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Permaculture for Farmers: Crops, Patterns, Polycultures. Presented at the 2010 Northeast Organic Farming Association Conference by Ethan Roland and Benneth Phelps - read more and donwload resources at http://www.appleseedpermaculture.com/blog
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Permaculture for Farmers Ecological Production by Design
Benneth G. Phelps, Mosaic FarmEthan C. Roland, AppleSeed Permaculture
Terra GenesisInternational
ApiosInstitute
Permaculture for Farmers
Permaculture Design
• Definition - Ethics - Principles
The Permaculture Pie
perennial vegetables
coppice woodcrafts & biomass
composting & compost tea
biochar/terra preta
apiculture
aquaculture
edible forest gardening
mycoscaping
bioremediation
earthworks
keyline
natural building green architecture
management-intensive grazing
alternativecurrencies
food forestry
• ]
Design Tools
• Zones of Use
• Sector Analysis
• Keyline Design
Zones of Use
Camp
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 1
Zone 3
Zone 2
Zone 1
Zone 3Zone 4
Zone 2
Zone 1
Sector Analysis
Sector Thinking: Windbreaks
Sector Thinking: Windbreaks
Zone 1
Keyline Design
Keyline: Catch and Store Energy
Source: Permaculture: A Designers Manual
Catch+store
Yobarnie
Keyline Plow
Carbon Farmers of America
Keyline DesignSunday 1:00pm - Campus Center 804-08
Permaculture for Farmers
Crop Design Process
Crop Design Process
Key Concepts
" A geographic group of site-level ecosystems." -Bailey, 1998
"The growing of more than species or crop in the same
space at the same time"
-Jacke & Toensmeier, 2005
Main Crops
• Annuals
• Perennials
• Berries
• Orchard fruits
• Nuts
• Animals (fish, fowl, ruminants)
• Fungi
(Starting and Managing a CSA with Permaculture Principles, Sunday 8:00am Campus center 803)
Perennial Vegetables
• Permaculture Principle: Least effort for large effect• Plants w/ a 3-3000+ year lifespan• Not destroyed by harvesting•
LOW MAINTENANCE• Only plant once• Years of harvests• No digging or tilling• Resist pests, weeds, drought• Extend harvest season• Excellent yield/time
Slide: Eric Toensmeier
Perennial Vegetables
Nettle
Urtica dioica
Asparagus
Asparagus officinalis
Rhubarb
Rheum x cultorum
French sorrel
Rumex acetosa
Some (More) Common Perennial Vegetables
Slide: Eric Toensmeier
Sea Kale
(Crambe maritima)
Multiplier Onion (Allium cepa-aggregatum)
• Shallot, walking onion, chive, garlic chives
Skirret (Sium sisarum)
Climbing Spinach (Hablitzia tamnoides)
Climbing Spinach (Hablitzia tamnoides)
Go see Jonathan @ Food Forest Farm Tent!
Berries
Currants(Ribes spp.)
Juneberry(Amelanchier spp.)
Orchard Fruits
Pawpaw (Asimina triloba)
Mulberry – Morus spp.
42
Pears (Pyrus spp.)
Nuts
Chestnut
Pine Nut
Hazelnut(Corylus spp.)
Hazelnut(Corylus spp.)
Animals
Pigs
Pigs
Chickens
Fungi
Winecap Strophaia
Shitake
Oyster
Support Crops
Types
• Trees
• Shrubs
• Groundcovers
Functions
• Biomass
• Accumulators
• Insectaries
Trees
Black & Honey Locust
Grey & Italian Alder
Grey & Italian Alder
Willow
Shrubs
Pea Shrub
Seaberry(Hippophae rhamnoides)
Goumi
Groundcovers
Trefoil(s)
Comfrey(s)
Comfrey(s)
Insectaries
Landscape Pattern:
Production Polyculture
Species
• Plants, animals, fungi
Vegetable Block:
Salad Hedge
Species
• Fresh eating: Linden, mulberry, sassafrass; saltbush, carolina silverbell
• Cooked: Goji, fragrant spring tree, pea shrub
Vegetable Block:
Salad Hedge
Vegetable Block:
Salad Hedge
Orchard/Forest Garden:
Uncommon Fruit Orchard
Pawpaw
Asian Pear
Hazelnut
Orchard/Forest Garden:
Uncommon Fruit Orchard
Comfrey, chive, sorrel, anise hyssop, and chicory groundcover
Alley Cropping:
Fruit trees & annuals
MOFGA Fairgrounds, Unity, ME
• Apples, plums, pears
• Pea shrub, grass, clover
• Sweet peppers, kale
Alley Cropping:
Fruit trees & annuals
Windbreak:
Nut Pines
Windbreak:
Nut Pines & Fruit
83
Agroforestry:
Pancake Polyculture
Sugar Maple
BlackWalnut
Birch
Oak
Chestnut
Understory Fruits:
Black raspberry,Red currant,
Black currant
Pawpaw
Agroforestry:
Kazakh Mimic
Agroforestry:
Kazakh Mimic
Prairie Mimic:
The Land Institute
Species
• Wild Senna
• Illinois bundleflower
• Hybrid sorghum
• Maximilian sunflower
• Leymus racemosus
• Tripsacum dactyloides
Silvopasture:
Red Pine, Cows, Grass
Silvopasture:
Pigs & Nuts
Species
• Heritage-breed pigs
• Pasture grass & legume mix
• Black walnut, butternut, heartnut, chestnut, hickory, northern pecan, oak
Polyface Farm
Silvopasture:
Pigs & Nuts
Rotational Grazing:
Animal Tractors
Polyface Farm
Rotational Grazing:
Animal Tractors
Rotational Grazing:
Animal Tractors
Stone Barns Center
CH_CS_fish1
Photo: Ethan Roland
Cascade SystemsWadenswil Agriculture Research Station, Switzerland
Aquaculture:
Tilapia / Tropics
Tilapia
94
CH_CS_waterflow
Photo: Ethan Roland
CH_CS_parsley
Photo: Ethan Roland
ParsleyTomatoes
Aquaponics
CH_CS_papaya
CH_CS_banana
• Vegetable Blocks
• Berry Blocks
• Orchard / Forest Garden
• Alley cropping
• Agroforestry
• Windbreaks
• Prarie mimic
• Silvopasture
• Rotational Grazing
• Aquaculture
• Salad Hedge
• Mini-thickets
• Uncommon orchard
• Fruit trees & animals
• Pancake polyculture
• Korean nut pine
• Land Institute
• Pigs & nuts
• Animal tractor
• Tilapia/tropics
Production Polyculture
Landscape Pattern
Permaculture for Farmers
Eco-Ag Design Tool
Next Steps
• Permaculture Track @ NOFA-SC
• Northeastern Permaculture Wiki:
• www.nepc.wikispaces.com
• Permaculture Design Course
• Consulting w/ Benneth & Ethan
Questions?
Benneth G. Phelps, Mosaic FarmEthan C. Roland, AppleSeed Permaculture
Permaculture for Farmers Ecological Production by Design
Benneth G. Phelps, Mosaic FarmEthan C. Roland, AppleSeed Permaculture
RegenerativeDesign Group
ApiosInstitute