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Paper presentation for IASDR conference Tokyo 2013. Simplicity by Metaphor - How to apply metaphor to achieve simplicity in interaction design. Paper by Lixia Zhang and Heekyoung Jung.
Citation preview
byMetaphor
Simplicity
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
How to apply metaphorto achieve simplicityin interaction design
Experimental Design on:
SIMPLICITY
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
SimplicityWhat is
SimplicityWhat is
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
SimplicityWhat is
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
SimplicityWhat is
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
SimplicityWhat is
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
“Breakfast Maker”the
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
SimplicityWhat is
Function Appearance
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
SimplicityWhat is
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
SimplicityWhat is
SUBTITLE
DIRECT NAVIGATOR
RETURNFUNCTIONS
TOP MENU MENU
ENTER
AUDIO ANGLE/PAGE SETUP
PLAY LIST
PLAYMODE PLAY SPEED ZOOM GROUP
PLAY
SLOW SEARCHSKIP
CANCEL QUICK REPLAY
MANUAL SKIP
DEPTH ENHANCER
MULTIRE-MASTER
ADVANCEDDISC REVIEW
AVENHANCER REPEAT
FL SELECTQUICK OSD OPEN/CLOSE
PAUSESTOP
100
7 8 9
4 5 6
1 2 3
MENU
Memorize
Don Norman The complexity of Simplicity
SimplicityWhat is
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
SUBTITLE
DIRECT NAVIGATOR
RETURNFUNCTIONS
TOP MENU MENU
ENTER
AUDIO ANGLE/PAGE SETUP
PLAY LIST
PLAYMODE PLAY SPEED ZOOM GROUP
PLAY
SLOW SEARCHSKIP
CANCEL QUICK REPLAY
MANUAL SKIP
DEPTH ENHANCER
MULTIRE-MASTER
ADVANCEDDISC REVIEW
AVENHANCER REPEAT
FL SELECTQUICK OSD OPEN/CLOSE
PAUSESTOP
100
7 8 9
4 5 6
1 2 3
MENU
SimplicityWhat is
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
Don Norman The complexity of Simplicity
SUBTITLE
DIRECT NAVIGATOR
RETURNFUNCTIONS
TOP MENU MENU
ENTER
AUDIO ANGLE/PAGE SETUP
PLAY LIST
PLAYMODE PLAY SPEED ZOOM GROUP
PLAY
SLOW SEARCHSKIP
CANCEL QUICK REPLAY
MANUAL SKIP
DEPTH ENHANCER
MULTIRE-MASTER
ADVANCEDDISC REVIEW
AVENHANCER REPEAT
FL SELECTQUICK OSD OPEN/CLOSE
PAUSESTOP
100
7 8 9
4 5 6
1 2 3
SimplicityWhat is
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
PerceivedSimplicity
Don Norman The complexity of Simplicity
SimplicityWhat is
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
OperationalSimplicity
MENU
PerceivedSimplicity
OperationalSimplicity
SimplicityWhat is
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
Don Norman The complexity of Simplicity
MENU
Gestalt PsychologyReduction Hierarchy(Hiding)
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
MethodsDesign
Metaphor was originally defined in linguistics as a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable. The essence of metaphor is to understand and experience one kind of thing in terms of another.
MetaphorWhat is
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung JungLixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
MetaphorWhat is
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
As Lakoff and Johnson have argued that metaphor is the foundation of the conceptual system. It is foundation of how we understand things around us.
ColorGraphical
Shape
Digital
Display
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
Applied to DesignMetaphor
ColorGraphical
Shape
Digital
Display
Graphical Manipulation}
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
Applied to DesignMetaphor
TextureShape
&
Size
Operation Physical
Feedback
Applied to DesignMetaphor
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
TextureShape
&
Size
Operation
Physical Manipulation
Physical
Feedback}Applied to DesignMetaphor
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
Relationship: Abstract
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
Applied to DesignMetaphor
Relationship: Descriptive
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
Applied to DesignMetaphor
Relationship: Descriptive
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
Applied to DesignMetaphor
Me
tap
ho
r Ma
nip
ula
tion
Gra
ph
ica
l
Abstract Descriptive
Phys
ica
l
Metaphor Representation
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
Applied to DesignMetaphor
1 2
3 4
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
MetaphorExperiment on
Alarm
Clock
Radio
MetaphorExperiment on
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
MetaphorExperiment on
Me
tap
ho
r Ma
nip
ula
tion
Gra
ph
ica
l
Abstract
Face
Dial Phone
Analogue Clock
Bottle Cap
See Saw
Zipper
Descriptive
Phys
ica
l
Metaphor Representation
MetaphorExperiment on
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
Graphical
Abstract
Face Analogue Clock Dial Phone
MetaphorExperiment on
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
Graphical
Descriptive
Face Analogue Clock Dial Phone
MetaphorExperiment on
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
Physical
Bottle Cap See Saw Zipper
Abstract
MetaphorExperiment on
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
Physical
Bottle Cap See Saw Zipper
Descriptive
MetaphorExperiment on
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
The clock looks like analogue clock.
The clock looks like a face.
The clock looks like dial phone.
MetaphorExperiment on
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
Noun
The clock operates like seesaw.
The clock operates like bottle cap.
The clock operates like zipper.
MetaphorExperiment on
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
Verb
Overall perceptual simplicity
Representational efficiency
Engaging appearance
Perceived learnability
Perceived predictability
Perceived simplicity of alarm setting control
Accuracy in prediction ofworkflow
Confidence in prediction
Operational simplicity based on perception
Metaphoric implication
1. The model looks simple to use
8. The functional controls of the alarm are obvious
9. The alarm clock’s interface looks inviting
4. The alarm clock’s interface looks easy to learn
5. I know how to interact with the alarm by observing the model
2. The interaction of the alarm looks simple
6. Set alarm A to 9 o’clock in the morning and read what time is alarm B set
7. I am confident that my answer above would accomplish the task
3. How do you rate the simplicity of the workflow?
10. What does the model remind you of?
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
MetaphorExperiment on
1. Overall perceivedsimplicity
AbastractGraphical
DescriptiveGraphical
AbstractPhysical
DescriptivePhysical
ControlGroup
78%
77%
78%
82%
75%
81%
70%
78%
75%
65%
72%
80%
75%
73%
82%
72%
73%
72%
72%
69%
66%
79%
73%
73%
70%
74%
60%
77%
77%
78%
78%
80%
80%
73%
72%
75%
82%
87%
85%
83%
77%
80%
82%
85%
87%
2. Alarm control perceived simplicity
3. Operational simplicityby perception
4. Perceived learnability
5. Perceived predictability
6. Accuracy in predictedwork�ow
7. Con�dence
8. Representationale�ciency
9. Engaging appearance
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
Findings
Gra
ph
ica
l
Abstract Descriptive
Phys
ica
l
1 2
3 4
Tuck your chin into your chest, and then lift your chin upward as far as possible. 6-10 repetitions Lower your left ear toward your left shoulder and then your right ear toward your right shoulder. 6-10 repetitions.
Roller, C. (2011). How cognitive fluency affects decision making. UXmatters.
Tuck your chin into your chest, and then lift your chin upward as far as possible. 6-10 repetitions Lower your left ear toward your left shoulder and then your right ear toward your right shoulder. 6-10 repetitions.
Cognitive FluencyWhat is
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
1. Overall perceivedsimplicity
AbastractGraphical
DescriptiveGraphical
AbstractPhysical
DescriptivePhysical
ControlGroup
78%
77%
78%
82%
75%
81%
70%
78%
75%
65%
72%
80%
75%
73%
82%
72%
73%
72%
72%
69%
66%
79%
73%
73%
70%
74%
60%
77%
77%
78%
78%
80%
80%
73%
72%
75%
82%
87%
85%
83%
77%
80%
82%
85%
87%
2. Alarm control perceived simplicity
3. Operational simplicityby perception
4. Perceived learnability
5. Perceived predictability
6. Accuracy in predictedwork�ow
7. Con�dence
9. Engaging appearance
Descriptive metaphor could not help in distinguishing the alarm controls from rest of the functions.
8. The functional controls of the alarm are obvious
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
Findings
Gra
ph
ica
l
Abstract Descriptive
Phys
ica
l
1 2
3 4
1. Overall perceivedsimplicity
AbastractGraphical
DescriptiveGraphical
AbstractPhysical
DescriptivePhysical
ControlGroup
78%
77%
78%
82%
75%
81%
70%
78%
75%
65%
72%
80%
75%
73%
82%
72%
73%
72%
72%
69%
66%
79%
73%
73%
70%
74%
60%
77%
77%
78%
78%
80%
80%
73%
72%
75%
82%
87%
85%
83%
77%
80%
82%
85%
87%
2. Alarm control perceived simplicity
4. Perceived learnability
5. Perceived predictability
6. Accuracy in predictedwork�ow
7. Con�dence
8. Representationale�ciency
9. Engaging appearance
3. How do you rate the simplicity of the work�ow?
The control of all models contain 3 steps, their operational simplicity are the same, but people perceive them differently.
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
Findings
Gra
ph
ica
l
Abstract Descriptive
Phys
ica
l
1 2
3 4
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
Findings
1. Overall perceivedsimplicity
AbastractGraphical
DescriptiveGraphical
AbstractPhysical
DescriptivePhysical
ControlGroup
78%
77%
78%
82%
75%
81%
78%
75%
65%
72%
80%
75%
73%
82%
72%
73%
72%
72%
69%
66%
79%
73%
70%
74%
60%
77%
77%
78%
78%
80%
80%
73%
72%
75%
82%
87%
85%
83%
77%
80%
85%
87%
2. Alarm control perceived simplicity
3. Operational simplicityby perception
4. Perceived learnability
5. Perceived predictability
6. Accuracy in predicted work�ow
8. Representationale�ciency
9. Engaging appearance
Accuracy in predicted workflow
1 2 3 41 2
34
Confidence in prediction
Tester’s acuracy were similar in all experiment groups. However, their confidence varies.
7. I am con�dent that my answer above would accomplish the task
70%
73%
82%
Gra
ph
ica
l
Abstract Descriptive
Phys
ica
l
1 2
3 4
Findings
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
1. Overall perceivedsimplicity
AbastractGraphical
DescriptiveGraphical
AbstractPhysical
DescriptivePhysical
ControlGroup
78%
77%
78%
82%
75%
81%
70%
78%
75%
65%
72%
80%
75%
73%
82%
72%
73%
72%
72%
69%
66%
79%
73%
73%
70%
74%
60%
77%
77%
78%
78%
80%
80%
73%
72%
75%
82%
87%
85%
83%
77%
80%
82%
85%
87%
2. Alarm control perceived simplicity
3. Operational simplicityby perception
4. Perceived learnability
5. Perceived predictability
6. Accuracy in predictedwork�ow
7. Con�dence
8. Representationale�ciency
9. Engaging appearance
Tester’s confidence dropped in most groups except for the Abstract Physical group.G
rap
hic
al
Abstract Descriptive
Phys
ica
l
1 2
3 4
Conclusion
Me
tap
ho
r Ma
nip
ula
tion
Gra
ph
ica
l
Abstract Descriptive
Phys
ica
l
Metaphor Representation
Overall perceptual simplicity
Representational efficiency
Engaging appearance
Perceived learnability
Perceived predictability
Perceived simplicity of alarm setting control
Accuracy in prediction ofworkflow
Confidence in prediction
Operational simplicity based on perception
Metaphoric implication
1. The model looks simple to use
8. The functional controls of the alarm are obvious
9. The alarm clock’s interface looks inviting
4. The alarm clock’s interface looks easy to learn
5. I know how to interact with the alarm by observing the model
2. The interaction of the alarm looks simple
6. Set alarm A to 9 o’clock in the morning and read what time is alarm B set
7. I am confident that my answer above would accomplish the task
3. How do you rate the simplicity of the workflow?
10. What does the model remind you of?
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
MetaphorExperiment on
Me
tap
ho
r Ma
nip
ula
tion
Gra
ph
ica
l
Abstract Descriptive
Phys
ica
l
Metaphor Representation
Noun
Verb
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
Conclusion
Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung
Conclusion
Me
tap
ho
r Ma
nip
ula
tion
Gra
ph
ica
l
Abstract Descriptive
Phys
ica
l
Metaphor Representation
Thank you