Product Service System Design Master Thesis: A future vision of data-driven healthy food suggestion

EATINFind local and healthy food on your way

A FUTURE VISION OF DATA-DRIVEN HEALTHY FOOD SUGGESTION

A thesis project byYing WANG

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Academic TutorValentina AURICCHIO

Master Degree inProduct Service System Design

A.Y. 2014-2015

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ENG

With the growing trends of globalization and population aging, international traveling and after-retirement traveling are becoming more and more common. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of new technologies on travelers’ safety and health.

It is often difficult for travelers to understand and choose from a wide variety of local food with unfamiliar spices and flavors. Moreover, travelers tend to be under high risk of getting food allergies and other food related problems. This severely prevents travelers’ willingness to explore indigenous cuisines.

I generated two ideas to relieve their concern: providing them with per-selected information based on both environmental data and their real-time body data; and including suggestions from previous visitors and local dwellers filtered by specific cultural background to better fit individual’s taste.

The output of this research is a vision called “Eatin”, a data-driven and human-powered food suggestion service, which supports travelers to make smart choices among the local healthy food. Based on travelers’ health condition, preferences and activities, the service creates a customized food suggestion list and offers detailed information about certain food such as its ingredients, nutritive properties, and related culture.

Keywords -Future Vision, Retiree Travelers, Healthy Local Food, Data-driven, Lived Expertise.

ABSTRACT

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ABSTRACTITA

Con la crescente tendenza alla globalizzazione e all’invecchiamento demografico, i viaggi internazionali e i viaggi dopo la pensione stanno diventando sempre più comuni. Lo scopo di questo studio è quello di analizzare gli effetti delle nuove tecnologie sulla sicurezza e sulla salute dei viaggiatori.

È spesso difficile per i viaggiatori capire e scegliere tra una vasta varietà di prodotti alimentari locali con spezie e sapori sconosciuti. Inoltre, i viaggiatori tendono ad avere un alto rischio di allergie alimentari e altri problemi connessi al cibo. Questo limita molto la volontà dei viaggiatori di esplorare cucine locali.

Ho generato due idee per alleviare queste preoccupazioni: fornire ai viaggiatori informazioni pre-selezion-ate sulla base sia dei dati ambientali che dei loro dati corporali in tempo reale; includere i suggerimenti dei visitatori precedenti e degli abitanti locali filtrati da una specifica formazione culturale per adattarli meglio al gusto dell’individuo.

Il risultato di questa ricerca è una visione chiamata “Eatin”, un servizio basato sui dati e gestito da persone che suggerisca dei cibi, supportando i viaggiatori nel fare scelte intelligenti tra il cibo locale sano. Basandosi sulle condizioni di salute dei viaggiatori, sulle loro preferenze ed attività, il servizio crea una lista personaliz-zata di suggerimenti sul cibo e offre informazioni dettagliate sugli alimenti, quali gli ingredienti, le proprietà nutritive e gli aspetti culturali connessi.

Parole Chiave -Visione Futura, Viaggiatori in Pensione, Cibi Locali Sani, Basato Sui Dati, Esperienza Vissuta.

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1/ DESIGN FOR 2025 - Trends Outlook

1.1 Design for 20251.2 Future Trends Outlook1.3 Social and Culture Facilitator1.4 Science and Technology Promoter1.5 The Future City1.6 The Future Health Service

2/ ACTIVE ELDER TRAVELERS - Problem Space

2.1 Brainstorming2.2 The Pressure of Aging Society2.3 Two Stories 2.4 Active Retiree Travelers2.5 From Now to the Future2.6 Research Questions

INDEX

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3/ DATA DRIVEN SUPPORT - Case Study

3.1 Data Driven Health Service3.2 Community Based Travel Service3.3 Service Analysis

4/ TRAVEL AFTER RETIREMENT- Exploratory Interview

4.1 Interview Plan4.2 Recruiting and Preparation4.3 Exploratory Interviews4.4 Top Findings

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5/ EATING BY UNDERSTANDING - Idea Generation

5.1 Insights from Top Findings5.2 Design Principles5.3 Design Scenario5.4 Three Ideas5.5 Idea Evaluation and Selection5.6 Risks of Exotic Food

6/ A TRIP TO MILAN - A Use Case

6.1 Example: A trip to Milan6.2 Eat Healthy in Milan6.3 Bridging the Culture Gap6.4 System Mock-up6.5 Interface Mock -up

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7/ “EAT-IN” - Service Development

7.1 Service Value Proposition7.2 User Segment7.3 Information Flow7.4 User Journey7.5 Business Model7.6 Road-map

113REFERENCES &ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

1 Table of Figures2 Bibliography - Books3 Bibliography - Articles4 Bibliography - Websites5 Bibliography - Videos6 Acknowledgments

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Design for 2025Trends Outlook

1DESIGN

FOR 2025Trends Outlook

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Design for 2025 Trends Outlook

Design for 2025:Our Cities & Healthy Lifestyle“By 2025, there will be more than 1.6 billion people aged 60 years and over; by 2025, climate and envi-ronment change will bring us more unpredictable diseases; by 2025, demographic changes and moves will significantly increase the pressure of the medical service ... ”

In the next decade, many traditional services will face challenges. On the other hand, we can expect that social reforms, technology shocks and lifestyle changes will bring us opportunities and fresh experience. Designers have the duty to satisfy the growing needs.

1.1 Design for 2025

Fig 1.1: Welcome to the futureSource: www.qastme.com

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“The best way to predict the future is to study the past, or prognosticate.”Robert Kiyosaki

1.2.1 From Today’s Decision to Future Scenario

In the next ten years, the following questions will be asked: which new cul-ture phenomenons are expected to occur, which new technologies would be widely applied, how will our cities look like, and what can we do to help peo-ple live with healthy lifestyle? Those are the “Question Zero”s of this research.

The scientific way of predicting the future is from “What do we have here?”. In order to create a consensus of prediction, we need to define a “language” – a high degree of physical correlation with the real world.

I am not trying to do predictions of the future here, but rather to make the “thought starters” to express my vision of the near future. Today’s decision will impact the future, and the future scenario we set will also affect on the decisions and actions we are going to make today.

1.2 Future Trends Outlook

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Fig 1.2: Model of Research Approach

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1.2.2 Research Method

In order to understand the future trends in an appro-priate way, I need to find some hints from “today”. I searched the existing speculations and trend analysis outcomes from the cutting edge companies, one-up universities, authoritative organizations and pioneer in-dividuals. While I was watching the videos and reading the report, I put them into a material-collecting blog (https://2025healthcare.wordpress.com) and divided them into different topics.

There were 5 steps to organize research results:

1) Information HuntingExisting speculation and trends analysis outcomes from pioneered organizations and individuals.

2) Put Info into BoxesMaking a blog to collect all the materials and divide them into different topics.

3) Summarize KeywordsReviewed all the materials and tried to summarize the keywords from each of them.

4) Regroup KeywordsOrganize all the post-its into 5 groups and found the internal relationship among all the keywords.

5) Trends in 4 AspectsSummarize the research result and distribute them un-der 5 titles.

InformationHunting

Put Info into Boxes

Summarize Keywords

Regroup Keywords

Trendsin 4

Aspects

Fig 1.3: 5 Steps to organize research results

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In the next 10 years, human beings will face vari-ous social and culture challenges due to the rap-id globalization. This would significantly change people’s perception of the world and their ide-ology. With the change of the society, our daily lifestyle would also be drastically different. To de-fine these differences and catch the main trends, some articles and video resources are collected. Here is one example:

“Future Scapes” is a project which looks at what life might be like in Europe in 2025. Four videos describes four aspects about a “future” girl’s life. The videos discussed about four main top-ics: “Hyper Innovation” shows a new “creative culture” among people. Lifestyles and business practices have been minimally affected, but against the background of diminishing resourc-es there is growing concern about the long-term sustainability of this “innovation treadmill” ap-proach. “Centralized Survival” shows society’s new values are built on this sustainability, and on stronger community ties. Stunned into a belated response by a series of severe climate shocks, governments have taken tough measures to combat climate change, pushing technology to its limits to impose sustainability on the popula-tion and provide some relief from restrictions on personal freedom. In the video, some scenarios are highlighted: for example, citizens will be able to check the energy usage in the community, and build community garden together. “Shared Own-

1.3 Social and Culture Facilitator

ership” is about the vision that people changed their idea from own goods to own the function temperately. An entirely new perception of own-ership is expected to be built. There is both a per-sonal and a business innovation aspect to this fu-ture. Creative development of new business and service models is vital and governments have encouraged this by setting a carbon floor price -- but this is not a planned economy. “Prosperi-ty redefined” means that instead of only working hard and have no time to enjoy oneself, people in the future will spend more time in the things they are interested in. After an extended reces-sion, new priorities of “well-being” and “quality of life” are bubbling up across the world as more sustainable forms of living become established.

As a result, I summarized four relevant emerging Social and Culture Trends:

“We are together”People are willing to be connected with each oth-er, and they will even get more chances to move around and sometime unable to stay with the people they are familiar with. In next ten years, it will become more and more common to move to other regions and countries for working, study-ing or traveling. The birth of social networking services, digital devices and smart-phones have engendered a new behavioral pattern among its users.

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“I am who I am”People pay more attention to themselves, and the life will be more centralized and human based. Personal Investment is a lifestyle getting satisfac-tion through focusing and investing on oneself. People are going to value more their profession and hobby, enjoy high-quality cultural life. They usually have high income and live in urban area. This is related to the change of consuming style and the spread of individualism. The number of people who enjoy and value their personal life is emerging with the growth of personal indepen-dence, as well as with the evolution of values. Traditional collectivism inclination has gone and the personal desire and appetite became more important

“Mine is yours”Sharing and cooperating will be the main way for people to reach their goal. The development

of the on-line network enabled easier access to massive pool of data. Also this changed the po-sition of ordinary people from a receiver to a pro-vider of knowledge and information.

“Am I rich or poor”The meaning of prosperity will be redefined, more time will be put into interests and families than professional work. Consumption-oriented para-digms are changing. For example, the fact that consumers are becoming more sensitive to the taste of food, or more selective when they eat out reveals that the trend is changing from con-sumption-oriented to experience-oriented and sense-oriented. This change not only influenced food culture but also fitness, hobby, etc.

Fig 1.4: Emerging social and culture trends

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In the next 10 years, many of today’s emerging technologies will be widely be used, and their re-lated service and industry will make our daily life completely different. The convenience brought by these technologies can easily exceed our imagination. I found some videos and reports which express the ideas of some technologies’ application in the near future.

The video “Watch you day in 2020” is made by American manufacturer company “Corning”. It gives an overview about how touch glasses will be widely used in 2020: photo-voltaic glass, LCD television glass, architectural display glass, archi-tectural surface glass, appliance veneer glass, hand-held display glass, automotive display glass, automotive design glass, and large format display glass work together to make a future of interactive surfaces.

Virgin Media Business has shed some light on the technology of the future, following an in-depth study carried out with The Future Labora-tory into the hyper-connected world that awaits us in 2025. It features personal avatars and dig-ital doctors. Smart home devices can monitor your health information, energy consumption and can even tell you whether you have enough milk in the fridge. The world in 2025 will be more empowering and better connected than ever be-fore. Whats more, the infrastructure to enable the

1.4 Science and Technology Promoter

rapid transmission of that data will be vital but invisible.

Two analysts with the IP & Science business of Thomson Reuters scoured scientific literature and patent records to identify the biggest and most impacted research areas. By probing the innovative work underway in different sectors, they came up with the following predictions about what life will be like in 2025. They pre-dicted that our world will become more digital: with prevalence of improved semiconductors, grapheme-carbon nanotube capacitors, cell-free networks of service antenna and 5G technology, wireless communications will dominate every-thing, everywhere.

As a result, we can envision the wide spread of 10 ground-breaking technologies:

Big DataBig data is a broad term for data sets so large or complex that traditional data processing ap-plications are inadequate. Due to the widespread of Internet and smart-phones, enormous amount of data has been collected. The data sets are so large and complex that it becomes difficult to process using manual database management tools or traditional data processing applications. Big data has increased the demand of informa-tion management specialists in that Software AG,

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Oracle Corporation, IBM, Microsoft, SAP, EMC, HP and Dell have spent more than $15 billion on software firms specializing in data management and analytics.

CloudCloud computing is a phrase used to describe a variety of computing concepts that involve a large number of computers connected through a communication network. For instance, iCloud enables to store and manage the personal data of individual apple products in web. Dropbox is a web-based hard drive that can use in smart phone, lap-top and other devices. Cloud Com-puting and storage makes data more durable, available, scalable and consistent.

WearableAfter the calculator watch, introduced in 1980s, there are many attempt to create wearable and ubiquitous device. Wearable devices such as ac-tivity trackers are a good example of the Internet of Things, since they are part of the network of physical objects or “things” embedded with elec-tronics, software, sensors and connectivity to en-able objects to exchange data with a manufac-turer, operator and/or other connected devices, without requiring human intervention.

Internet of ThingsThe Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the intercon-

nection of uniquely identifiable embedded com-puting-like devices within the existing Internet infrastructure. Typically, IoT is expected to offer advanced connectivity of devices, systems, and services that goes beyond machine-to-machine communications (M2M) and covers a variety of protocols, domains, and applications.

Smart SensorWith the development of sensing technolo-gy, sensors will not merely detect the light and sound, they would be able to capture even tiny bit of motion and change of the object. The sen-sor related software products and service also evolve over time. For example, the Dash is ear-buds with built-in health/wellness pp that pro-vides instant audio feedback during a workout, and to integrate with an active lifestyle.

Touch ScreenA touchscreen is an electronic visual display that the user can control through simple or multi-touch gestures by touching the screen with a special stylus/pen and/or one or more fingers. In the next years, the touch screens are expected to offer more synthesized feedback. More com-plicated touching actions can be distinguished and the corresponding feedbacks also get more possibilities.

Mobile Internet

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Mobile Internet means the Internet companies offers portable and mobile Internet sharing, through providing wireless Internet access and a variety of mature application. By connecting all the people in a net whenever and whatever possible, skills and knowledge are never as a se-cret anymore. Mobile connectivity is also revolu-tionizing healthcare, education, public safety and many other areas of our lives.

Augmented RealityVirtual reality is a form of technology to create a computer generated world that gives a belief to the user to accept it as a real environment.

Fig 1.5: 8 Future Technologies

Augmented reality is similar to virtual reality but different; it blurred the line between real world and computer generated image. There are some leading products in this field: vuzix is an eye-wear used industry field showing the data image that’s helpful during the work. And Lego which uses Augmented Reality to preview the final work to users.

10 years later, when those technologies deeply enter into our daily-life, we can expect a very dif-ferent way to get, store and interact with the data from our environment around us, the activities we did, and our bodies.

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provements of the coastal boulevard. The mas-ter plan is inherently sustainable in terms of its structure and land utilization. Several approaches are included in the plan: developing of a range of public transport options; creating an urban struc-ture and public realm which encourages walking and cycling throughout the development, and building the ‘greening’ of streets and avenues that will help to mitigate the effects of pollution emitted from vehicles.

Many urban planners did researches and projects to explore how to build our future cities to culti-vate healthy lifestyle. In the last three years, TED managed City 2.0 Salon talk. It has evolved from a platform for the best of what is already being discovered by urban advocates and grassroots movers and shakers to TEDCity2.0, content that celebrates a complex picture of the future city–a place more playful, more safe, more beautiful, and more healthy for everyone.

Jeff Speck is a city planner and architectural de-signer who, through writing, lectures, and built work, advocates internationally for smart growth and sustainable design. He brings a future vision called “The walkable city”. We should design for people instead of for cars which is “a gas- belch-ing, time-wasting, life-threatening prosthetic de-vice.” Nowadays, “suburban sprawl” makes peo-

In the next 10 years, how will we stay and move? That’s not only an issue of prediction, but more about our expectations for a better future. Here I selected some projects under planning or con-struction phase to find some hints of the possible future.

“The Khazar Islands”, also known as Caspian Islands, is a planned development of artificial is-lands 25 km south of Baku, Azerbaijan consist-ing of 41 islands extending 3,000 hectares over the Caspian Sea. Different from the cities take shaped by the historical reason, this new living space created by designers’ imagination: con-structing the city to house 1 million residents, contain 150 schools, 50 hospitals and daycare centers, numerous parks, shopping malls, cul-tural centers, university campuses, a Formula 1 quality racetrack, and the Azerbaijan Tower. The project is scheduled to be completed between 2020 and 2025.

“Baku White City”: In respect of the Decree dated September 28th, 2006 by His Excellency Ilham Aliyev, The President of the Azerbaijan Republic, entitled “Comprehensive Action Plan for Improv-ing The Ecological Conditions in the Azerbaijan Republic during 2006 – 2010” steps were un-dertaken for the removal of industrial uses to the edge of the city, decontamination of land, and im-

1.5 The Future City

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ple drive more and walk less which make bad effect on their health. The increased rate of obese and asthma is closely linked with the expanding of the city size. On the contrary, walkable neighborhood makes life more sustainable and healthy.

Rethink about the car-centered lifestyle and big scale city is happening in different part of the world. The former parks commissioner for Bogota, Colombia makes a passionate case for reclamation of public spaces for the increased mobility of all people. Gil Penalosa paints the picture of cities around the world where walkers, cyclists, and public transportation – not drivers and highways – are at the heart of urban life.

Expect making the transportation more public, create more public spaces also often be discussed. Amanda Burden, as New York’s chief city planner under the Bloomberg administration, Amanda Burden led revitalization of some of the city’s most familiar features — from the High Line to the Brooklyn wa-terfront. Her talk “How public spaces make cities work” is aimed to share the unexpected challenges of planning parks people love, and why it’s important. Cities are fundamentally about people, and where people go and where people meet are at the core of a city. Public space can change how people live in a city, how people feel about a city, and public space is one of the most important reasons why people stay in a city.

Fig 1.6: TEDx City 2.0Resource: plus.google.com

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Here are three new ideas of building “healthy” city:

Scheming City - The city not generated by history but by designing.Nowadays, a lot of cities are facing difficulties: crisis, pollution, war or lack of development. In recent years, the government and intentional society start to rebuild and reuse these cities. We can expect, these “new” cities will bring us fresh living experience in the future.

Walkable City - Low carbon city.While people start to get tired of sitting in the traffic and suffer more and more from automobile related air pollution. Designers plan to change people’s lifestyle by restructuring the city.

Public City - The importance of public space.The city is not merely a place for a lot of private houses, but more as a place to let people meet and living together. The importance of public space in the city will enhance in the future.

Fig 1.7: The future city

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Health and human services expert Bill Davenhall gave a Ted-Talk called “Your health depends on where you live”. The geographical location where you lived and you are living impacts your health as much as diet and genes do, but it’s not part of your medical records. Nowadays, many people spend their life in a variety of places, the envi-ronment and lifestyle in those places are impact-ing on your body continuously. He showed how overlooked government geo-data (from local heart-attack rates to toxic dump site info) can mesh with mobile GPS apps to keep doctors in the loop.

Talithia Williams, a statistician, makes a com-pelling case that all of us should be measuring and recording simple data about our bodies ev-ery day, because our own data can reveal much more than even our doctors may know. She gave several examples to explain how health spastics help to diagnose and treat disease. By taking this daily measurements, each one of us will become the expert on our own bodies. When the ordinary people and the medical experts come together, through the daily data, we will be able to make a better decision than just your doctor alone.

1.6 The Future Health Service

Hitachi Design, an innovation center serving all of the company’s sector-specific divisions - invit-ed PDD to look at European trends and industry expectations regarding the use of digital health records. Using the insights gained from the re-search, PDD worked closely with Hitachi to cre-ate an inspirational short-film. The narrative of the film was centered on a fictitious family and their interactions with healthcare practitioners and providers in the year 2025. Pressure of ag-ing society and rising chronic disease will force healthcare providers to focus their efforts on managing resources, efficiency and privatization of patients. Continuously monitoring, flexible ac-cess, data on-the-go, smart medication, health-ier outcomes.

The health system in 2025: A vision of health and sustainability in England was written as a contri-bution to the Strategic Review of Health Inequali-ties in England Post 2010, commissioned in 2009 by the UK Government, which aims to propose an evidence-based strategy for reducing health inequalities. This report described the imagined experience of some real people living in a medi-um sized town somewhere in England in 2025:

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Dave ( 45 years old in 2025 ) has heart disease, he logs on to his e-health passport at the LSH, and updates information on his blood pressure and weight, and find the meeting information for the local healthy man group. After suffered from sickle- cell anemia for 10 years, in 2025, Dora become a bit of an expert on managing her ill-ness, and has been mentoring some other suf-ferers in the community. All this volunteering has also helped her boost her income, earning her points in the local currency. Adnan qualified as a doctor in 2022. He is very proud to be part of the set up there – he grew up locally and the Hub has already been a big part of his life. In 2025, he is working on manage health e-passports in the community. Barack was born in 2015. In 2025, his mother Nelisha is very satisfy with the high fat, salt and sugar foods are not available at school. She and the school have an agreement with the local health hub about Barack’s health goals. Barack’s being taught about his body and his health in a way that Nelisha wishes she’d had when she was at school – and quite often it’s her son who polices what they eat and encourages her to do something active at the weekends.

All these research based scenarios show the de-termination of building a data driven health care network, of educating people to eat healthier food and to do more personalized excises.

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In the near future, wherever we go, we could expect to have our personal health data with us. Here are three visions that may come true:

1 Care Whenever and WhereverHealthcare would not only mean the special care while you are in the clinics, hos-pital or other health organization, but a daily care in every minute and every corner around the world.

2 Customized CareAll the care will be based on the health condition of each person or each family. Everyone could choose the specific care they want.

3 Data-driven CareYour health data will go around the world with you, not only record your disease history and health condition, but also link with other related elements - like daily habit and geographical position.

Fig 1.8: The future healthcare

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Active Elder TravelersProblem Space

2ACTIVE SENIOR

TRAVELERS

1.2 Future Trends Outlook

Problem Space

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After I got a general idea about future visions, the next stage is searching for the specific oppor-tunities or problems to work on. Before making a choice, I brainstormed on the upcoming phe-nomenons which may significantly impact on our lifestyle in the future. Three “upcoming phenom-enon”s and three “future persona”s are highlight-ed here:

Upcoming Phenomenon 1 - MOBILITY Moving to other regions or countries for work-ing, studying and traveling will become more and more common. Attracted by new opportunities or experience, people start to consider moving to another city as ordinary statement. At the age of globalization, for the people who keep on moving, the local-based healthcare service could not satisfy their needs any more. The cur-rent medical history and relevant data is based in the home city, which is hard to move with peo-

2.1 Brainstorming

ple. What’s worse, when people travel to another places, they are facing new environment there-fore their lifestyle changes. Those changes often cause unpredictable disease. In the future, global healthcare service would eliminate all these prob-lems. In the upcoming “high-mobility” society, the ubiquitous data would make travelers in foreign country get care just like home.

Upcoming Phenomenon 2 - INDIVIDUALAs individualism are encouraged more and more, people tend to live more independently, keep closer contact with the whole external world. Whereas we could still feel lonely and unsafe sometimes. Many young people living by them-selves are living without a healthy daily routine and working under pressure. Irregular lifestyles are harmful to their health condition and may cause risks of sudden sickness. On the oth-er hand, more and more elders are living in the

Fig 2.1: Three Upcoming Phenomenon

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“empty nest”, they lack caring significantly. Fam-ily based health service can be a digital bridge to re-establish the connections between family members starting from sharing heath data.

Upcoming Phenomenon 3 - YOUNG AGINGYoung Aging refers to the phenomenon that some elders get the age of retirement, but do not want to be considered as the older. They are looking forward to living actively and keeping on challenging themselves, which bring poten-tial risks to their health condition. Some existing healthcare services are considered as the burden of life. However, traditional healthcare service are timeworn; and healthcare related information is overwhelming and sometimes even misleading. They may look for personalized services based on their own hobbies, activities and life routines, so that they can get more freedom under the professional guidance.

Future Persona 1 - NEW ELDERThe new elders refer to the group of people who will reach 60 years old in 2025. They were born in the 1960s. Compared with the upper generation, they are more open minded for using high-tech devices and have stronger ability to use Internet to share information. They are eager to challenge themselves and enjoy life without relying on their children .

Future Persona 2 - NEW IMMIGRANTThey are international staffs, students, or frequent travelers. Changing environment sometimes bring them sense of being lost and loneliness. For fulfilling dream and catching better opportu-nities, they choose to move continuously instead of settling down in one city. They are eager to get stronger language competences and higher adaptive capacity.

Future Persona 3 - NEW MIDDLE AGEDThey were born in the 1980s. They will be in their 40s by the year of 2025. They are very busy with work and have limited time for face to face com-munication with their parents, spouse, and chil-dren. With the experience of working in big cities or oversea, they get stronger willing to self-invest for keeping younger mind.

Conclusion:By narrowing down the focused area, I choose to work with “the new elder” user group who have stronger demand on health caring.

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Fig 2.2: Brainstorming Map

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By 2025, there will be more than 1.6 billion peo-ple aged 60 years and over in the whole world. Under the pressure of big amount of elder popu-lation, our society will face many new challenges regarding our exiting social welfare and health-care systems.

In the next decade, aging society will become a worldwide issue. The population of developed countries is aging fast, and the developing world is only a few decades behind. The proportion of the population aged 65 and over is expected to triple in less developed countries over the next 40 years, rising from 5.8 to15 percent of the total population. While in the more developed coun-tries this figure is expected to rise from 16 to 26 percent (an increase of more than 60 percent), the ISSA report says.

Asia and Europe are the two regions where a significant number of countries face population aging in the next decade. In these regions, within twenty years many countries will face a situation where the largest population cohort will be those over 65 and average age approach 50 years old. United Nations Population Division did the scien-tific prediction of the world population compari-son by years. The two graphs below shows the comparison of the population by age between the numbers in 2015 and the predicted numbers in 2025. Figure 1 shows that in Europe, compare with the group of other ages, the population of

2.2 The Pressure of Aging Society

age group from 60 to 80 increases most quickly. And figure 2 also indicates that the population of these age increase fast in East Asia.

Recent research indicates that two million people aged over 65 will lack informal care from adult relatives by 2030. While global aging represents a triumph of medical, social, and economic ad-vances over disease, it also presents tremen-dous challenges. Population aging strains social insurance and pension systems, and challenges existing models of social support. It affects eco-nomic growth, trade, migration, disease patterns and prevalence, and fundamental assumptions about growing older.

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Fig 2.4: East Asian population by age prediction 2015 vs 2025

Resource: United Nations Population Division

Fig 2.3: Europe Population by age prediction 2015 vs 2025

Resource: United Nations Population Division

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Lynne & Tim from CaliforniaThree years ago, retirees Lynne Martin, 73, and her husband Tim, 68, decided to live a “home-free”

lifestyle in retirement.

They gave away most of their possessions, sold their house in Paso Robles, California, found a new home for their dog and started traveling the world. Since then, they’ve lived in furnished apartments in

Mexico, Argentina, Turkey, Paris, Italy, Great Britain, Ireland, Morocco, Portugal and Germany.

The Martins, who each travel with a 32-inch suitcase, see themselves as “senior gypsies” who love this lifestyle because “we wanted to have the luxury of really getting to know the people,” in the coun-tries they visit, says Lynne, who has written a book about their experiences, Home Sweet Anywhere: How We Sold Our House, Created a New Life, and Saw the World. She blogs about their travels on

homefree adventures.com.

2.3 Two Stories

When I was researching on the elders’ healthy lifestyle, two stories impressed me. The main characters of the stories live in two different countries: the United States and China, but they show a similar attitude towards life after retirement.

Fig 2.5: Lynne and TimResource: www.bloomberg.com

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Zhang & Yang from ShanghaiYang and Zhang are an ordinary couple as you can see anywhere in Shangai. Yang is the husband, 65 years old, with many hobbies; Zhang is the wife, 60 years old, smart and calm. They spent their

former half life for hard working; and after getting retired, they picked up their dreams they had when they were young: travel to Europe, considered as the palace of arts. They cannot speak English, but they searched information and booked tickets on line all by themselves. And they used gestures and drawing to communicate. In 2006 finally they successfully complete the “romantic” trip in Europe and

wrote a travel journal named “Dad and Mom’s Trip”.

Now they almost have traveled all over the world. Many Chinese in different ages became their fans and started their journey by following Zhang and Yang’s suggestions.

Fig 2.6: Zhang and YangResource: www.xinli001.com

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2.4.1 Growing Retiree Travelers

Lynne and Tim, and Zhang and Yang are not the only ones who select this kind of travel-based lifestyle. In these ten years, there are more and more seniors coming out of their home city and exploring the world. As millions of baby boom-ers approach retirement, they will face one of the most significant and potentially life-altering deci-sions they’ve ever made – the pursuit of a trav-el-based retirement lifestyle.

U.S. Travel’s research department’s Domestic Travel Market Report shows that the average age of leisure travelers is 47.5 years old. Mature trav-elers comprise 36 percent of leisure travel volume (18% are 65+, 18% are 55-64). Nearly two in ten (19%) are 45-55, 17% are 35-44, 20% are 25-34 and 8% are 18-24 years old. And according to LMTCLUB.COM 2013 Global Travel Trends Re-port about global travel trends, 34% 65+ elders make 1-3 trips per year, 46% of them make 4-7 trips per year, 10% of them make 8-10 trips, and 7% of them make more than 10 trips.

In some countries, this trend is particularly note-worthy. For example in China, the elders defined as those above the age of 60, China’s official re-

2.4 Active Retiree Travelers

tirement age, Boston Consulting Group’s April 2012 “From Silver to Gold” report forecasts that the silver segment will nearly triple from 165 mil-lion in 2010 to almost 440 million in 2050 (more than one-third of the total population).

“It is never too late to have a happy childhood.” Lynne and Tim, and Zhang and Yang set good examples of being “active elders”. According to the definition which is given by American Mas-sage Therapy Association: an active elder is usu-ally in good physical and emotional health, with mobility and cognition intact. Although chronic health conditions may be present, they are likely to be well-managed by medications and lifestyle adjustments.

2.4.2 Traveling brings health

How will be an active elder? There might be no single correct answer. But there are still some rules for the elders to keep physical and mental health. 1) Move Naturally and Commonly: Move not only means sports and exercise, but more walking and all the daily affairs. Physical activity can enhance the elders overall physical health. The effects of physical activity include lowering blood pressure, blood cholesterol and blood

“Age matters only if you’re a cheese.”

36


sugar levels. Being active also ensures the bones and muscles stay strong. 2) Connect and Com-municate with Others: Daily communication with families, friends and strangers would improve your health. 3) Less Boundary Between Work and Retire: Change the way of working and re-tired life, ease the pressure of getting retired. 4) Eat Wisely: There is no exact healthy food, but you could choose to eat the food suits your con-dition. 5) Optimistic and Have Right Outlook.

Travel is good for our health, and contributes to a longer life and more satisfying retirement. Here are four ways that travel improves life, especially for retirees. Traveling can enhance elders’ body strength. The famous Framingham Heart Study of women ages 45 to 64 found that women who vacationed at least twice a year enjoyed a sig-nificantly lower risk of heart disease than wom-en who hardly ever took a vacation. A separate study showed that taking vacations reduced the risk of death from heart disease in men as well.

2.4.3 Traveling causes Risks

However, travel can pose various risks to health, depending both on the characteristics of the traveler and on the type of travel. Traveler may encounter sudden and significant changes in alti-tude, humidity, temperature and microbes, which can result in ill-health. According to World Health Organization’s report on 2010, there are some key factors in determining the risks to which a

traveler may be exposed are: mode of transport, destinations, duration and season of travel, pur-pose of travel, standards of accommodation and food hygiene, behavior of the travelers, and un-derlying health of the traveler.

If the new environment and travel activities can cause health problems to everybody, the seniors are facing more challenges. They have a lot of dreams to be realized, but sometimes the plans are blocked by their age and health condition. They are facing different health problems: weak immunity, chronic disease history or irritable the physique, etc. Meanwhile, they have the same desire: be protected and keep healthy during traveling. They face the challenge of their health condition; and at the same time, they also face to the other problems of adapting to different language, culture, healthcare system, food and weather. While they are abroad, especially when they are alone, they would really feel lack of safe-ness. During traveling, the body directly interacts with new environment and it gets pressure to adapt to this change in a short time period. Peo-ple with advanced age, weaker immunity, less physical force and chronic disease history will even take more risks.

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Fig 2.7: The elder feels sick

“However, my health condition brings extra concerns.”

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2.5 From Now to the Future

Fig 2.8: Traveling risks in traveling

BODYNEW

ENVIRONMENT

RISKS

Disease of aging，weaker immunity,less physical force

...

Different weather, plants, food, life style,

health system...

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New technologies and new trends must make future a big difference. My reasonable prediction is: In the next 10 years, whenever we go, the information of our body condition and the information of the sur-rounded environment are exchanging all the time. The future service based on this data exchange will offer travelers better protection and connection, and create unexpected values. My thesis is aimed to create future scenarios to bring a healthier traveling experience.

Fig 2.9: New technology brings new future

BODYNEW

ENVIRONMENT

SERVICE SCENARIO

Go FurtherGo FasterGo Safer

Go Healthier

Information

Device

Information

Device

Discover

to ensure active elders

in their future traveling.

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2.6 Research Questions

Fig 2.10: Traveling Experience Map

2.6.1 Traveling Experience Map

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Although each trip is different, there are some elements that always play important roles in the journey. Here I created the model of a traveling experience to support the further analysis. When travelers come to visit a city, they enter from sub-urbs, spend time by visiting different spots in and around the city, and then they leave after the ex-perience. During this journey, they leave a path and stop at some key transportation spots like airport, train station, bus stop, and metro station, etc. Food and accommodation are the two basic needs. They choose certain places to eat restau-rant, bar, supermarket, local-market and conve-nient store, etc. They normally decide one of two ways of accommodation as hotel, home-stay, camping and RV, etc. Culture visiting ( museum, theatre, architecture, and music, etc.) and nature visiting ( mountain, sea, park,and caves, etc.) are the two main types visiting. In addition, health services also plays an important role to ensure travelers’ safety. Since we could set a general model for traveling experience, we will also be able to prepare service in advance and set touch points at some key spots in the city to bring retir-ee travelers better experience.

2.6.2 Research Questions

A Research Question is a statement that iden-tifies the phenomenon to be studied. The key question that I plan to solve from this research is: How can we help senior tourists create healthy traveling experience and reduce risks on their way?

I subdivide the main research question into three aspects:

1) Health and City – How do cities support the senior tourists?In the next 10 years, cities will face the challenge of interacting with more and more seniors. How to provide them a remarkable experience, safe-ness feeling, as well as an invisible protection?

2) Health and Family – How do the families and independent seniors support each oth-er?With the trends of urbanization and globalization, a lot of seniors are willing to or forced to live in an independent way. How to get full use of the two generations’ knowledge and life experience to create a family-based health caring service?

3) Health and Community – How does the community contributes to retiree travelers’ health? Create collaborative approach to build sustained relationships between retiree and the local com-munity. How to create connections?

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2.6.3 Research Scope

When I did my research on” health during traveling”, I noticed that it is important to define the scope of the research: whether my focus is more daily health or disease cures, physical health or mental health, city based or user based, and in eastern world or in western world. By mapping the research scope, I use three words to describe the type of “health” I will research on: “Daily Health”, “Disease Preven-tion” and “Wellbeing”.

CITY BASED USER BASED

Fig 2.11: Research Scope

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Data Based SupportCase Study

3DATA DRIVEN

SUPPORTCase Study

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3.1.1 Open-sourced Health Suit

It’s the information age, and more people are learning how to live healthier lives. Those seek-ing to improve their diet, lose weight, or just get into the habit of exercising can find help from two leaders in the information technology space: Ap-ple and Microsoft.

3.1 Data Driven Health Service

Apple Health create an entirely new way to use your health and fitness information. The system is aimed to give “How are you?” an accurate an-swer. Heart rate, calories burned, blood sugar, cholesterol — the apple health and fitness apps are great at collecting all that data. The new Health app puts that data in one place, acces-sible with a tap, giving you a clear and current overview of health. The users can also create an emergency card with important health informa-tion — for example, blood type or allergies. Apple Health is supports by Apple hardwares, especial-ly iphone and apple watch.

1) Collaborative DataThere is a new tool for developers called Health-Kit, which allows all the incredible health and fit-ness apps to work together, and work harder. It just might be the beginning of a health revolution. With HealthKit, developers can make their apps even more useful by allowing them to access users’ health data, too. Users can choose what they want shared. For example, users can allow the data from your blood pressure app to be au-tomatically shared with their doctor. Or allow the nutrition app to tell to fitness apps how many cal-ories their consume each day. When those health and fitness apps work together, they become more powerful.

2) Data with PrivacyUsers are in charge of their data. The Health app lets the user keep all the personal health

Fig 3.1: Logo of Apple Health

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and fitness information in one place on device and under control. Users can decide what in-formation is placed in Health and which apps can access their data through the Health app. When the phone is locked with a pass-code or Touch ID, all of the health and fitness data in the Health app is encrypted. Users can back up data stored in the Health app to iCloud, where it is encrypted while in transit and at rest. Apps that access HealthKit are required to have a privacy policy, so be sure to review these poli-cies before providing apps with access to their health and fitness data.

3) Data for ResearchResearchKit is aimed to taking research out of the lab and into the real world. It is a software framework, created specifically for medical re-search. And it’s open source, so everyone can collaborate to potentially change medicine for-ever. Several of the world’s leading medical in-stitutions are already using ResearchKit to gain further insight into some of the most serious diseases, for example, asthma, parkinson’s disease, diabetes, breast cancer and cardio-vascular disease.

Microsoft HealthVault is a cloud-based service that helps the users live healthier by providing actionable insights based on data gathered from the fitness devices and apps that we use every day. Activity-tracking devices like the new Mic-rosoft Band, smart watches, and mobile phones plus services like RunKeeper or MyFitnessPal connect easily to Microsoft Health. Using this fit-ness data and Intelligence Engine in the cloud, Microsoft Health provides valuable, personal insights so users can reach their fitness goals. They have a powerful vision of what’s possible when premium device and service partners col-laborate on an open platform.

Over the past decade, Microsoft HealthVault has established itself as a trusted place to store health information and share it with medical pro-fessionals on a security-enhanced platform.

Fig 3.2: Logo of Microsoft HealthVault

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3.1.2 One to One Digital Therapeutics

In the modern society, most of the disease that people suffer with are “preventable diseases”, as high sugar, high blood pressure, high blood fats, and obesity. By changing eating habits and dai-ly behavior, people can get the chance to stay away from those disease and get better health condition.

Omada Health is pioneering a new category of medicine: “digital therapeutics” which means delivering behavior medicine at scale to tackle

Fig 3.3: The Microsoft HealthVault Future

Source: www.coolinfographics.com

Fig 3.4: Logo of Omada Health

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chronic disease and reduce healthcare costs. Change the specific habits that put them at the risk for serious but prevent disease.

People understand the fact that healthy lifestyle can help them to build strong body. However, they are lacking of right approach, right support and right tools to change their habits over time. By taking this opportunity, Omada Health offers professional health coach to give the users one to one support, which allows users take real-time feedback and make real-time adjustment. In addition, the service also supples technological product to track their daily performance and interactive health lesson to give the users knowledge about nutrition and excises.

Omada Health promotes an important service called Prevent, which is a 16-week on-line program that fits seamlessly into your life, so the users can lose weight and get lower risk of disease without taking time away from the things you love. It is a on-line program that inspires healthy habits. The program includes four phases: changing food, increasing activity, preparing for challenges and reinforcing healthy choices. Step by step, the service helps user to reach their goal of losing weight and reducing risk of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and obesity.

Fig 3.5: Omada Helath

Source: omadahealth.com

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are activity and sleep monitors that track user movements and activity levels to provide infor-mation on metrics including step count, calories burned, distance traveled, and number of hours of light and deep sleep via iOS and Android ap-plications.

“Misfit Shine” is one of its popular product. It is an activity tracker that can be synchronized with smart phone and can find out how active the user is. The user can sync with the smart phone just by placing it on the phone screen. Can be worn just about anywhere by clip it on the pants, underwear, shirt or shoes.

In these two years, misfit has expanded its prod-ucts line. On one hand, the company collaborates with other fashion companies like Swarovski to create most beautiful wearable jewelery in the market. And on the other hand, Misfit launched its new connected home products including the color-customized light bulb and sleeping track-ing belt. Those changes indicate that wearable device would not only limited to the traditional ones as smart watch and smart glass. Instead, wearable services and smart body tracking de-vices will become more and more various which fit different users’ requirements and aesthetics.

3.1.3 Wearable Based Lifestyle Tracking

With wearable technology, learning more about oneself has not only become high-tech but also real-time. From devices and Apps that help peo-ple track heart rate and food consumption de-tails to gadgets that monitor mood and even sur-rounding air, the “quantified self” is a reality for the everyday person. It creates chance to learn someone’s health with his/her own self-tracking devices and go a step further by using the devic-es to measure the success of self-improvement attempts. Here are some new innovations that are pushing wearable tech into health care, edu-cation and our broader lives.Misfit, is a hardware company that designs and manufactures wearable products that utilize sen-sor technology. Misfit’s Shine and Flash products

Fig 3.6: Logo of Misfit

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Fig 3.7: Logo of Jawbone

Jawbone is an American privately held consum-er technology and wearable products company headquartered in San Francisco, California. It develops and sells wearable technology such as the Jawbone UP2, UP3 and UP4 wristbands and portable audio devices, including the Jambox and Big Jambox wireless speakers, the Jawbone Era and Icon Blue-tooth headsets, and Noise-as-sassin technology. Jawbone argues that wear-able products could be at the heart of the con-nected home, enabling the so-called “Internet of Things”.

Jawbone UP is a system that takes a holistic approach to a healthy lifestyle with wristband to track information and App to manage and display. Jawbone UP collects all data of user’s movement include sleeping, and exercising, and it can checks friend’s moving and eating news-feed with App. It also adjusts an alarm for the best sleeping condition. Users can check and compare his exercising and eating activities with the target amount.

Different from Misfit’s diverse products strategy, Jawbone keeps a small number of products. The company focus on develop high quality on-line data visualization and reliable customer services. Jawbone’s success shows a fact: the value of the shared data can be more significant than the wearable device itself.

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Fig 3.8: System Map of Mitfit

Fig 3.9: System Map of Jawbone

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Community-based tourism is known as a way of traveling which let people stay close to local in-digenous communities that allow outsiders to ex-perience their customs, food, lifestyle, and set of beliefs. In transitional travel experience, travelers mainly interact with their companions. Communi-ty based travel is a type of travel fueled by the lo-cal people and the other tourists: the locals invite tourists into their home, show where they shop for food, introduce tourists to owners of the local weaving shop, and share other fascinating and intimate parts of their lives; and the other trav-elers share their past traveling experience and meet each other in the on-line platform or off-line meeting spots. In the last ten years, social media officially has took over travel. The future belongs to crowds. Nowadays, the value of ordinary peo-ple’s experience is becoming more and more sig-nificant. Here are five popular community based travel services:

3.2 Community Based Travel Service

3.2.1 Local Resource Activating

Airbnb is an on-line service that provides a plat-form for individuals referred to as “hosts”, general-ly private parties, to rent unoccupied living space and other short-term lodging to guests. Users of the site must register and create a personal on-line profile before using the site. Every property is associated with a host whose profile includes recommendations by other users, reviews by previous guests, as well as a response rating and private messaging system. Within these service, both providers and consumers can have a win-win solution. For providers, they can explore the culture to various people from different countries, also share the space that might seldom use in their daily life, and making more connections to-ward this service. For customers, they are not only traveling to another place with the most per-sonal experience and affordable price, also, living in this kind of place to gain more local knowl-edge. Perhaps in the same place but different houses, they will have totally different feelings or finding different surprises, what a new live ex-perience for the consumer market. People can customize their travel schedule/plan and the way they experiencing not only the place, the activi-ties, but also the people brought from their local expert. Moreover, with an affordable price, trav-

Fig 3.8: System Map of Mitfit

Fig 3.9: System Map of Jawbone

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eler can have a deep understanding of a culture with different aspects. For instance, if the user is interest in fashion, he/her can search for some-one who is the expert in the sector base in Milan, who offer a tour that lead him/her to most of the interesting place that are fashion related or fash-ion iconic. Meanwhile, explaining the cultural sto-ries for more understanding, considering the true meaning for tourists to know, to do or to learn.

Piacere, Milano – “Milano, Nice to Meet You” is a not-for-profit project to make the city more hospitable and share it with visitors. It is a spe-cial experimental project running during the 2015 Milano Expo period. All dinner invitations and neighborhood visits are made on a purely free and voluntary basis. Any request for payment shall be considered improper and unethical, as it breaks the rules regulating the sharing of ac-tivities on the platform. Local Milanese can regis-ter as the “host” and show their wiling to accept travelers to enjoy an dinner hosted by them or show them around the city. Host require to ex-plain who they are, what kind of foods they love to cook, what kind of city places they would like to have the Guests discover. And last but fore-most, they can send invitations to the Guests they would like to meet. And tourists can register as guests with the basic information as who they are, where they come from, what are their dietary preferences, and mark the dates they are likely to be in Milan. Tourists can either get a home dinner invitation from the hosts, or for a tour of a city neighborhood.

Vayable is a community market place for guided experience focus on travel. The platform is en-able any locale expert to start a small business on this platform offering experience (such as food tours, etc) for the other individual. People can go on this platform and book their experience easily pay by credit card, and they can meet the people off-line and star their amazing time. The average cost for the service is around 65 dollar per per-son. Customers perused the site for pre-made tours created by amateur travel guides around the world. They could book a private flight over Berlin, dinner with a Fijian prince or a walking tour of New York street art. In the traditional market, travelers have two main ways to get tourism in-formation: either traveling with the professional travel agencies and acompanied by the pro-fessional guides, or find free information from non-professionals. Vayable offers a new way of traveling: the tourists still can get “high-quality” and “ensured” tour, but this “experience” is guid-ed by the amateurs.

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Fig 3.10: Website of Airbnb

Source: www.airbnb.com

Fig 3.11: Website of Piacere, Milano

Source: www.piaceremilano.it

Fig 3.12: Website of Vayable

Source: www.vayable.com

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3.2.2 Lived Experience Sharing

TripAdvisor is an American travel website com-pany providing reviews of travel-related content. It was an early adopter of user-generated con-tent. The website services are free to users, who provide most of the content, and it is supported by an advertising business model. The site now has reviews of hotels, restaurants, and attrac-tions in more than 45 countries, with contributors (all unpaid) adding their comments at a rate of 115 per minute. Some 890,000 hotels are list-ed on the site, and TripAdvisor boasts one of the largest collections of user-contributed travel pho-tographs in the world.

On Tripadvisor, the experience can be rated with five levels: excellent, very good, average, poor and terrible. And the reviews carry demonstrable weight. Each review contains the information of the reviewer, a key sentence to describe the ex-perience, a short paragraph for the details, and the photos of this experience. The users can get to know the quality of a certain visiting point or service by checking the number of reviews and average rating score. Furthermore, the order of reviews is created according to the culture back-ground of each user. The user can always check the reviews written in his/her native language. Besides, the other reviews are also translated into his/her native language automatically.

Localeur is a curated community of local insid-ers who want to help the tourists experience lo-

cal in their city and give local recommendations based on their knowledges. There’s a big differ-ence between where the tourists go to hang out and where the locals go. While review sites lack authenticity and local credibility, and travel guide books go out of date the moment they’re pub-lished, Localeur gives tourists a curated look into what it’s like to be a local. If it’s not local, it’s not on Localeur. From Localeur, users can read the recommendation roundups of hand-picked Lo-caleurs in different cities. These people are not only locals but also have actually visited the plac-es that they’re talking about, from the best bars for happy hour to the best places to get guaca-mole.

Getting the right reviewers is just as important as getting the right reviews. Compare with the other experience sharing and recommendation platforms like Yelp and Foursquare, Localeur pro-vides higher quality recommendations by limiting the information sources.

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Fig 3.13: Website of Tripadvisor

Source: www.tripadvisor.com/

Fig 3.14: Website of Localeur

Source: www.localeur.com

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3.3.1 Service Comparison

The value, the information flow and the included service categories of each type of service have been summarized.

Open-sourced Health Suit

- Value Proposition:Using users’ health and fitness information/ collect daily personal health data into scientific research

- Information Flow:From health research institutes to ordinary peo-ple, and from ordinary people to health research institutes

- Categories:Body Measurements/ Fitness/ Nutrition/ Sleep/ Medical ID

Personal Digital Therapeutics

- Value Proposition:Bring expertise next to the users/ Dedicated health coach provides personal solutions/ Con-nect the dots between knowing and doing

- Information Flow:From health experts to ordinary people

- Categories:Digital Medicine/ Nutrition/ Excise

Wearable Based Lifestyle Tracking

- Value Proposition:Continuously collecting fitness data and visu-alizing them to raise users’ awareness of their health and lifestyle

- Information Flow:From body to the device

- Categories:Activity Tracking/ Sleep/ Food

Local Resource Activating

- Value Proposition:Reusing unoccupied local tangible and intan-gible resource and transferring the value to the travelers

- Information Flow:From the locals to the tourists

3.3 Service Analysis

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- Categories:Tour/ Rentals/ Restaurants/ Transportation

Lived Experience Sharing

- Value Proposition:Highlighting the value of first-hand experience and creating references based on their experi-ence

- Information Flow:From the experienced people to non-experi-enced ones

- Categories:Hotels/ Flights/ Vacation/ Rentals/ Restaurants/ Destinations

I make comparison of those five types of services and tried to define their internal relationship . Among them, Open-source Health Suit Services like Apple Health and Microsoft Health take the role of the “umbrella”. They collect health data from various devices and applications and send them to the cloud. And other professional users and services are allowed to get access to this data and create other services based on the data. Personal Digital Therapeutics Services provide professional guidance to the users who

need to change or improve their lifestyle to a cer-tain way. And Wearable Based Lifestyle Tracking Services are more general and more for the dai-ly usage. Both of those types of the service can work under the umbrella of Apple Health or Mic-rosoft Health Vault.

The main difference between the Local Resource Activating Services and Lived Experience Shar-ing Services is the former shares knowledge and time to the travelers; and the latter simply uploads knowledge on-line but this information will be used once and once again among the big user group.

3.3.2 Conclusion

The services I choose for cases study are emerg-ing services in the area of health/fitness and travel. From their service systems and business models, I found the some of how the market will look like in the next few years. Moreover, even if the future development of those services is not practicable, the data created by those services will stay on the cloud and serve for other ser-vices.

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Open-sourced Health Suit

PROFESSIONAL CASUAL

PLATFORM

Wearable Based Lifestyle Personal Digital Therapeutics

TIME KNOWLEDGE

KNOWLEDGE

Local Resource Activating

Lived Experience Sharing

Fig 3.15: Info-graphic of Data Driven Health Service

Fig 3.16: Info-graphic of Com-munity Based Travel Service

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Travel After Retirement Exploratory Interview

4TRAVEL AFTER

RETIREMENT Exploratory Interview

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It takes five steps to define the interview plan:

1) Identify a design challenge: Understand traveling senior’s worries and hopes regarding the health issue.

2) Recognize existing knowledge: Future trends and technologies.

3) Identify people to speak with: Asian Middle age and aged travelers. Asians travel to Europe. When they travel to the new land with very different culture and environment, they are facing a lot of difficulties.

4) Choose research method: On-line Skype interview

5) Develop an interview approach: I plan to speak with more potential users to understand their prob-lems, concerns and expectation for the future. At the same time, I will also brainstorm and create a number of future scenarios to test with the potential users.

Through the interview, I expect to find answers to several questions as: What are they worried about? How do they feel on the journey? How much knowledge do they have? What is their expectation for the future? Have they ever met any health (physical or mental) problems during their traveling?

Research Question - How do future cities and communities can support travelers’ health in 2025? Research Aim - Understand Asian “new elderly” travel experience ideas about healthy lifestyle.Interview Targets - Middle Aged (50 to 60 years old) who love traveling and value the healthy life. Interview Content - Former traveling experiences, health concepts, and prospects for the future. Interview Methods - Online interview with a duration of 1 hour

4.1 Interview Plan

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Fig 4.1: Chinese senior travelers

Resource: curacaochronicle.com

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4.2 Recruiting and PreparationFig 4.2: Interview invitation letter

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I created the English and Chinese version inter-view invitation letter to introduce the requirement and content of this interview.

I prepared some questions to lead the con-versation:

About TravelingDo you like traveling? Where have you been? Have you been to Europe? Which countries/cities did you visit? (Travel experience/in Europe)How is your way of traveling? Travel by own, in group, or with friends/families? (With whom) what means of transportation do you like? Self-driving or by public transportation? (By what) do you prefer long-haul travel or short trips? (How long, how far way) do you prefer to visit big cities, towns, or enjoy the wildness experience? (Where exactly)X years later, while you get retired and have more free time, would you like to travel more? Did you have any plans already? How do you imagine the journey? (The plan after retirement)Would you like to meet more local people and experience the local lifestyle with them? (With the locals)

About HealthBefore departure, what do you prepare to ensure the health during the journey? Body examine, health insurance, medicines, equipment, urgent contacts? (Preparation before departure)

Did travel also bring negative impacts to your health? Feel too tired, make daily life irregular, and do not get enough rest or nutrition? (Phys-ical problems) Did you ever feel stressful, worry or lonely during the journey? (Mental problems) If yes, what did you do to adjust? (Solution and self-adjust)// When you enter a new country or region, did you feel hard to adapt to the new environment, food, weather, air condition, etc.? Did these ele-ments effect on your health? (Adapt to the new environment)Did you ever get the experience of getting sick or feeling not well when you travel? What was the cause? How did you handle that problem? Is there anyone helped you? (Experience of getting sick and finding support)

About FutureIn your imagination, how do the lifestyle and trav-el pattern in 10 years later different from the cur-rent condition? (Attitude to future life and travel)How do you think about the newest wearable de-vices and smart devices? Would you like to learn to use them? (Attitude to smart divide)Many people predict: we would face to the new era of Big Data in the future which means your personal health data will be collected in every second and share to the cloud whenever you are. How do you think about this prediction? (At-titude to big data and information sharing)

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4.3 Explorative Interviews

Fig 4.3: Intervieweeparticipants Information

I completed all the 8 interviews. The interviewees are including travel experts, people who had few experience in Europe, and people who have never been to Europe.

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Fig 4.4: Interview participants

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Interviewee 001 - Travel ExpertHe studied in Germany when he was young and he has traveled to Europe many times.

Attitude to Travel after RetirementHe loves to travel alone, because in this way he can spend time for meditation. He used to use public transportation since he doesn’t like driving. For him, traveling is for understanding the unknown culture, language, food and lifestyle. He likes to stay in a restaurant or a bar, taste the local food, and read a novel there. “Wasting” some hours is a really good experience for me.” He explained. After retired, he and his family plan to travel aboard once or twice a year. He wants to travel with families and plan everything by himself. He consider traveling as a very important part in life. He doesn’t really like to visit the famous tourism attractions, instead, he prefer to rent a house or live in local people’s house. In front of the house in the countryside. He considers it is more interesting to travel in the nature.

Health Problems during TravelHe always starts to feel acclimatized when he arrives a new land above two weeks, it increases the chance of getting sick. He thinks the weather and environment play a very important role on our health and they makes health problems some-times. He feels that he become more and more insensitive to the time difference while age increased. But on the other hand, when elders start to feel tired, it also takes much more time to recover. So it is very important to prepare medicines for common problems like digesting problem and catching a cold. He thinks this sense of unsafeness occurs when entering a new place without understanding the local language.

Attitude to the New Health-Related TechnologyHe doesn’t really like the products like wearable health monitor, because he thinks it affects the mood too much. It is a bad phenomenon which makes people fell anxiety. However, his families don’t agree with my idea. He is trying my best to not go to hospital, but his families prefer to check their health condition regularly. He guesses different life experience brings you different idea about health. But in the future, when he is getting older, it must a good thing to get some customized in-formation depends on my personal condition. Somehow, he would still prefer the traditional way to get information, like ask the locals directly and get their advices.

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Interviewee 002 - Travel ExpertHe is a Japanese professor who just moved to Germany. He has already visited 35 countries. Most of the places he visited were in United States and Europe.

Travel and Living Trends in the Next 10 YearsHe guesses the problems and trends of aging society that China will have in next ten years, just as the situation that Japan is having now. Currently Japanese government is putting a lot of efforts about caring the old people. Ten years ago, most of the Japanese people go to the other countries in a group. At that time, you can see so many Japanese tourists visit the famous European cities by follow the guide with a little flag in his hand. a stage when people is getting rich. But now they prefer to travel independently and choose different places with their own in-terests. They still use travel agency, but only to get a better price of booking tickets or hotels. In the future, people will become cleverer, they will choose the cheaper way to enjoy the time in a foreign country.

Health Problems during TravelHe thinks information is very important, and the information that we get should be very concrete but not abstract. Some people are much more sensitive than the others, so they should be very careful to eat something different. Once he visited Vietnam with a colleague, they ate the same dishes there. And at that night, he started to feel different; and till the morning of the next day, he was unable to wake up. So he stayed in the hotel for the whole day, and for the next day, his friend called a taxi and sent me to the airport. Finally he got on the Japan airline. And then he arrived Osaka and I went to a small hospital near my house where he usu-ally go. The doctor said that he ate something wrong and left me two pills. After he took them, surprising, he recovered soon. And he asked his friend who went Vietnam together, if he got any problem. But he is totally fine. He didn’t choose to go a local hospital or pharmacy in Vietnam, which is mainly because he doesn’t really feel trust.

Attitude to Future TechnologyHe believes in the future, there will be smarter translator – you just need to speak in front of the phone, and then the smart software will translate the sentence in a

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good way. Anyway, communication is also about predicting. Sometimes even we could not fully understand the language, if we have the understanding about the culture, you can guess what they are talking about. The computer doesn’t identify the individuality. Also for data sharing, we should let people individually decide how much information they would like to share. If someone decided to share, it is his/her responsibility if the others use your information. Internet is always the most important to way to get information. He thinks the wearable computer like apple watch will become very popular in the future. The human practice is always better than the computer. There are two kinds of information: the information opens to the public and the information for limited group of people. And for the second one, we need a human relationship community.

Interviewee 003 - Traveler with Experience AboardHe has traveled to Europe once last year, this journey changed some of his think-ing to life.

Travel Trends in the Next 10 YearsHe thinks for 10 years later, traveling abroad must become a very big trend in China. It was all because of the increase of the economic and we get more in-come and better welfare system. Even now, there are some elders who are really open-minded. They sell out their house after they get retired, and then spend this a mount of money for traveling and nursing home. He said that there is a big difference between his generation and his parents generational. People like him choose to travel until we are too old to move around. He thinks the international traveling market from Chinese travelers is definitely a huge market in the future. Actually it is a must while a country grow from a developing country to a developed country. He consider the reason why people travel to another place is we want to experience other people’s life and understand how they think about the life. He feels his thinking changed a lot after I traveled to Europe. Now he start to go everywhere with backpack, because he saw there are so many elders in Europe, they were with their backpack and sport shoes, riding bicycles in the countryside. It seems that when they are getting older, actually they become more active, and pay more attention to their health condition and how they do themselves look like. While I was in Swiss land, he chatted with a local guy with the similar age. Actually even my English is not so good, we just chatted with very simple words. He still

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feel happy. He consider communication is very important, but somehow, most of people are still lack of these kinds of chances.

Health Problems during TravelHe thinks the biggest problem of traveling in Europe is the food. Especially for his wife, she could not stand for living without Chinese food for the whole week. In Europe, there are not many international fast food brands like McDonald’s. Actu-ally the most attractive food for them are McDonald’s and Burger King. The typical European dishes are really not tasty sometimes. So they were trying our best to search for Chinese restaurants after the first week. Of course, it always happen that sometimes you feel too tired on the trip. But actually, he feels he become healthier on the trip than stay at home. Traveling is also a kind of body exercise.

Attitude to the New Health-Related TechnologyThe elders are always pay a lot of attention to their health. So he believes that health related wearable devices will be widely used in the future. The elders can clearly feel the changes of their health condition day by day. It is meaningful to understand some physiological Indexes as blood pressure and lipid. But there is also a contradiction, if you know too much about the real-time health data, it is also bring you unnecessary worries. So it is very important that the device should be both precise and not too much sensitive. However, he still believes more about his own feeling and judgment more than what the device tells him. Big Data is a trend for the future. But it depends on if it is be abused. If you travel to another place, and the people there already know your information and health condition before you say anything, it will make you a little embarrassed. But if the service could offer different choices which is really depends on your condition, then it will be great. If his information is sharing with his families, he will feel 100% safe.

Interviewee 004 - Travel ExpertHe has been to Europe several times, especially he is quite familiar with Germany with business reasons. He can speak English and German, so language is not a problem for him.

Travel Experience in EU and Travel Trends in the Next 10 YearsHe finds the Europeans have a very different concept about traveling compare

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to Chinese. Since they could have more vacations each year, normally they stay in one single point and live there to enjoy some days. But for Chinese, consider the price of the flight tickets and the long flying distance, normally we wish to visit more places in a certain period. For most of people in China, they would only have once or twice chances to visit Europe. He doesn’t agree with the service from the Chinese Traveling Agencies: trip of 5 countries in ten days, because in this way travelers almost have no understanding about that land. The reason of this difference is there is a gap between Europe and China regarding to the three main topics of education, healthcare and pension. If you want to travel in another country by bike or walking as a backpacker, you face to more safety and health risks. Since a lot of Chinese still lack of the basic understanding, knowledge and capabilities to travel alone in a foreign country, they really need some young peo-ple to develop some projects to guide them. After retired, he would still travel alone if I go to Europe. But for other countries like Japan, maybe he need some support with the language. He had a lot of experience to live with the locals, and he really enjoyed.

Health Problems during TravelWhen he was young, he traveled in Europe in many countries, he didn’t feel any problem to adapt to different food and environment. But when he was getting older, the thing changed. In 2012, in stayed 6 weeks in Germany. He spent 4 or 5 days to adapt to the time difference, but it only takes 1 or 2 days while he was young. Besides this, he also didn’t feel well because he ate almost the same food everyday: bread, butter and cheese. So if possible, it is better to choose the room with kitchen or living in the guest house. In this way, we can bring some ingredi-ents, buy food from Asian store and cook by ourselves. For the elders, travel by train is much healthier than by plane.

Attitude to the New Health-Related TechnologyHe thinks whether share the data is good or not is mainly depended on the type of the data. Traveling is about sharing, so it is important to share the information and experience on the way with families and the others.

Interviewee 005 - Traveler with Experience AboardShe loves traveling but has not been to Europe yet. She traveled to the United

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States last year and spent 20 days there.

Travel Experience in EU and Travel Trends in the Next 10 YearsMany of her colleagues went travel to south Asia or Japan by following the group. They could only see the tourism points, but very hard to experience the local life. She chose the different. She stayed in 5 families in different cities while she trav-eled to the U.S. By living with the locals, she understood a lot about their culture and the way of living from all the details. When I travel with the group, the agency booked the buffet for them. And when she eat with a group of Chinese, everybody is keeping the Chinese culture there. She have a dream that travel slower and live in locals’ place for a long period after she gets retired. She would also like to live in the strangers’ house and try to get into the local life. Her English is not that good, so she may meet a bit problem if she stay with the ones who could not speak Chinese. However, she still would not reject to have a try. The presupposition of a good after-retirement life is the health body. If she is healthy, the first thing she wants to do is traveling around. But if the body condition is not good enough, all these dreams would not come true. Her next destination will be Europe. She thinks the biggest change in the next ten years is people go abroad more and more frequently. In the past, it was always her relatives visited us in China, but now she have the chance to visit them. In the future, going abroad must become easier. On the other hand, now Chinese people start to get the understanding that travel is not only for viewing the scenery, but more for searching the typical food or finding out something fits your own interest point. In the future, there must be more and more people to travel independently.

Health Problems during TravelShe thinks the most important preparation is bringing some common medicines to deal with the condition that we may not get used to the local food there. And secondly, we should also check the temperature and weather, and bring the ap-propriate clothes depend on this. When she went to US, she went together with my mother and my husband. They did not feel a lot, but she felt very hard to adapt to the food there. And she felt very tired on the way, and extremely hard to adapt to the time difference. She has a friend, when he was traveling to Vietnam, he got injured while he was swimming. Without knowing the local language, he called the taxi and went to the hospital by himself.

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Attitude to the New Health-Related TechnologyThrough the age grows, she will care more about my health. Currently in China, it is still a bit complicated to go to the hospital, and not many people have their private doctor. So if she could afford, she would like to buy and use the smart de-vice for my health. One of my relative in US, she is 96 years old. She could get the family doctor service, and the doctor prepare all the daily pills for her. And she also has a lot of devices at home to do self-examine. With the economic development, people increased their awareness for their health and increase their requirements of the life quality. For increasing the life quality, traveling is one of the best way. In China, there is the big issue of population which is hard to be solved in a short period. So I think by using the smart devices, Chinese people could also get the chance to own personal health caring service. But she is a bit worried if it is too hard to let all the people get the customized health service by sharing their per-sonal data. She thinks only when the people have some special disease that they don’t want to let the others know, there will be a privacy issue. Otherwise, for the common health problems, it is not a matter to share the information.

Interviewee 006 - Traveler without Experience AboardHe likes traveling. He has been to some cities in China. He hasn’t been to Europe yet. He’d love to travel with families, probably with his wife.

Travel Experience in EU and Travel Trends in the Next 10 YearsHe may choose to go with the group guided by the travel agency. He prefer to choose public transportation that he could relax more on the journey. With the time and financial limitation, he could not choose to make the journey to long, one week or ten days is perfect for him. Definitely he wants to travel more when I get retired. Europe is the first choice. With the language problem and lack of under-standing with the local condition, he still feel a little worry if I travel alone. He would like to get contact with other friends and their families to go together, then they could take care of each other on the way. He imagines to visit some tourism cities, or special space where shows different view compare with China. he wishes to try more kinds of typical snacks which famous for that country.

Health Problems during TravelHe understands his health condition by his own feeling. He would choose to go

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for a trip only while he feel well. He will bring some common used drugs to prevent catching a cold, diarrhea, and control blood pressure. The temperature difference, motion sickness by plan and bus, a bit headache are really common problems. In this condition, he will choose to not go out and have a day rest in the hotel till I recover. In most of the cases, they would not lead to big problems.

Attitude to the New Health-Related TechnologyHe is not really sensitive to the new technology. But still he wants to learn to use them if the device with an affordable price. It is also depend on how he consider his health condition. If he has concern about his health these days, he would defi-nitely want to use them to ensure his health.

Interviewee 007 - Traveler without Experience AboardShe had traveled to many placed in China, like Tibet, Xinjiang, and Hainan. But since she is really busy with my work, she still didn’t get the chance to travel to Europe. She puts it on schedule.

Travel Experience in EU and Travel Trends in the Next 10 YearsShe wishes to go with my families, and if possible she also could like to go with a group from the travel agency. She guesses in this way, she needs not to worry too much about my English. She loves small cities with beautiful nature scenery much more than the big cities. She thinks the best choice is spending 2 weeks and travel to 2 or 3 countries. It is a must to understand the local people’s life. She would prefer to go with some young people, for example her son could do some translation for me.

Health Problems during TravelIt is very important to taste the local food and experience the local culture. So she would not think too much before she tries the food that she never tasted before. She considers the two significant elements for health are good nature environ-ment and happiness. She believes in ten years later, in China, the condition of air pollution and food quality must be improved. The air and food quality are as the two key elements which affect our health.

Attitude to the New Health-Related Technology

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She would like to try the new products of wearable devices. Maybe she is not the earliest user, but when the products fully developed, she will try them. She could accept the trend of big data. She thinks it is an issue of integrity. In the future, if we fully understand and believe each other in the society, then the sharing of informa-tion would benefit for our health and life.

Interviewee 008 - Traveler Expert and Medical ProfessionalShe works as doctor in a public hospital. She is also a travel expert. She traveled more than 20 countries even she is only 25. She talked about her idea about healthcare both from her professional background and from her traveling experi-ence with her mother.

Different Ideas about Traveling by the Two GenerationsHer mother did a lot of traveling, but in most of the case, it was because she pushed her. In case she feels tired on the journey, her mother will stay in the hotel and watch dramas. It is her way of recovery, whatever I say, she won’t go out. Some years ago, when I stay in Chengdu (a city in west China), I invited my moth-er to travel to my region. She stayed there for one month, but actually half of the time she stayed in the hotel and did not want to go out since she felt tired. She thinks for our parents’ generation. Wherever they go, they still have a thinking that their home is the best place in the world. Because she love travel as lot, so she always require her parent to travel with her. Otherwise, they would not think about traveling by themselves.

Health Problems during TravelOnce her mother went to Singapore with her colleagues, her boss suddenly felt his nose was uncomfortable. And he went to the hospital, and they said it was cause by the air pressure on the plane. On the second day, he decided to book a flight ticket to back to China. If her parents are willing to travel abroad by them-selves, she would not worry too much. In their age, they get the economic foun-dation and they are able to arrange their money by themselves. So they can ask the guidance service or book any kind of service they want. In a lot of cases, by paying the service fee, problems solves smoothly. And from our traveling experi-ence, language problem is not difficult to solve. Chinese are smart, in the urgent condition, we could always find a way to communicate.

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Chinese’s Concept to Health and Current Health ServiceShe feels that Chinese people go to the hospital to often. Some of them even don’t have any problem, but they tend to meet the doctor to ensure their health. Actually a lot of tiny problems could be solved if you do a bit more sports, but they prefer to take the medicine. She believes that one day, the software and the hardware will work together to create a new vision of healthcare. In this case, a lot of health problem could be solved by diet control, sports and education, and doctors just need to focus on the serious disease. She is looking forward to this, but it also takes a bit time. It is because Chinese believe in the doctor too much. And also she found that, the elders are a little scared by the machines. That is also a phenomenon need to be discussed. They feel safe if they could talk to you face to face. In our hospital, there are so many self-service machines, but most of the elders would never use them. But I guess this will be changed in the future, since ten years later, the elders are another generation compare with today. There are still a lot of Chinese believe Chinese Medicine. But actually, they are only believe in the elder Chinese doctor. In the field of Chinese Medicine, experience is very im-portant. Normally the elder doctors are leading, and young ones are following and learning. Chinese Medicine is from Taoism, so it connected with Witchcraft. Differ-ent people have different opinion about the Chinese Medicine: some of them think it works, and some of them think it helps a little. It depends on the individuals. She believes sports is the key element for keeping health. She regularly goes swim-ming. There are many elder doctors go with her. They are in their 60s or 70s, but still look healthy. But for her parents and their friends, they believe healthy is from the food. They prefer to eat the food with different functions to adjust their health condition. Just like the old Chinese saying “Hunger breeds discontentment”. This thinking guided Chinese through the whole history, so she believes that we will still keep this idea for the years after.

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I got many interest insights by comparing differ-ent participants ideas. Travel experience chang-es people’s idea about the way they want to trav-el. Even the participants who just went aboard once, they got different attitude compare with the participants who only travel inside their country.

First of all, in general, the ones who got a lot of travel experiences prefer to travel alone or only with families. However, the ones who have not been aboard prefer to make their first trip aboard with the travel agency.

Secondly, the experience travelers get more con-cern about their health since they understand it is a hard situation to be sick aboard. But the non-experience travelers have limited idea of the appropriate preparation before the trip and they almost never consider get uncomfortable or sick as a situation they would meet.

4.4 Top Findings

Thirdly, for all the travelers who had interaction with the locals , they are looking forward to get-ting more chance to get deeper interact with them in order to have more understanding about the country.

Last but not least, children play an important role in their travel plan. Many of them get the idea to travel aboard with their children’s persuading.

Chinese started to care their health more and more. Most of them are expecting to use new products to understand their bodies. They have a bit worrying data safety, but they still consider it is benefit for they health which is a trend in the future. Besides, Chinese really consider food is the key effect on their health. They have a lot of concern to find the right food on the way.

I summarized 8 Top Findings of the interviews:

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#1The coming up huge marketWith the development of economics and the improvement of the social welfare system, a segment of middle class Chinese elders will retire with higher personal income which let them own very different mindset to their retirement life compared to the previous generations. Inspired by the mass media and their families or friends, many of them consider traveling as an important way to enhance the quality of life. They are more than willing to splurge and visit places in Europe to fulfill their lifelong dreams.

“A healthy lifestyle means I need to go travel at least 1 or 2 times a year. I believe that the retirement is just a start of another kind of amazing life.” - Interviewee 003

“In the past, going abroad was more for rich people, but now almost everybody gets the chance.” - In-terviewee 005

“People increased the awareness to their health and life quality. For increasing the life quality, traveling is one of the best way.” - Interviewee 005

“I know I am getting older, so I decided to use the ‘space’ to exchange the ‘time’, which means travel a lot while I am in good health condition.” - Interviewee 001

Fig 4.5: The coming up huge market

Source: mybesttraveltips.com

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#2Travel slower, travel smarterUnfamiliar with the destination’s culture and language, most of the Chinese elders rely on travel agencies who guide them hastily view many European cities in a short time period. However, most of them are not satisfy with this depersonalized travel experience, so they are looking forward to traveling in a different way. Some precursors start to make rational travel plan by themselves: slow down the marching rhythm to fit their physical force, select less destinations based on their interests, and spend more time at these certain destinations.

“In the future, people will become cleverer, they will choose the cheaper way to enjoy time in a foreign country.” - Interviewee 002 “

“I like to stay in a restaurant or a bar, taste local food, and read a novel there. “Wasting” some hours is a really good experience for me.” - Interviewee 001

“Let’s see the service from the Chinese Traveling Agencies: a trip to visit 5 countries in ten days. It was too funny! What could they see? I was thinking if I could go to Europe by train in the future. By spending some days on the train, the body can adapt to the time difference little by little. For the elders, by train is much healthier than by plane.” - Interviewee 004

Fig 4.6: Travel slower, travel smarter

Source: kawaweuropie.wordpress.com

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#3There are fences between usThe “new elders” show strong willing to deeper involve in the local society. They consider communi-cating with the locals as the best way to get information, and they wish to have the chance to live with local families in order to get further understanding of their lifestyle. However, most of them are lacking English speaking skills and do not know any platform to meet the locals. Even if they are traveling in a foreign country, they still tightly band to the Chinese community and Chinese culture.

“Speaking English is still a bit difficult. The language is the expression of the humanity. The human prac-tice is always better than the computer.” - Interviewee 002

“The reason why we choose to go travel is we want to understand the unknown culture, language, food and lifestyle.” - Interviewee 001

“I would also like to live in the strangers’ house and try to get into the local life. But I may meet small problems if I stay with the ones who could not speak Chinese.” - Interviewee 005

“I consider communication is very important, but somehow, we still lack of chances to step into the community.” - Interviewee 003

Fig 4.7: There are fences between us

Source: www.flickr.com

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#4Ignore problems by closing eyesBefore the trip starts, travelers spend more time on searching the beautiful sceneries and exciting activ-ities instead of putting efforts on getting the “negative” information like the local healthcare service and the necessary preparation for the certain environment. And during the trip, many of them also ignore the tiny health problems which are considered as “unwelcome elements” to destroy their good mood. In case they really meet health problem or get sick, they could not get any idea more than resting in the hotel and waiting for self-recover.

“I don’t really like the products like wearable health monitor. I think it affects my mood too much. It is a question of “is it better to know or keep blind.” - Interviewee 002

“I would not think too much before I try the food that I never tasted before.” - Interviewee 007

“I still trust my own feeling and judgment more than what the device tells me.” - Interviewee 003

“I will choose to not go out and have a day rest in the hotel till I recover. I believe in most of the cases, they would not lead to big problems.” - Interviewee 006

Fig 4.8: Ignore problems by closing eyes

Source: twitter.com

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#5Individuality vs. DiversityThe same food and surrounding could bring absolutely different impact on different individuals. Com-pared with the travelers evolving in a group, independent travelers participate in a wider variety of ac-tivities in diverse geography environment, which creates more risks. Besides this, the diversity of health systems, conditions, policies in different countries even make the issue more complicated. There is no standard solution to ensure their health.

“And I asked my friend who went to Vietnam with me, if he got any problem like me. But he is totally fine.” - Interviewee 002

“When people choose to visit different places and use different transportation tools, the diversity is cre-ating.” - Interviewee 002

“There is no standard solution of the individuality. Individuality depends on the individuals.” - Interviewee 002

“They did not feel a lot, but I found it very hard to adapt to the food there.” - Interviewee 005

Fig 4.9: Individuality vs. Diversity

Source: plus.google.com

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#6Travel makes me tiredEven traveling is considered as an activity undertaken for pleasure or relaxation that diverts, amuses or stimulates. Due to the physical condition of the elderly, they need to spend more time on adapting to the environment and the time difference. A trip with long time and geographical span makes them physically tired and mentally exhausting.

“For elders, when we start to feel tired, it also takes much more time to recover.” - Interviewee 001

“Physically you are not tired, but mentally you already get tired. In every second you are facing to all the new condition, which would bring you the feeling of mentally tired.” - Interviewee 002

“I spent 4 or 5 days to adapt to the time difference, but I only need 1 or 2 days while I was young.” - Interviewee 004

“I felt very tired on the way, and extremely hard to adapt to the time difference.” - Interviewee 005

Fig 4.10: Travel makes me tired

Source: plus.google.com

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#7Daily diets as difficult choices

Facing a wide disparity of foreign dishes with very different species and flavors, travelers meet difficulties to adapt to the local food in a short period. Since they find it hard to make a choice among many and varied local dishes, they blindly accept the unhealthy fast food with the international well-known brands. After one or two weeks, they are extremely missing the Chinese meals.

“It is funny that the most attractive food for us are McDonald’s and Burger King. The typical European dishes are really not tasty sometimes.” - Interviewee 001

“If possible, it is better to choose the room with kitchen or living in the guest house. In this way, we can bring some ingredients, buy food from Asian store and cook by ourselves. “- Interviewee 004

“The most important preparation is bringing some common medicines to deal with the condition that we may not get used to the local food.” - Interviewee 005

“They prefer to eat the food with different functions to adjust their health condition. I believe that we will still keep this idea for the years after.” - Interviewee 008

Fig 4.11: Daily diets as difficult choices

Source: www.mydealz.de

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#8Depends on whom I trustEveryone is the master of his own body. So people always like to actively getting information and searching assistance instead of passively accept suggestions along the way. In case they feel well, they do not want to be bothered a lot by overwhelming information; and even in case they get sick, they still make the choice cautiously and prefer to get support from the people they trust.

“I didn’t choose to go to a local hospital or pharmacy in Vietnam, which is mainly because I don’t really trust them.” - Interviewee 002

“An issue of trust. If you travel to another place, and the people there already know your information and health condition before you say anything, it will make you a little embarrassed.” - Interviewee 003

“They feel safe if they could talk to you face to face. They only believe in the most experienced doctors.” - Interviewee 007

“Once my mother went to Singapore with her colleagues, her boss suddenly felt his nose was uncom-fortable. And he went to the hospital, and they said it was caused by the air pressure on the plane. On the second day, he decided to book a flight ticket to back to China.” - Interviewee 007

Fig 4.12: Depends on whom I trust

Source: ambitioninthecity.com

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Eating by UnderstandingIdea Generation

5EATING BY

UNDERSTANDINGIdea Generation

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Eating by Understanding Idea Generation

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Fig 5.1: Affinity Diagram to gather Insights from the Top Findings

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I reviewed all the eight top findings, and wrote down the key insights and potential solutions for each of them:

#1: Nursing the “seed” of “new-travel”/ Create public opinion of “healthy travel”/ Together to define the meaning of “quality life/travel”/ Vertical influencing (from the youth to the elders)

#2: Arouse the paradigmatic changes/ Spread the emerging idea to create the future consen-sus/ Personalized travel experience/ Self-adjust-ing rhythm/ Support them to match their interest/ Destination orientated service/ Create “home” atmosphere for certain days/ Create enabling system

#3: Eliminate the misunderstanding to Chinese travelers step by step/ Simplify the services to fit elders’ custom

#4: Encourage rather than blaming/ Stand at the back to support/ Don’t deprive the excitement by limiting/ Provide the information “bridge”/ Transform the “negative info” into the “positive” view/ Better se-lect & transmit the info really “matters”/ Support health self-management/ Self-created “health” info package

#5: Distribute the service to the folk/ Health ser-vice info package for each country/ Build the lo-

cal supporting group/ Habits tracking and con-ducting#6: Travel for relaxing but not racing/ Travel is nit educating, but more influencing/ Create “pause” during the trip/ Special care/activity for the time-difference adapting day

#7: Food tasting and testing before taking/ Transform the “stranger food” to be the “known quantity” / Low volume/diverse choices/ Borrow a kitchen on the way/ Bring them knowledge about the local food

#8: Make the supporting invisible/ Information only open to the related people/ Respect the us-ers voice/ Send out the requirement while they feel the need/ Create the new meaning of “ac-company”/ Get security from the network/ Build trust by understand the expertise/ Invite them to the local home-cooked meal

After that, I created Affinity Diagram to gather the related insights into seven groups: Mission(What is the mission of the service?); Service(What kind of service I want to create?); Information(What kind of information to provide and how to pro-vide information?); Localized (How to localize the service?); User Powered( What is the relationship between the users and the service?); Relation-ship (What kind of human relationship I want to create?); and the Ideas.

5.1 Insights from Top Findings

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I brainstormed on and selected characteristics that represents the desired ser-vice. Then they were merged into concrete statements to express the “rules” of the ideal service.

It is a long term process to instill a sense of “healthy travel” to the Chinese travelers and help them to define “penalized healthy travel pattern”. By coop-erating with the group of travel experts and pioneers, we can expect to create “horizontal” influencing to lead more and more senior travelers to explore a healthier travel experience.Derived from top findings…#1/ #2/ #3/ #5/ #6

The elder travelers await to be supported under the feeling of being respected.The elders find being respected is more important than being supported. The service should stay invisible to offer opportune support and does not let them feel being controlled compulsorily. Consider the elders’ characters, the user experience should be concise and humane.Derived from top findings… #2/ #3/ #4/ #5/ #8

Instead of throwing them big amount of information which was already ex-isting on other websites, the service should be able to offer better selected information at the right moment and location, and transmit them into a likable communicating “language”.Derived from top findings… #2/ #4/ #5

5.2 Design Principles

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“Lived Experience as Expertise”Involving ordinary people who had the experience to work as the intermediary between independent el-der travelers and the local environment. By using their expertise in language/ local culture/social system, they can support the elders to create healthy pattern of traveling, ensure their daily health, and enhance their sense of security and belonging.

5.3 Design Scenario

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Fig 5.2: Design Scenario

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Based on the design scenario, I generated three ideas. By making full use of personal health data and local lived expertise, the travelers are expected to stay safe, eat healthy, and move healthy.

# 1: Human-powered InsuranceHealth Insurance only provides you legal and financial support. Instead, “Human-powered Insurance” offers you one to one service according to your personal condition, as well as brings you the sense of “being supported by friends”. By paying small amount of insurance fee, you can choose the nearby contact person who live in this city and with Chinese speaking skills to act as your caring person and emergency contact.

# 2: Eating by UnderstandingSay goodbye to the unhealthy fast food and the menu written in “extra-terrestrial language” in the restaurant. By gathering the dinners’ lived experience as a reference, “Eating by understanding” guides you to taste the healthy local food that fits your body condition, but also helps you to understand the ingredients and local food culture through comprehensible expression.

# 3: Walking PlanWalking is a healthy and environmentally-friendly mode of travel. “Walking Plan” helps you to plan real time walking route based on your body condition and personal interests. The service allows you to ex-plore the city with appropriate amount of movement, meet other trekkers and share your experience.

5.4 Three Ideas

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Fig 5.3: Three Ideasfrom up to down: human-pow-ered insurance; eating by understanding; and walking plan.

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5.5 Idea Evaluation and Selection

-

+

-

+

-

+

I listed the pros and cons of each idea to evaluate these three ideas.

1/ Human-powered InsuranceInnovative idea, no direct competitor on the market Concentrate on the theme: Health

High risks, quality of the service depends on reliability of the contact person Legal issue / Trust issue

2/ Eating by UnderstandingLead to many possible solutionsSolve a practical issue: eat healthy local food on the journey Wide future prospects: not only Chinese, but international

May deprive the delight of “exploring food”Many service under this topic, need to define the specialty

3/ Walking PlanWith a clear goal, and it is a simple solutionWide future prospects: not only Chinese, but international

A bit narrow, and it doesn’t lead to many solutionsThe competitiveness on the market is not strong enoughMay destroy the happiness of “getting lost in the city” (too much control)

Compared to the two other ideas, “Eating by Understanding” leads to a wider range of possibilities. Moreover, during the Milan World Expo, there are more resources related to this idea.

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Real local food is usually the best to eat anywhere you’ll be traveling because it has been eaten by society for a long time, is well-tested, usually isn’t processed, and usually is safe to eat. And better yet, you’re experiencing a culture through taste and foods, giving you a better insight into the people. It will better shape your experience , which is one of the main reasons why travelers travel. Besides, local food also often stands for the lifestyle and culture in that area.

In places like Thailand, China and Vietnam, where nuts and fish are frequently used in reci-pes and street food is more prevalent, people are less likely to know what it contains. It’s hard for some to comprehend the severity of one’s illness simply because one has either never heard of it or it’s very uncommon for people to have food allergies, let alone allergies.

1) Lost in translationThe biggest challenge for allergy sufferers head-ing overseas is communication, so it’s no sur-prise that English-speaking countries top the list of safe destinations.

2) The perils of exotic cuisineVisiting a foreign country is a great time to try new things, and discovering local cuisine can be part of that experience. But when ingredients for food come from endangered species, or the prepara-

5.6 Risks of Exotic Food

Fig 5.4: Breakfast around the worldSource: visual.ly

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tion of a dish involves extreme animal suffering, foreign adventure can leave a bitter taste. Select-ing safe foods in the home country is easy, but navigating a foreign menu can be a minefield of unexpected ingredients.

More than 120 foods have been described as causing food allergies. However, allergy experts only consider a limited number of those to be of public health concern. The foods most common-ly causing serious allergic reactions on a world-wide basis are: wheat, milk, egg, tree nuts, pea-nuts, soybeans, fish, and crustacea.

WheatWheat allergy is most common in children, and is usually outgrown before reaching adulthood, often by age three. Symptoms of a wheat allergy reaction can range from mild to severe. Therefore it is advised that people with wheat allergy have quick access to an epinephrine auto-injector at all times. To prevent a reaction, strict avoidance of wheat and wheat products is essential.

MilkAllergy to cow’s milk is the most common food allergy in infants and young children. Sensitivity to cow’s milk varies from person to person. Some people have a severe reaction after ingesting a tiny amount of milk. Others have only a mild re-

action after ingesting a moderate amount of milk. Reactions to milk can be severe and life-threat-ening.

EggWhile the whites of an egg contain the allergenic proteins, patients with an egg allergy must avoid all eggs completely. This is because it is impos-sible to separate the egg white completely from the yolk, causing a cross-contact issue.

NutsSome nuts cause allergy, tree-nut and peanut are the common ones. An allergy to tree nuts tends to be lifelong; recent studies have shown that approximately 9% of children with a tree nut allergy eventually outgrow their allergy. Peanut al-lergy is one of the most common food allergies. Peanuts can cause a severe, potentially fatal, al-lergic reaction. Therefore it is advised that people with peanut allergy have quick access to an epi-nephrine auto-injector at all times. To prevent a reaction, strict avoidance of peanut and peanut products is essential.

SoybeansAllergic reactions to soy are typically mild; how-ever, although rare, severe reactions can occur. Therefore it is advised that people with soy aller-gy have quick access to an epinephrine auto-in-

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jector at all times. To prevent a reaction, strict avoidance of soy is required.

Seafood Finned fish can cause severe allergic reactions. Therefore it is advised that people with fish aller-gy have quick access to an epinephrine auto-in-jector at all times. This allergy usually is lifelong. Approximately 40% of people with fish allergy experienced their first allergic reaction as adults. To prevent a reaction, strict avoidance of fish and fish products is essential. Shellfish can cause se-vere allergic reactions. Therefore it is advised that people with shellfish allergy have quick access to an epinephrine auto-injector at all times. This allergy usually is lifelong. Approximately 60% of people with shellfish allergy experienced their first allergic reaction as adults. Shrimp, crab and lobster cause most shellfish allergies. Finned fish and shellfish do not come from related families of foods, so being allergic to one does not neces-sarily mean that you must avoid both.

Beside food allergy, there are also other issue

which can cause health problems: special diets constrains of some chronic disease like Diabe-tes , hard digesting food, the degree of cooking, unfamiliar tastes, and redundant or inadequate nutrition, etc.

Therefore, understanding what we are eating can both reduce the risks of getting sick and bring travelers more freedom to stay close to the local culture.

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I choose “Eating by understanding”

as the idea for future development.

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A Trip to Milan A Use Case

6A TRIP TO MILAN

A Use Case

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6.1 Example: A Trip to Milan

In order to get a deep understanding of the right way to offer appropriate information to the trav-elers. I need to choose one specific touristic city for a deep research. One specific case has been chose: “Chinese travelers visit Milan. ”

Italian cuisine has influenced food culture around the world and it is viewed as a form of art by many. Wine, cheese and pasta are important part of Italian meals. Pasta comes in a wide range of shapes, widths and lengths, including penne, spaghetti, linguine, fusilier and lasagna. As Italy, China is also a country which is also famous for its rich food culture. As the old Chinese saying “Hunger breeds discontentment”, Chinese con-

A Specific Case: Chinese travelers visit Milan.

sider meal as the most important thing in other daily life. However, different geographical environment and culture created very different food in these two countries. In Italian dishes, there are many ingre-dients and tastes which don’t exist in China. How to confer food culture to foreign travelers? How to help Chines travelers find healthy food in Mi-lan? Aimed to answer these questions, I started research on the healthy local food in Milan and the current resources for searching healthy food.

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Fig 6.1: Milan DuomoSource: italia.evolutiontravel.it

Fig 6.2: Happyhour in MilanSource: misiedo.com

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6.2.1 Healthy Food on the Way

Between fast food stops, huge restaurant meals, and a general “I-can-eat-whatever” attitude, the result is often vacation purge that lasts longer than you want. Follow the following eating guide-lines and you’ll have a good time on the road, and minus the long standing consequences.

Healthy choices to make:

- Grilled dishes- Olive oil and Vingar dressing- Fish and Seafood- Fruit and salad- Nuts- Water

Unhealthy choices to avoid:

- Deep fried dishes- Creamy dressings and source- Fast-food- Oily and buttery foods- Sugary snacks- Soft drinks

Rules to eat healthy on the way:

- Plan ahead before travel- Find seasonal food in local market- Pack snacks from grocery store/ convenience

6.2 Eat Healthy in Milan

store- Eat frequently and slowly- One high-calorie item a day to get energy

However, the most important rule is: There is no exactly healthy food. But you could choose to eat food that suits your condition.

Fig 6.3: Healthy food v.s.Unhealthy Foodwww.elevangelioeterno.com

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6.2.2 Typical Local Food in Milan

What makes Italy so famous for its cuscine is the fact that every region in the country has its own particular culinary favorites. I did research and listed the typical Italian food and Milanese food:

What is typical Italian Food?

Pasta/ Risotto/ Pizza/ Panino/ Prosciutto(Prusciutto di Parma)/Salame/ Formaggio(Parmiggiano Reggiano/ Mozzarella)/ Insalata/ Dolce(Tiramisu/ Gelato)/Frutta(Melone/Ciliegia)/ Vedure(Pomodoro/ Carciofo/ Finocchio)/ Spezie(Basilico/ Rosmarino)/Olive...

What are typical Milanese Dishes?

Risotto alla Milanese/ Cotoletta alla Milanese/ Trippa alla Milanese/ Ossobuco alla Milanese/ Insalata di Nervetti/ Cassoeula/ Minestrone alla Milanese/ Panettone...

Where to get food in Milan?

Ristorante/ Trattoria/ Osteria/ Pizzeria/ Tavola Calda/ Paninoteca/ Aperitivo/ Bar/ Caffetteria/ Gelateria...Supermercato/ Mercato/ Negozio di Alimentari/ Eataly/ Macelleria/ Fruttivendolo/ Pasticceria/ Panetteria/ Pescheria...

Fig 6.4: Typpical Milanese Dish Fig 6.5: Wellknown Italian Food

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6.2.4 Delivering Information to the Travelers

1/ Online/Offline Menü:

Menus in Milan are written in Italian or Italian/English, and only few restaurant in the city center also offer e-menu in other languages. Some of the menus list the ingredients. Very few of them are with photos and nutrition or other details. A small group of famous restaurants and shops offer further explanation on their websites.

Problem: Hard to understand the information because of the language and environment difference.

2/ Restaurants Suggestion APP :

These apps rank the restaurants according to dinners' feedback. There are only general information about the type of the dishes and tastes, and the comments are mainly from the local citizens and other Italians.

Problem: Less information about the dishes, and comments more based on the locals which are still hard for the international travelers to understand.

Fig 6.6:Menu of Panino GiustoSource: www.promoqui.it

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3/ Travel Guidebook :

Travel Guidebooks offer information about the typical local dishes and famous restaurants in the city. In order to understand the dishes and the food culture, normally the users need to read long articles.

Problem: Too much information and no enough visualization.

Fig 6.7: Four Resturant Suggestion AppFrom left to right: Foursquare, Zomato, Tipadvisor, Qyer

Fig 6.8: Lonely Planet - Italy

Source: www.downking.org

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Most of the food recommendation services in-troduce a dish by two ways: photos and a para-graph to describe the ingredients and recipe. However, there are two disadvantages of those kinds of introduction. Firstly, it takes users too much time to read and select useful information. Secondly, for the users who come from an entire different culture. It is hard for them to understand some ingredients and culture, even if this infor-mation is considered as the “common knowl-edge” for the locals.

Therefore, it is necessary to “create a common language” to help people from different culture understanding each other and transmitting in-formation efficiently. For example, if one Chi-nese traveler visits Italy and does not have any understanding about Italian food. And an local Milanese need to express him the dish “ Risotto alla Milanese”. How could she help him to under-stand the dish in a short time? There are three

ways to achieve the goal:

1) keywords: Using 3-5 Keywords to highlight the main characteristics of the food. It can help to avoid excessive info. Compare to sentences, words are easier for auto-translating and less likely to create ambiguity.

2) Photos: Images and graphs as the worldwide common languages are the most intuitive media to transfer information.

3) Voice from other Chinese: Normally people from the same living area own similar tastes and diet habits, so the feedback from the other Chinese has its priority of showing as the most important reference.

6.3 Bridging the Culture Gap

?Risotto alla

Milanese

Fig 6.9: Building the culture gap

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[ Dish Order ]Antipasto / Primo / Secondo/ Contorno / Dolce

Appetizer / First Dish / Main Dish / Side Dish / Dessert开胃菜（冷菜）/ 第一道菜（主食）/ 第二道菜（主菜）/ 蔬菜 / 甜点

[ Flavor ]Salato / Dolce/ Acido / Piccante/ Amaro / Gusto speciale

Salty / Sweet / Sour / Spicy / Bitter/ Special Taste咸味 / 甜味 / 酸味 / 辣味 / 苦味 / 特殊口味

[ Main Ingredients ]Cereali / Cacao / Caffè / Latticini / Frutta / legumi / Carne / Riso / Pesce/ Spezie / VerduraCereal / Cocoa/ Coffee/ Dairy/ Fruit/ Legume / Meat / Rice / Seafood/ Spices/ Vegetable

谷物 / 可可 / 咖啡 / 牛奶 / 水果 / 豆类 / 肉类 / 米 / 海鲜 / 香料 / 蔬菜

[ Nutrition ]Calorie / Vitamina / Proteine / Carboidrati / Lipidi / Fibra / Minerale

Calorie / Vitamin/ Protein/ Carbohydrate / Lipid/ Fibre/ Mineral热量 / 维生素 / 蛋白质 / 碳水化合物 / 类脂 / 纤维 / 矿物

[ Special Ingredients ]

[ Comments in Chinese ]" It is tasty, but risotto is a bit harder than chinese rice and less cooked."

" 好吃，类似于国内的米饭，不过口感偏生、偏硬。”

Garmigiano 帕尔马干酪

Zafferano藏红花

In this case, I consider six kinds of information as the key information for getting to know this cuisine: Dish Or-der, Taste, Ingredients, Special Ingredients, Nutrition, and the comments written in Chinese. In short words, “ Risotto alla Milanese” is a first dish, it is salty flavor, it is a dish that contains rich carbohydrate. Zafferano and Garmigiano are the two special ingredients that are not often used in Chinese cuisine. It is similar to Chinese rice, but a bit harder and less cooked.

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Restaurant

Local Citzen

Travel Expert

Local Food Suggestions

CommentSuggest

Suggest

Promote

Lived Expertise Based Suggestion

Comment

Suggest

6.4 System Mock-up

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TravelerHealth Data /

Environment Data

Local Food Suggestions

FittingCondition

Choose

Comment

Data Based Selection

I created the system map to explain the food suggestion processes. There are two phase of suggestion: firstly, travel experts and local citizens can suggest the healthy food they know, and restaurants or food stores can also suggest the food they sell in their store. This phase is called “Lived Expertise Based Suggestion”. Secondly, according to the health data (ex. Personal health condition) and environment data ( ex. Season and weather), the system will make a selection among the former list. After this “data based selection, the user will get a list of “local food suggestions that fit his/her personal condition”.

Fig 6.10: System mockup

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I made a brief storyboard to visualize the three main steps of the user experience:

Firstly, the user registers in the service. This cre-ates the data-base, either by getting access to a wearable device, or by manually making a health profile . Secondly, the user gets the personal lo-cal food suggestions that fit his condition. And he makes a choice by checking the ingredients,nu-trition facts, and comments. Thirdly, he arrives at the restaurant, enjoys his food, and leaves a feedback to support nutrition plan and the other users’ choice.

Fig 6.11: Storyboard Mock-up

Besides, I also designed two example pages of the user interface. The first page is the user pro-file and food suggestion page. Health and envi-ronment profile, and the photos of the suggested food are showed on this page. And second ex-ample page is for visualizing a single dish: Risotto alla Milanese. By showing the keywords, photos (or icons), and the comments prioritized by na-tionalities, this pages allows the users to get to know the dish without spending too much time.

6.5 Interface Mock-up

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Fig 6.12: Interface Mock-up

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-“ Evaluation”

Since the aim of my research is creating future vision, instead of building the service based on current touch-point devices like phone and tab-lets, I will design the interface based on new de-vices like wearable products. Future also allows

more possibilities of interaction. The gesture controlling needs to be more flexible and the

interface should not stay only inside the frame. More futuristic features should be brought to the

visual design.

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“Eat-in” Service Development

7“EAT-IN”

Service Development

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7.1.1 Eat-in

As its name goes, “EATIN” is a combination of two words - “eat” and “in”, which explains the aim of the service: offering information about eat-ing in a unfamiliar city. It is easy to pronounce and remembered by people from different coun-tries. “Find local and healthy food on the way” is defined as the sub-title for giving a further ex-planation of the name: the service is aimed to spread healthy local food and stimulate healthy food culture; and the main use case of the ser-vice is traveling.

The slogan of the service is derived from two questions: Are you traveling in a new land and looking for the typical food to try out? Are you will-

7.1 Service Value Proposition

ing to explore a new dish but wondering whether it suits you or not? These two often-asked ques-tions perfectly demonstrated the potential need of the service. According to your health condi-tion, taste, preference and travel activities, Eat-in brings you accurate first-hand food suggestions to help you make smart choices among the local healthy food in a city. The goal of the service is to connect three types of information: Health Data, Food Data, and Culture Interpretation. Most of the problems are caused by the lack of understanding while travelers entering a new environment. With the rapid development of “Big Data” technology, in

Fig 7.1: Logo of “Eatin”

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“Are you traveling in a new land and looking for the typical food to try out? Are you willing to explore a new dish but wondering whether it suits you or not?

According to your health condition, tastes preference and travel activities, Eat-in brings

you first-hand food suggestions to helps you make smart choices among the local healthy food in a city.”

HealthData-base

FoodData-base

CultureInterpretation

Fig 7.2: Value proposition of “Eatin”

the near future, we could imagine that personal health data and local food data will all be collect-ed and be stored in the cloud. Food data-base will ensure EATIN offer accurate information of the healthy food in any environment at any time, and personal health data-base will enable EATIN to further select healthy food depending on each traveler’s individual health condition and daily ac-tivity.

However, bringing a personal list of food sugges-tion is not the final goal of the service. There is another important and difficult task: to help trav-elers understand the food they are eating and the local culture behind the food. Therefore, we need another kind of information called “culture inter-pretation” - a way to explain the information and culture with understandable “languages” such as photo, keyword, videos,, and feedback from the people with similar backgrounds.

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7.1.2 The Elevator Pitch

Elevator Pitch is a business oriented presentation used to quickly and simply define a process, product, service, organization, or event and its value proposition. I borrowed it here to help think about the core value that I plan to create.

Target Customer - Travelers Customer Need - They are interested in the local food but have insufficient knowledge about the in-gredients and food culture.Service Name - EatinMarket Category - Health-data-based and human-powered menu serviceLocation - In the cityOne Key Benefit - Suggests food which fits travelers’ health condition, preference and activitiesCompetition - TripadvisorUnique Differentiator - The service offers health-centered and personalized food suggestions which are co-defined by the local shops, the local citizens and the travelers with the similar culture background.

"For travelers who are interested in the local food but have insufficient knowl-edge about the ingredients and food culture, Eatin, a health data-based and hu-man-powered menu service, can support them to make smart choices among the local healthy food in the city. Based on travelers' health condition, pref-erence and activities, Eatin suggests them the food which fits them the best. Unlike Tripadvisor, the service offers health-centered and personalized food suggestions which are co-defined by the local shops, the local citizens and the travelers with the similar culture background."

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“Expand the ‘capabilities’ of people to lead the kind of lives they value - and have reason to value.” Amartya Sen

7.2.1 User Segment

Users can be categorized to two main types: Individual User (the Travelers)and Commercial User (the food stores and restaurants). These two types of users join in the ser-vice with very different reason. The travelers are looking for healthy local food, more chances to share their experience and interact with other travelers. And the food shops and restaurants aim to promote their chief’s special and featured food, as well as spread their attitude and culture towards food.

To actually create a service, it is necessary to involve the targeted users step by step. Each type of user are further segmented according to their stage of entering the service. Categories of Innovation Model (E.M. Rogers, Diffusion of Innovativeness, 4th edition, New York: The Free Press, 1995) divided people into five categories: Innovator, Early Adopters, Early Majority, Late Majority, and Laggards.

Individual User (Travelers)

Commercial User (Food Shops/Restaurants)

7.2 User Segment

Fig 7.3: Two type of users

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RATE

TIMELead Users

Early Adopters

RoutineUsers

To simplify the categorization and still being able to identify the critical traits of the demographic, I divided the users into 3 categories: lead users, early adopters and routine users.

Lead users have new product or service needs that will be general in a marketplace, but it usually take months or even years before the bulk of the market encounters them. Lead users are not the same as “early adopters”—users who are among the first people to purchase an existing product or service. Lead users’ needs for products and services usually do not exist on the market. Lead users expect to benefited significantly by finding a solution which fit their needs. As a result, they often develop new products or services them-selves because they can’t or don’t want to wait for them to become available commercially.

In this case, the individual users and the com-mercial users both can be divided into several groups. For travelers, I consider the “young fre-quent travelers” and “travel foodies” as the lead users. Since they are sensitive to the new tech-nologies, and they have rich lived experience and strong willing to share their food experience.

Fig 7.4: User segments over time

Reference: E.M. Rogers, Diffusion of Innovativeness, 4th edition, New York: The Free Press, 1995

Their expertise can be used to build the data base of the local food.

“Experienced retiree travelers” and “family trav-elers” are defined as the “early adopters”. From their previous travel experience, they understand the difficulty of searching food and tend to have strong will to learn local culture. Compared with the users who did not have international travel-ing experience, they have stronger motivation to adopt the service. Early adopters’ activities will influence the “ retiree travelers without interna-tional travel experience” and “the other non-ex-perienced travelers”. They will be the routine us-ers after the first 3-5 years.

On the other hand, the commercial users can also be chronologically categorized into two stages. In the early stage, Eatin will focus on the “food stores and restaurants which set ‘healthy food’ as their main value” and “some typical lo-cal food shops”. Partnering with them, “Eatin” could build its reputation and spread its idea of “enjoy healthy food” and “try exotic food”. Later on, more and more food stores and restaurants could involved.

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7.2.2 Persona

Age 26Location SingaporeEducation Master DegreeOccupation University StudentFamily Status SingleLanguage English/ MandarinHobbies Food Photography

Travel Experience 18 Countries in Europe, Asia, and South AmericaTravel Habit Traveling Alone

Health Condition Allergic RhinitisFood Allergy Wheat/ Dairy

Motivation Get to know new food and try them outGoal Share photos and experience with more peopleFrustration Without many chances to share experience

Lifestyle

Fig 7.5: Persona - Food ExplorerSource: www.instagram.com

PERSONAL

TRAVELHEALTH

MO

TIVATION

FOOD EXPLORER

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Age 60/65Location ChinaEducation UndergraduateOccupation RetireeFamily Status MarriedLanguage MandarinHobbies Reading/ Sports

Travel Experience Travel Aboard TwiceTravel Habit Traveling Slowly

Health Condition Atomic Dermatitis/ High Blood SugarFood Allergy Egg/ Seafood

Motivation Eat safety and healthy on the wayGoal Explore the world after retirementFrustration Cannot understand the local language

Lifestyle

Fig 7.6: Active retiree, Source: www.instagram.com

PERSONAL

TRAVELHEALTH

MO

TIVATION

ACTIVE RETIREE

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Age 35Location ItalyEducation UndergraduateOccupation Cheese MakerFamily Status SingleLanguage ItalianHobbies Cooking/ Music/ Painting

Travel Experience Traveled Around EuropeTravel Habit Traveling with Friends

Health Condition Good Food Allergy Nuts

Motivation Promote his handmade foodGoal Spread healthy food and slow food cultureFrustration Without a platform to express the value

Lifestyle

Fig 7.7: Persona - Food ExplorerSource: www.instagram.com

PERSONAL

TRAVELHEALTH

MO

TIVATION

CHEESE PRODUCER

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7.3 Information Flow

REGISTERSHOP

SUGGESTFOOD

BRANDLOCATION

OPEN-TIME

1 PHOTO4 KEYWORDS

INGREDIENTSNUTRITION

1 PHOTO1 COMMENT

REGISTER

HEALTHCONDITION

REALTIMELOCATION

FOOD PREFERENCE

TRIPSTARTS

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Fig 7.8: Service Information Flow

The information on the plat-form will be co-built by the commercial users and the individual users. The food stores or restaurants reg-ister with “brand”, “shop location” and “openning hours”; while the travelers register with their “health condition” and “food pref-erence”. Both shops and travelers can suggest the health food they wish to recommend to other us-ers. The service will limit the amount of information to a specific food/ dish: 1 photo, 4 keywords, ingre-dients, nutrition, 1 photo and 1 short comment.

ENJOYFOOD

GET PERSONALIZEDFOOD SUGGESTIONS

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7.4 User Journey

How will “Eatin” support the travelers step by step? Here is an imaginary story of an Asian couple’s trip to milan in 2025. I visualized the journey with the actions of the users (the traveling couple and the local restaurant) and actions of the touch-points (wearable device, personal device, and big touch screen).

The whole journey include four phases: connecting to the service by taking a photo of the logo in the airport; receiving real time personal food suggestions, enjoying the food with the customized services, and finally suggesting the food to the other users.

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CONNECT TO THE SERVICE

Get access to the service by taking a photo of the logo.

Advertising logo in the airport and train station.

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Understand the service through the introductions/ instructions.

Instruction step by step, and video to express the mission.


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Register by connecting to the device.

Connect to the personal wearable device.

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Check food allergy and preference info, and manually update the list.

Automatically gets food allergy and preference info from other applications.


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Receive user profile.

Generate user profile.


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GET FOOD SUGGESTIONS

Look for food in an unfamiliar city.

Get access to real-time location and travel activity data.

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Check the suggestions list generated according to the personal data.

Show the photo clouds of the suggested food.


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Understand the details of the interested dishes.

Show the details of the food: nutrition, ingredients, likes, and comments.

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Check chef’s suggestion, travelers’ comments, and location/opening hours


Show the suggestions, and navigate the user to the store.

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Receive user’ reservation and prepare service for them.

Generate the booking data.

ENJOY THE FOOD

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Send “like” to the shop, leave comments and upload photo, and share the food.

Ask if the user “liked” the food. Save the food into suggestions list.

SUGGEST THE FOOD

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7.5 Business Model

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Fig 7.9: Business Model

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data mining. For instance, which type of the us-ers enjoyed the food more, and which types of dishes getting higher sanctification rate. It can even predict which kind of users would be willing to come to the restaurant and restaurants can tailor their menu accordingly. Besides, Eatin will also provide consulting service to assist the store to rearrange the nutrition composition of their dishes.

To make the vision come true, Eatin will need a lot of support and professional suggestions from three key partners: the food info providers (the existing local food information applications, food photographers and dietitians); the data driven health and fitness service providers (the wearable device producers and health service providers); and travel service providers (the on-line travel in-formation platforms and travel experts).

Since “Eatin” targets on the year of 2025, it re-quires long term planning and investment. The service has two main value propositions: for the short time arrangement, a data-driven and hu-man-powered food suggestion service will be built to support travelers make smart decisions in choosing healthy and personalized food. In the long run, the value of the service will not solely be limited as an accurate suggestion but will be unique a food information sharing platform which spreads the idea and culture of “eat local” and “eat healthy”.

In the first few years, the biggest cost of the ser-vice will be advertising. Attracting high quality early stage users and arouse other potential us-ers’ interests requires upfront investment. After the service is built, and operates stably, the main cost will be data maintenance. Keeping a large amount of user data and food data in storage will become the biggest challenge of the service. Eatin will get its revenue mainly from the com-mercial users: it charges a certain premium for analysis service such as data visualization and

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7.6 Road Map

First Phase(2015-2018)

Second Phase(2018-2021)

Milestones: 2015--2016 Conduct extensive market research to identify lead users (innovators), and arouse their’ inter-ests and encourage them to share their vision, needs and experiences. Start to build an early community of lead users. Stay aware of the other components in the market such as competitors and threats from new en-trants and substitutes. 2016--2017 Based on positive feedback from early stage research, create service prototype or mock up with current available technology, and collect users’ feedback for future implementation. Meanwhile, seek early stage support from angel funding source and get potential VC’s interests.

2017--2018 Implement Beta version of the system and bring it online with preliminary facility for data stor-age. Involve early adopters in testing. Leverage it for getting more support from VC seed funding sources.

Milestones: 2018--2019 Spend some resources on getting more public attention and user adoption (routine user). With a successful expansion of the market size and user group, the system would be able to collect more ac-

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curate and more valuable data. At the mean time, pru-dently expand the core team of development and keep the running cost low. 2019--2020 Stabilize the traction of the company. Based on positive previous development, the team should be able to stabilize its funding source. Keep updating the system and expanding the market size as well as the user group.

2020--2021 Time to go big! Scale up if everything goes well. Shoot for next rounds large VC fundings. Recruit high-profile experts in related domain (famous gourmet, data scientists, nutritionists, and etc.) to en-sure company’s core intelligence and R&D capability. Moderately expand the core management team.

Goal: 2021-2025 Look for opportunities for IPO. Keep up with successful experiences from the past and learn lessons from previous failures. Establish Eatin’s brand and culture.

Hope our dream could come true: Eliminate the barrier of understanding exotic food, and bring food data to everybody and everywhere!

BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES

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TABLE OF FIGURES

Fig 1.1: Welcome to the future, @ www.qastme.comFig 1.2: Model of Research ApproachFig 1.3: 5 Steps to organize research resultsFig 1.4: Emerging social and culture trendsFig 1.5: 8 Future TechnologiesFig 1.6: TEDx City 2.0, @ plus.google.comFig 1.7: The future cityFig 1.8: The future healthcare

Fig 2.1: Three Upcoming PhenomenonFig 2.2: Brainstorming MapFig 2.3: Europe Population by age prediction 2015 vs 2025, @ United Nations Population DivisionFig 2.4: East Asian population by age prediction 2015 vs 2025, @ United Nations Population DivisionFig 2.5: Lynne and Tim, @ www.bloomberg.comFig 2.6: Zhang and Yang, @ www.xinli001.comFig 2.7: The elder feels sickFig 2.8: Traveling risks in travelingFig 2.9: New technology brings new futureFig 2.10: Traveling Experience MapFig 2.11: Research Scope

Fig 3.1: Logo of Apple HealthFig 3.2: Logo of Microsoft HealthVaultFig 3.3: The Microsoft HealthVault Future, @ www.coolinfographics.comFig 3.4: Logo of Omada HealthFig 3.5: Omada Helath, Source: omadahealth.comFig 3.6: Logo of MisfitFig 3.7: Logo of JawboneFig 3.8: System Map of Mitfit

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Fig 3.9: System Map of JawboneFig 3.10: Website of Airbnb, @ www.airbnb.comFig 3.11: Website of Piacere, Milano, @ www.piaceremilano.itFig 3.12: Website of Vayable, @ www.vayable.comFig 3.13: Website of Tripadvisor, @ www.tripadvisor.comFig 3.14: Website of Localeur, @ www.localeur.comFig 3.15: Infography of Data Driven Health ServiceFig 3.16: Infography of Community Based Travel Service

Fig 4.1: Chinese senior travelersFig 4.2: Interview invitation letterFig 4.3: Intervieweeparticipants InformationFig 4.4: Interview participantsFig 4.5: The coming up huge market, @ mybesttraveltips.comFig 4.6: Travel slower, travel smarter, @ kawaweuropie.wordpress.comFig 4.7: There are fences between us,@ www.flickr.comFig 4.8: Ignore problems by closing eyes, @ twitter.comFig 4.9: Individuality vs. Diversity, @ plus.google.comFig 4.10: Travel makes me tired, @ plus.google.comFig 4.11: Daily diets as difficult choices, @ www.mydealz.deFig 4.12: Depends on whom I trust @ ambitioninthecity.com

Fig 5.1: Affinity Diagram to gather Insights from the Top FindingsFig 5.2: Design ScenarioFig 5.3: Three Ideas from up to down: human-powered insurance; eating by understanding; and walking planFig 5.4: Breakfast around the world, @ visual.ly

Fig 6.1: Milan Duomo, @ italia.evolutiontravel.it

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Fig 6.2: Happyhour in Milan, @ misiedo.comFig 6.3: Healthy food v.s.Unhealthy Food,@ www.elevangelioeterno.comFig 6.4: Typpical Milanese DishFig 6.5: Wellknown Italian FoodFig 6.6:Menu of Panino Giusto, @ www.promoqui.itFig 6.7: Four Resturant Suggestion App, From left to right: Foursquare, Zomato, Tipadvisor, QyerFig 6.8: Lonely Planet - Italy, @ www.downking.orgFig 6.9: Building the culture gapFig 6.10: System mockupFig 6.11: Storyboard Mock-upFig 6.12: Interface Mock-up

Fig 7.1: Logo of “Eatin”Fig 7.2: Value proposition of “Eatin”Fig 7.3: Two tyoe of usersFig 7.4: User segments over time@ E.M. Rogers, Diffusion of Innovativeness, 4th edition, New York: The Free Press, 1995Fig 7.5: Persona - Food Explorer,@ www.instagram.comFig 7.6: Active retiree, @ www.instagram.comFig 7.7: Persona - Food Explorer, Source: www.instagram.comFig 7.8: Service Information FlowFig 7.9: Business Model

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http://www.piaceremilano.ithttp://www.tripadvisor.comhttp://www.localeur.comhttp://mybesttraveltips.comhttp://kawaweuropie.wordpress.comhttp://www.flickr.comhttp://twitter.comhttp://ambitioninthecity.comhttp://www.mydealz.dehttp://www.elevangelioeterno.comhttp://visual.lyhttp://talia.evolutiontravel.ithttp://misiedo.comhttp://www.elevangelioeterno.comhttp://www.promoqui.ithttp://www.downking.orghttp://www.instagram.comhttp://khazarislands.comhttp://www.bakuwhitecity.com

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BIBLIOGRAPHY - VIDEOS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This project has been a long and adventurous journey for me. By this research, I learned a lot of new knowledges as well as practiced my research and design skills. I would like to extend my gratitude to the many people who helped to bring this research project to fruition.

Firstly, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor Prof. Valentina Auricchio for the con-tinuous support of my thesis research, for her patience, motivation, and immense knowledge. Her guid-ance helped me in all the time of research and writing of this thesis. I would not be finishing this thesis without her support.

I also thank my friends who encouraged me and supported my research this year. Billy, thank you for your very valuable comments on this thesis. I have learned so much by discussing with you. Vincent, thanks to your patience over time. You can always light me up when I lost my direction. Weiwu, thanks to your kindness and the resources you brought to me. I could not reach the goal without your help. Alessandro and Gabriele, it was the best experience to spend my days with you last summer. During that period, I have gained a lot of experience and knowledge about Italian food and culture.

My sincere thanks also goes to Prof. Hideaki Takabe, Prof. Zhizhong Xing, Prof. Dan Ye and all the other user interview participants. Thank you for joining in my user interviews and sharing your peculiar experi-ences with me which poured great insight into my work.

Last but not the least, I would like to thank my parents for supporting me spiritually throughout writing this thesis and my life in general. Thank you very much!

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WELCOMINGTHE

FUTURE

EATINFind local and healthy food on your way

A FUTURE VISION OF DATA-DRIVEN HEALTHY FOOD SUGGESTION