HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE

TOPIC: LOUIS SULLIVAN

I.T.M SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND TOWN PLANNING, LUCKNOW , 2015-16

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:AR.SHIVA GUPTA VISHAL AWASTHI SHIVAM KUMAR SHIVANGI YADAV ADIL ALI

LOUIS HENRY SULLIVAN

(1856- 1924) 1. LOUIS HENRY SULLIVAN WAS BORN ON 3RD

SEPTEMBER 1856.2. HE WAS AN AMERICAN ARCHITECT.3. LOUIS STUDIED ARCHITECTURE AT

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (M.I.T) AND TRAINING AT ÉCOL DES BEAUX-ARTS, PARIS.

4. HE WORKED UNDER ARCHITECTS FRANK FURNESS (IN PHILADELPHIA) AND WILLIAM LEBARON JENNEY THE SO-CALLED "FATHER OF THE SKYSCRAPER.“ IN CHICAGO.

5. AFTER TRAINING, HE FORMED THE FIRM ALDER AND SULLIVAN IN CHICAGO IN 1881.

6. THE BUILDINGS BY ALDER AND SULLIVAN WERE AT THE LEADING EDGE OF AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE AND SKYSCRAPER DESIGN, AND WERE KNOWN FOR THEIR GORGEOUS AND TASTEFUL ORNAMENTATION.

FORM EVER FOLLOWS FUNCTION WAS HIS FAMOUS DICTUM (LUDWIG MIES VAN DER ROHE LATER SAID "FORM IS FUNCTION").

ALSO IN THIS LATER PHASE OF HIS CAREER, SULLIVAN WROTE BOOKS ON WHAT CAME TO BE CALLED ORGANIC ARCHITECTURE..

SULLIVAN INSISTED THAT ARCHITECTURE HAD TO EMBODY THE HUMAN CONNECTION WITH NATURE AND TO DEMOCRACY, WHILE STILL ACCEPTING THE MOST MODERN FUNCTIONAL NEEDS AND MATERIALS.THE BOOK TITLES WERE KINDERGARTEN CHATS AND AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF AN IDEA .

WORKS OF LOUIS SULLIVAN1. JEWELERS BUILDING 2. KAUFMANN STORE

3. MID-NORTH DISTRICT 4.AUDITORIUM BUILDING5.ELIEL HOUSE 6. DEXTER BUILDING7. PILGREM BAPTIST CHURCH 8.GETTY TOMB9. CHARNLEY HOUSE 10. HASKELL-BARKER –ATWATER BUILD.11. CARSON PIRIE SCOTT 12.GAGE GROUP13. HOLY CATHEDRAL CHURCH 14. KRAUSE MUSIC BUILDING

Jeweler’s building✣ IT HAS A BOLD CORNICE ON THE TOP OF BUILDING.

IT HAS RECESSED GLASS WINDOWS IN THE FACADE.

THE BUILDING HAS A MONUMENTAL SCALE AND OF THE MOST FAMOUS SKYSCRAPERS MADE BY SULLIVAN.

THE GROUND FLOOR IS SUPPORTED ON COLUMNS HAVING BOLD CAPITALS.

BRADLEY HOUSE ( 1910)THOUGH PERHAPS BEST KNOWN FOR HIS PUBLIC BUILDINGS IN LATE 19TH CENTURY CHICAGO, LOUIS SULLIVAN WAS ALSO A SUPERB RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECT, MASTER OF THE STYLE LATER DEVELOPED FURTHER BY FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT.

ONE QUALITY CONSISTENT IN THE SPACES OF SULLIVAN'S HOUSES IS THEIR INSERTION IN AN EMBRACING RECTANGULAR PRISM THROUGH WHICH THE MAJOR AND MINOR AXES STRUGGLE.

SULLIVAN'S WALLS ARE THICK, THE WINDOWS DEEPLY INSET.

BRADLEY’S HOUSE

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

VIEW OF HOUSE

INTERIOR OF HOUSE

(CARSON PIRIE SCOTT) CONSTRUCTED IN TWO PHASES IN 1899 AND 1903-4. THE HORIZONTAL LINE, RATHER THAN THE VERTICAL, IS

DOMINANT, WITH THE BROAD SPANDREL PANELS BROUGHT UP FLUSH WITH THE NARROW VERTICAL PIERS.

THE TRIPARTITE DIVISION IS PRESENT WITH GROUND FLOOR WINDOWS RICHLY ENCRUSTED WITH CAST IRON FRAMES BY SULLIVAN AND HIS ASSISTANT ELMSLIE, (B) MIDSECTION, AND (C) THE TERMINATING ATTIC AND CORNICE SLAB.

GLAZED WHITE TERRA COTTA HAS BEEN USED. THE FIRST 9 STOREYS WERE BUILT DURING FIRST PHASE WHILE

THE OTHER 12 STOREY WAS BUILT DURING THE SECOND PHASE.

SULLIVAN'S BUILDING FINALLY COMPRISED A SEVEN BY EIGHT BAY LOFT VOLUME WITH EACH STRUCTURAL BAY MEASURING APPROXIMATELY 22 BY 20 FEET."

(CARSON PIRIE SCOTT)

ST. PAUL CHURCH (1910-1914)

A BUILDING QUITE DEVOID OF ORNAMENT MAY CONVEY A NOBLE AND DIGNIFIED SENTIMENT BY VIRTUE OF MASS AND PROPORTION.

MADE IN BRICK MASONRY.ARCHES HAVE BEEN USED IN THE OPENINGS.

WAINWRIGHT BUILDING- STEEL FRAME CLAD IN MASONRY.

EARLY SKYSCRAPER,COMMERCIAL OFFICE TOWER. AN EARLY TALL BUILDING (10 STORIES) WITH AN ALL STEEL FRAME.TO IMPART VERTICAL EMPHASIS TO THE BUILDING'S OVERALL FORM.THE TWO-STOREY BASE OF THE CLASSICAL TRIPARTITE COMPOSITION IS FACED IN FINE RED SANDSTONE SET ON A TWO-FOOT-HIGH STRING COURSE OF RED MISSOURI GRANITE. WHILE THE MIDDLE SECTION CONSISTS OF RED BRICK PILASTERS WITH DECORATED TERRACOTTA SPANDRELS, THE TOP IS RENDERED AS A DEEP OVERHANGING CORNICE FACED IN AN ORNAMENTED TERRA COTTA SKIN TO MATCH THE ENRICHMENT OF THE SPANDRELS AND THE PILASTERS BELOW.

Thank you