PERIODS AND STYLES

STYLE

GOTHIC

(TO 1620)

BAROQUE

(1620-1700)

ROCOCO

(1700-60)

NEOCLASSICAL

(1760-1830)

ECLECTIC

(1830-80)

ARTS &

CRAFTS

(1800- 1900)

ART

NOUVEA

U (1900-20)

ART

DECO

(1920-40)

GREAT BRITAIN AND

IRELAND

JACOBEAN

CAROL-EAN

CO

MM

ON

WE

A

LT

H

RE

ST

OR

AT

ION

WILLIAM & MARY

QU

EE

N A

NN

E

EA

RL

Y

GE

OR

GIA

N

MID

-

GE

OR

GIA

N

LATE GEORGIAN

REGENCY

VICTORIAN

ED

WA

RD

IAN

UNITED STATES

EARLY COLONIAL (TO 1700)

WIL

LIA

M &

MA

RY

(1700

-25)

QU

EE

N A

NN

E

ST

YL

E

CH

IPP

EN

DA

LE

ST

YL

E

(1755

-80)

FE

DE

RA

L

(1780

-1820)

EMPIRE STYLE (1820-40)

AR

T &

CR

AF

TS

(1880

-1900)

ART NOUVEAU (1900-30)

FRANCE

HE

NR

RI

IV

(15

89

-1610)

LOUIS XIII (1610-43)

LOUIS XIV (1643-1715)

RE

GE

NC

E

(17

15

-23)

LOUIS XV (1723-74)

LO

UIS

XV

I

(17

74

-93

)

DIR

EC

TO

IRE

EM

PIR

E

LO

UIS

XV

III

CH

AR

LE

S X

LO

UIS

-

PH

ILIP

PE

SE

CO

ND

EM

PIR

E (

1848

-

71

)

NA

PO

LE

AN

III

ART NOUVEAU (1900-30)

NORTHERN

EUROPE

RENAISSANCE (TO 1650)

BAROQUE (1650-1730)

RO

CO

CO

(1700

-60)

NEOCLASSICAL (1760-1800)

EM

PIR

E

BIEDERMEIER (1815-48) REVIVALE

(1830-80)

JUGENDSTIL (GERMANY) (1880-1920)

BA

UH

AU

S

(1919

-33)

MEDITERRANEAN

EUROPE

RENAISSANCE (TO 1650) MANNERISM (ITALY)

MOORISH INFLUENCE (SPAIN)

BAROQUE (1650-1730)

CHURRIQUERESQUE (SPAIN)

R

OC

OC

O

(1700-6

0)

NEOCLASSICAL

(1760-1830)

ROMANTIC (ECLECTIC)

(1830-80) REVIVALIST STYLES

ARTS & CRAFTS STILE

LIBERTY 1880-1900

ART

NOUVEAU (1900-20)

ART DECO

(1920-40)

BAROQUE TIME PERIOD

Baroque is an artistic style, prevalent from 1620-1700, the demands for new art resulted in what is now known as the Baroque.

In this time period furniture acquired more luxurious forms and the main features of buildings and other furniture’s were:

Famous chairs were ---- puritan chair, Flemish open armchair etc.

The chairs of baroque time period have high backs mainly Pilgrim slat back, scrolling arms, turned legs and stretchers like double scroll, reversed scroll,

turned twist, double twist type were used, fabric and leather upholstery fixed with brass nails.

High-backed upholstered chairs with wings and an adjustable back were made in the second half of the 17th century and are known as sleeping chairs.

Back of the chair became higher from about 1660 and cane work back was used. Scrolled arm is one of the popular types of arm in the 17th century.

Drop-in-seats were first introduced in the late 17th century

Fringes were particularly popular as a decorative edging in the 17th century, from mid-17

th century fringe designs became more elaborate.

Table Styles ---- court cupboard English oak, 1640; court cupboard Massachusetts, 1680; press cupboard Massachusetts, 1670-1700; in 17th century dressers were

fitted with a frieze of drawers, specialist games table date from the late 17th-century.

Tables of this time period were an important piece of furniture and involve legs like- barley sugar turned, turned, baluster, turned inverted cup, double

scroll, twist turned, and plank edge with square edge, scrolled iron stretchers were also used as common feature.

Decorative features were---- cross banding.

Design detail---- ball foot, bun foot, Bun foot was slightly flattened and was a popular design in the second half of 17th century.

Handles of chest drawers were ---- early drop, simple loop,

In the 17th century frames were either inlaid with marquetry, or elaborately, carved or gilded.

Louis xiv boulle bureau Mazarin

ROCOCO (1700-1760)

Rococo also referred to as "Late Baroque", is an 18th-century style which developed as Baroque artists gave up their symmetry and became increasingly ornate,

florid, and playful. Rococo rooms were designed as total works of art with elegant and ornate furniture, small sculptures, ornamental mirrors, and tapestry

complementing architecture, reliefs, and wall paintings.

Famous chairs were—Queen Anne walnut chair,

This time period chairs have---- cabriole legs, leather wheel castors; fiddle backs, Chippendale ribband back, and Chippendale Chinese back. Scrolling crest rail

above a vase shaped splat and cabriole legs end in pad feet, but later cabriole legs with hipped knee became thicker and ended in ball and claw feet. Fluted stiles

splat carved with scrolling foliage and gilt decoration, were also found on chairs of this period.

Walnut was preferred wood, but later mahogany became popular in the second half of century.

Gross and petit point needlework seat cover were used in mid-18th century .

The term settees and sofas have been used since early 18th century. Settees were of walnut and have decorative details such as shells, lion masks, and ball and claw

feet with stuff over seats. In 18th

-century France, one of the most popular chairs was the ―bergere‖. A deep apron was common.

Ornamentation include designs of Engraved armorial cartouche, The brass-inlaid tortoise shell of boulle’s furniture

Tables have - twist turned legs, cabriole, straight moulded legs and straight banding, cross banding as decorative features for tables.

Pedestal table in the 18th

century do not have frieze and apron. By the mid-18th century leather castors were being used.

There was a triple-flap card table, which can serve as a games, card or tea table dates from the 1720s and has a fifth leg that swings out to support the opened

flaps. Velvet and needle work were used.

Small tables most familiar today evolved in the second-quarter of the 18th century and developed from the candle stands in the 17

th century; like them they stood on

tripod legs. Top of table were dished and carved from one piece of wood. Supper tables have scalloped edges, turned baluster is a common feature. Pad feet, as

well as ball and claw and hoof feet were also common.

Design detail---- ball foot, bracket foot, ode foot, brass with leather discs castors.

Handles of chest drawers were -----split tail, Queen Anne drop, swan neck with pierced backplate

Tables include Bombe commode, serpentine commode, 1750; and trunk shaped coffer from early 18th century.

By the early 18th-century the chest-on-chest or tallboys were introduced. Earlier they were rectangular in shape but later they were also made either serpentine or

bow fronts. Fan carving is the typical detail, ogee bracket feet, bonnet-top carved pediment, handles and escutcheons are typical of American Chippendale

furniture.

Rococo settees

NEOCLASSICAL (1760-1830)

Neoclassicism started in Rome in the 18th century in response to the baroque and rococo movements. Neoclassicism, as the name suggests, is a return to

classicism. Ancient Greek and renaissance art had its impact on the artists of this time.

Chairs have – straight, Adam style, fluted, Sheraton tapered, Marlborough tapered, tapered, saber legs, and spade legs, spade feet. Castors were square cup, tapered

cup, brass, and lion’s paw shaped.

Chair backs were banister, studded leather, federal oval, Hepplewhite shield, Hepplewhite square, Sheraton parlour chair, Sheraton shield shaped. Many chairs

have shield-shaped backs with splats in the form of wheat sheaves, Prince of Wales feathers and lyres, buttoned back were also used.

Decorative Features include---fretwork carving on stiles, serpentine top rail, curved top rail, out curved arms with downswept supports, carved and pierced splat

with gothic arches, the cabriole legs ending in scroll toes and shoe –pieces was carved from a separate piece of wood and attached to the seat rail; Shoe pieces

were not used on chair with oval back. Channeled scrolled arms, seat rail are fluted centered at the front by a patera, channeled inverted-heart-shaped back.,

stylized decoration with animal forms used as supports, bronze and parcel-gilt decoration, painted decoration such as the flowers and floral decoration were used.

Ornate twisted rope stretchers were also found.

Ornamentation includes----anthemion-carved decoration, ram’s heads and paterae.

Stuff over and drop-in-seats were found .Padded upholstered top reflects the 19th century love of comfortable seating. Coiled spring seats appeared in the 1820s.

Leather was probably the oldest‖ fabric‖ for covering the seating furniture. chintz, printed, patterned cotton with glazed finish fabrics were used for upholstery.

Table have straight moulded, fretted, cabriole, tapered, tapered scroll, saber leg, ring turned, square-toe and cup shape castors were used in the late-18th century.

The formerly popular gate-leg table was soon superseded by an improved version known as drop-leaf table. Dining table top is D-shaped , concave sided

platforms between the pedestals.

Ornamentation include – ormolu figures and ormolu wreaths, marquetry work, conch shell medallion, ammonite flower, lotus and acanthus leaves, tulipwood

cross banding, ribbon-tied flowers, serpentine shaped marquetry top, draped urn, fluted guilloche, foliate and egg and dart ornament

In this time period parcel-gilt Pembroke and Tripod tables were famous. pembroke tables have square tapering legs, brass castors.

Torcheres and Gueridons remain popular throughout the 18th century in England and America. Satyr’s hoof feet, reeded and banded feet were typical of Torcheres.

Tables have ----Newport ball and claw, splay foot; square, box and bullnose, square box, tapered socket, lion’s paw, regency foliate box castors.

Handles of chest drawers----- Chinese Chippendale, swan neck, oval with swag motif, squared, round handle with floral backplate, regency lion,

Table styles------- bowfronted serving table, 1820; sideboard, 1780-1800; side board Boston, 1790-1810; serpentine-fronted sideboard Newport,

Rhode island, 1790-1800; low dresser, 1780-1800; sideboard table, 1780; Bowfront commode, 1780-1800.

Dressers and buffets have square tapering legs end in spade feet, Frieze are carved with a floral and ribbon swag with a rosette at the center, classical

style urns top the square tapering legs.

Side board styles of 1825 has heavier pedestal, bronze decoration of vine leaves and clusters on the back rail and the flattened pedestals end in paw

feet.

Chippendale walnut chair

ECLECTIC (1830-1880)

Legs—reeded

Castors—gilt metal, plain toe

Chair back—rococo revival, renaissance revival

Rectangular back were replaced by one that was ―balloon‖ shaped , stuff over seats. Oak became common wood, rosewood was also used, elaborately shaped and

carved waisted backs, d- shaped seats have a serpentine front rail, cabriole legs end in French foot, crenellated top rail and foliate finials , foliate spandrels were

typical of gothic revival style, pierced trefoil band, cluster- column legs with quatrefoil heads

Ornamentation-pierced star-shaped cartouche

This period include revival of gothic furniture , dark oak furniture.

The Victorian love of mixing styles is clearly in evidence in the Victorian cast-iron chair.

Brocaded silk brocatelle, were used in 1850s

In the 19th

century sofas , like most other forms of furniture, were being made in a variety of styles, including rococo revival and gothic revival.

Sofas have short turned legs, back and scrolled arms are o same height, acanthus carving on the mahogany frame .

Button back upholstery was popular in the Victorian era.

Table leg- Victorian baluster

Features – gothic revival style table’s table of this period have foliate-carved foliage

Invictorian period ceramic castors were also used . In 19th century Sutherland tables became popular. These were drop-flap gate-leg tables

Design detail---- turned foot.

Handles of chest drawers----- porcelain, wood with decorative inset.

Commodes continued to be popular throughout the 19th century in many European countries.

Table style---------- credenza, 1860; side board Philadelphia, 1870;

In the Victorian era the sideboard or side cabinets became higher, more decorative, with carved or painted panels or mirror featuring in design. Side cabinets have

bow fronted frieze inlaid with scrolling foliage, tapering toupee feet are turned, marquetry decoration in the foliage on the front and also on the top is more

elaborate than on most period sideboard, pilasters were decorated with bell husks, bowed hinged doors.