Loic Nunez

Merged WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criteria

Guidance User Guidance refers to the means available to advise, orient, inform, instruct, and guide the users throughout their interactions with a computer

Guidance User Guidance refers to the means available to advise, orient, inform, instruct, and guide the users throughout their interactions with a computer

Ergonomic Criteria for the Evaluation ofHuman-Computer Interfaces

http://hal.inria.fr/inria-00070012

Guidance


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Guidance

WorkloadWorkload

The Workload criterion concerns all interface elements that play a role in the reduction of the users’ perceptual or cognitive load, and in the increase of the dialogue efficiency.

This criterion is subdivided into two criteria: - Brevity - Information Density.


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Explicit Control The criterion Explicit Control concerns both the system processing of explicit user actions, and the control users have on the processing of their actions by the system.

This criterion is subdivided into two criteria: - Explicit User Action - User Control.



Guidance

Workload

Explicit Control


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Adaptability

The adaptability of a system refers to its capacity to behave contextually and according to the users’ needs and preferences.

The criterion Adaptability is subdivided into two criteria: - Flexibility - User Experience.



Guidance

Workload

Explicit Control

Adaptability


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Error Management The Error Management criterion refers to the

means available to prevent or reduce errors and to recover from them when they occur. Errors are defined in this context as invalid data entry, invalid format for data entry, incorrect command syntax, etc.

This criterion is subdivided into three criteria: - Error Protection - Quality of Error Messages - Error Correction.



Guidance

Workload

Explicit Control

Adaptability

Error Management


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Consistency The Consistency criterion refers to the way

interface design choices (codes, naming, formats, procedures, etc.) are maintained in similar contexts, and are different when applied to different contexts.



Guidance

Workload

Explicit Control

Adaptability

Error Management

Consistency


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Significance of codes

The Significance of Codes criterion qualifies the relationship between a term and/or a sign and its reference. Codes and names are significant to the users when there is a strong semantic relationship between such codes and the items or actions they refer to.



Guidance

Workload

Explicit Control

Adaptability

Error Management

Consistency



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Compatibility The Compatibility criterion refers to the match between users’

characteristics (memory, perceptions, customs, skills, age, expectations, etc.) and task characteristics on the one hand, and the organisation of the output, input, and dialogue for a given application, on the other hand. This criterion also concerns the coherence between environments and between applications.



Guidance

Workload

Explicit Control

Adaptability

Error Management

Consistency


Compatibility


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Accessibility directives & how they relate to usability principles

– WCAG 1.0 rules and checkpoints reorganized– WCAG 1.0 checkpoints classified by themes




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WCAG 1.0 themesStructure Structure

Such as: Semantic information to pages and sites (title tag), header elements to convey document structure (h1 to h6), etc.

Merged with Bastien-Scapin’s criteria

Guidance &Consistency

accessibiliteweb.org (FR)http://www.accessibiliteweb.org/bdc/directives/theme/


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WCAG 1.0 themesTextual Equivalents

Structure Textual Equivalent

Such as: Providing text equivalent for every non-text element like images, imagemaps, animations, etc. (in the form of alt, title or longdesc attributes), etc.


Consistency



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WCAG 1.0 themes

Multimedia Content

Textual Equivalents

Structure Multimedia Content

Such as: Providing text equivalent for every non-text element like animations, video, audio, applets, downloadable documents, etc. (with appropriate means), etc.


Consistency



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WCAG 1.0 themes

Forms

Multimedia Content

Textual Equivalents

Structure Forms

Such as: Creating explicit associations between labels and form controls, dividing large blocks of information into more manageable groups, etc.


Guidance, Explicit Control, Error Management & Significance of codes



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WCAG 1.0 themes

Tables

Forms

Multimedia Content

Textual Equivalents

Structure Tables

Such as: Identifying row and column headers for data tables, associating data cells and header cells with proper markup, not using tables for layout unless the table makes sense when linearized, etc.


Guidance, Workload, Adaptability & Significance of codes



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WCAG 1.0 themes

Page Layout

Tables

Forms

Multimedia Content

Textual Equivalents

Structure Page Layout

Such as: Using CSS to control layout and presentation, organizing documents so they may be read without CSS, ensuring that all information conveyed with color is also available without color, etc.


Adaptability



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WCAG 1.0 themes


Validation

Page Layout

Tables

Forms

Multimedia Content

Textual Equivalents

Structure Validation

Such as: Creating documents that validate to published formal grammars, avoiding deprecated features of W3C technologies, etc.


N ̸ A


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WCAG 1.0 themes

Interactivity

Validation

Page Layout

Tables

Forms

Multimedia Content

Textual Equivalents

Structure Interactivity

Such as: Ensuring that pages are usable when scripts, applets, or other programmatic objects are turned off or not supported, ensuring that equivalents for dynamic content are updated when the dynamic content changes, etc.


Guidance, Consistency & Compatibility



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WCAG 1.0 themes

Navigation

Interactivity

Validation

Page Layout

Tables

Forms

Multimedia Content

Textual Equivalents

Structure Navigation

Such as: Using navigation mechanisms in a consistent manner, not using markup to redirect pages automatically, not creating periodically auto-refreshing pages, etc.


Guidance, Workload & Consistency



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WCAG 1.0 themes

Comprehension

Navigation

Interactivity

Validation

Page Layout

Tables

Forms

Multimedia Content

Textual Equivalents

Structure Comprehension

Such as: Using the clearest and simplest language appropriate for a site's content, clearly identifying changes in the natural language of a document's text and any text equivalents, etc.


Workload & Significance of codes



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WCAG 1.0 themes

Frames

Comprehension

Navigation

Interactivity

Validation

Page Layout

Tables

Forms

Multimedia Content

Textual Equivalents

Structure Frames

Such as: Titling each frame to facilitate frame identification and navigation, describing the purpose of frames and how frames relate to each other if it is not obvious by frame titles alone, etc.


Explicit Control



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Merged summary of criteria & themes relationship

Guidance

Workload

Explicit Control

Adaptability

Error Management

Consistency


Compatibility

Structure – Forms –Tables – Links – Colors – Interactivity - Navigation

Forms – Tables – Multimedia content – Navigation - Comprehension

Interactivity – Multimedia content – Forms - Frames

Tables – Page Layout –Multimedia content

Forms – User controls

Structure – Text equivalent – Interactivity – Navigation - Colors

Forms – Tables - Comprehension

Multimedia content – Interactivity

Bastien-Scapin’s criteria WCAG 1.0 Themes


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Summary

Speaker

Use cases



Questions & Answers


Loic Nunez

An extended approach to Website auditing• Conduct an ergonomics audit based on Scapin-Bastien's criteria• Conduct an accessibility audit based on the WCAG 1.0 checkpoints• Integrate the results of both analysis in one referential document• Make recommendations on the ergonomics quality of a website,

including technical qualities related to accessibility checkpoints that are not related to ergonomics (CSS validation, alts attributes, etc.)

• Plan user testing with specific participants: disabilities, senior, young and all relevant target audiences

• Compile expert analysis and user testing results in order to propose realistic, applicable improvement solutions that answer to the users‘ needs and meet their capabilities in regards to the application or website.


Loic Nunez

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Summary

Speaker

Use cases


An extended approach to websaite auditing

Questions & Answers


Loic Nunez

Questions & AnswersThank you for your attention. Any questions?Thank you for your attention. Any questions?

Patrice DOONAN Coachingwww.snickersdoonan.com

Thanks to: Lucile VERRECCHIA Design presentation http://lucile.verrecchia.free.fr [email protected]

Denis BOUDREAU AccessibilitéWeb case studywww.accessibiliteweb.org

http://www.snickersdoonan.com/

http://lucile.verrecchia.free.fr/

http://lucile.verrecchia.free.fr/

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.accessibiliteweb.org/