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Principles of Plan Composition
Theory of ArchitectureArch. Maribel C. Tubera
Good planning is not the placing of areas together in an aimless way.
A logical planning have a reason behind it – “a parti”, or scheme.
A good plan should be organic, that is, it should be organized that the composition will be disturbed if one element is moved.
A plan may be simple or complex, depending upon the use of the building.
PLAN
A guide to be a good planner
The principles of plan composition are:
A.Primary principles
1. Contrast (size, shape, character, direction)
2. Balance (Symmetrical & unsymmetrical)3. Emphasis
B.Secondary Principles
1. Repetition2. Alternation3. Transition4. Transformation
CONTRAST
Is used to give interest or emphasis by producing
a. Difference in sizes of areasb. Variation of shapesc. Contrast in characterd. Contrast in direction
Sizes
Shapes
Character
OPEN
CLOSED
CLOSED
Major Axis
Minor Axis
90 ˚
Direction
Direction
R O A D
MAJOR AXIS TRANSVERSE
R O A D
MAJOR AXIS LONGITUDINAL
BALANCE
2 Types of balance 1. Symmetrical
a. Bilateral symmetry
b. Radial symmetry
2. Unsymmetrical
EMPHASIS
The visual emphasis can be achieved by endowing a form or shape with:
a. Exceptional sizeb. A unique shapec. Strategic location
EMPHASIS
Secondary Principles
Repetition
Sydney Opera House
PLAN
Floor Plan of a Row house
Alternation – a synonym for contrast.
Transition
123
L'Hemisfèric (Planetarium) (1991)Valencia Science Centre, SpainThe eye with its emphasis on the pupil intrigues Calatrava and is a prominent motif in his drawings and design. The pool alongside the building reflects the semi-elliptical Planetarium, completing its form to the full shape of the eye.
Transformation
SANTIAGO CALATRAVATurning Torso, Malmö, Sweden
The 190 meter tall concrete and steel tower turns 90 degrees from bottom to top.
Transformation
The Milwaukee Art Museum, Milwaukee, Wisconsin Calatrava's designs are often inspired by nature, featuring a combination of organic forms and technological innovation. The Milwaukee Art Museum expansion incorporates multiple elements inspired by the Museum's lakefront location. Among the many maritime elements in Calatrava's design are: movable steel louvers inspired by the wings of a bird; a cabled pedestrian bridge with a soaring mast inspired by the form or a sailboat and a curving single-storey galleria reminiscent of a wave.
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