KITs K Iaohsiung nfo- ransportation ystem T SIdea for Action Kaohsiung International Competition

Bao-Wen Chen, Master of Engineering ‘11, University of TokyoTien Ling, Master of Architecture ‘09, Cornell University

Yin-Hsuan Sung, Master of Engineering in Building and Planning ‘10, National Taiwan University

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As the environmental crisis has begun connecting everyone’s welfare and misery, how do we make people more aware that the citizens as a whole are on the same boat?

As the world is becoming more interconnected and intelligent, how does Kaohsiung grasp the opportunity to set a brand-new trend?

As the transit network is expected to be completed in near future, how do we help people change their transportation habits to make the city sustainable?

Those are the questions that the 21st century Kaohsiung City, on the way to be advanced, creative and international, has to answer before proceed to the future.

f more people use buses, the environment would be better Iand safer. But who is going to

take the first step to make the change? How can we ever reach an agreement?

ir quality is worse than Aever.

iding a bike in this sea of scooters, cars and buses is Ran act of suicide.

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With the rapid expansion of public transportation (supply-side approach to tackling transportation issues), we usher for a new and complement paradigm in the city’s transport planning methodology, that is, demand-side approach, which has a higher benefit-cost ratio and is much more politically viable.

annual environmental liability produced, in tons

: KMRT rapid transit, operating since 200843 2 kilometers in lines

782 motorcycles / people1000 : highest motorcycle ownership in Taiwan

: commuters via public transportation everyday, comparing to in Taipei City41.6%4.3%

135,194 CO

14,626 NOx

23,138 NMHC

1,181 SOx

: Light rail transit, expected in 201719.6 kilometers

: public city bikes in operation1500 50 C-Bikes in locations+

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Problems of Existing Transportation Information Systems in Kaohsiung

Lack of Portal Integration: Several independence transportation websites, each with its own focus, function, and user interface. No general web portal.

Lack of Intermodal and Transfer Information: No integration of transfer information is provided; users need to go through all websites to gather information.

Lack of User Differentiation: No context-awareness information; user-friendliness is often low.

Lack of Social and Environmental Interaction

Lack of Stability and Usability: Requiring plugins that are inaccessible or unnecessary; broken website contents

Real-time Bus Information: Malfunctioning.

Real-time Traffic Information: lack of user / tourist friendly interface; no integration with traffic service providers

Unnecessary plug-in requirement hindering novice users

Too much information; lack of clear and legible interface

Lack of website maintainance

Presenting Information For:

CommutersUrban Planners

Transport PlannersEnvironmentalists

Tourists

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One Single Portal for Integrated Traffic Information

Gathering Information From:

Incorporate Information From:

CONTEXT-AWARENESS: personalized information for every user, create user group connection

ORIGIN AND DESTINATION: provide travel information based on user’s point of view

ACCESSIBILITY: use intuitive online interaction to minimize difficulties for public access

MAP-BASED: use visual interface on PC, mobile phone or LED signboard to convey information effectively

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Academic, commercial, and government institutions all around the world are investing in the idea of a more sensible, intelligent, and

efficient city to help reach a sustainable future.

"If you cannot measure it, you cannot improve it." — Lord Kelvin

Google believes that letting people know energy consume information will help them make smarter choices, save energy and money.A 5 to 15 percent of savings on energy use is anticipated.

MIT Trash Track, 2009IBM Smarter Planet, 2008Trash Track aims to get people thinking about what they throw away. The project will monitor the patterns and costs of urban disposal and create awareness of the impact of trash on our environment - revealing the last journey of our everyday objects. It aims to raise awareness of how garbage impacts the environments. The project hopes to promote behavioral change and encourage people to make more sustainable decisions.

The technology is here.The people are ready.The time is now.

IBM proposes more integrated, information oriented systems. By making existing systems smarter, IBM believes that roads can be less congested; food can be safer and traceable; water can be cleaner and more available; and healthcare can be more effective, less expensive.

Google PowerMeter, 2009

PowerMeter: http://www.google.org/powermeter

Smart Planet:IBM.com/SmarterPlanet

Trash Track:http://senseable.mit.edu/trashtrack/

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KITs

More than a way to get from A to B.

The Copenhagen Wheel aims to transform bicycle use in Denmark’s largest city through promoting urban sustainability and building new connections between the city’s cyclists. In this work, bicycles become smart mobile sensing devices that map the real-t ime f low of people and environmental conditions in Copenhagen. This is achieved through strategically placing small sensors on bicycles to gather information as people ride through the city. This data then powers applications of benefit t o c i t i z e n s , c i t y m u n i c i p a l i t i e s a n d researchers interested in understanding more about city dynamics.

Self-Diagnostic Travel Diary System,University of Tokyo, 2008A GPS mobile-phone-based travel diary survey system and a Web GIS-based activity-travel simulator were developed as a communication tool aiming to encourage behavioral change in people’s transportation choice.

The Copenhagen Wheel, 2009

Information technology, put together with spatial information and socio-economic characteristics, can disclose what might otherwise be invisible to the people in the way that builds awareness and drives green change.

The Copenhagen Wheelhttp://senseable.mit.edu/copenhagenwheel/

Self-Diagnostic Travel Diary Systemhttp://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jscejd/64/1/55/_pdf/-char/ja/

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The problem of choosing between public transportation and private vehicle is known as a social dilemma, which highlights the nature of the environmental crisis. KITs differentiates itself by focusing and innovating primarily on social incentive, as well as moral incentive, which addresses the transportation issue at its

core in a more efficient, practical, and politically viable way.

ECONOMIC

SOCIAL

Disinvestment of Road InfrastructureImproved Public Transport / AccessibilityFree Bus Ticket (intervention)Toll Road /Congestion PricingTaxation of Cars and FuelTransit Fare Subsidy Traffic RestrictionTelecommutingPark and Ride Parking ControlSpeed Limit Carpooling

Traffic Feedback ProgramEducational Workshop

Marketing CampaignSchool Education

Fellow InfluencePersonal Conversation

Cultural / Social Preference

Incentivemonetary penalty or reward toward certain behaviors

MORAL Incentive

Incentive

educational effect : people don’t do what consider wrong THEY

influence effect : people do what consider to be right OTHERS

TRANSPORTATION DEMAND MANAGEMENT MEASURES by incentive types Ignored by most programs

but emphasized by KITs

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x+y=c total number

of commuters

Number of Transit Users

KITs

Number of Motorists

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Current Situation:Number of Motorists exceeds Transit Users

KITs Perspective:Encouraging the use of Public Transit

Sustainable Balance of Transportation Choices by Commuters

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KITs’ 5 Principles to Build Social Interdependence:1. A Smarter Way of Using Existing Information 2. Extending the Influence of Pro-environmental Travelers3. Allowing Comparison of Individual Environmental Performance4. Actionable Data & Information Transparency5. Ubiquitous Display

The Increment of Social InterdependenceWith this two-goal structure, each individual shares a common goal. The outcome (utility and disutility) of each individual’s choice is affected by each other’s action, and this means social interdependence exists in transportation choice.

The Diminution of Social InterdependenceThere could be no interdependence when individuals perceive that the achievement of their own goals is unrelated to the goal achievement of others. As a result, in thinking of changing to public transportation for the environment, people tend to adopt wait-and-see strategy, which corresponds to the low transit use rate in Kaohsiung even after lots of improvement has been done.

The Goal of Traveling in the City:In a sustainable transport system, we define people’s goal of traveling as: to move from the origin to the destination to access their socio-economic activities (personal goal) while maintain the environmental quality to pass this right onto future generations (joint goal).

Social Interdependence and Cooperative Behavior :Positive social interdependence exists when there is a positive correlation among individuals’ goal attainments, also called c o o p e r a t i v e s o c i a l i n t e r d e p e n d e n c e . N e g a t i v e s o c i a l interdependence shows significance when there is a negative correlation among individuals’ goal attainments, also known as competitive social interdependence.

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INDIVIDUAL

SOCIAL

INFRASTRUCTURE

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Individual - Socialinterpersonal comparison of transportation choice and environmental contribution

Infrastructure - Vehicleparking spaces management,

bicycle counters and air pump facility, charging station for electric vehicles

Individual - Vehicle(non-transit modes: by bicycle, scooter, car or on

foot) self-diagnosis of travel behaviors, including personal calorie consumption, accumulated

kilometers traveled, environmental contribution, time wasted stuck in traffic

Individual - Infrastructuretourist information portpersonal memory express service

Social - Vehicle(transit modes: buses, trains) increasing sociability on transportation, in-car social learning channels, GPS smart phones connecting other commuters,comparison and display of environmental contribution by transit commuters v.s. personal vehicle commuters, real-time display of common destination of commuters and nearby attractions

Social - Infrastructure

where does everyone go in the city now? where is the vigor of the city at this

moment? is there any activity about to cause danger? how should the authority respond to people’s collective behavior?

Individual, Social, Infrastructure and Vehicle: these four conceptual components define the basic

objects of traffic and commute in a

city.

KITs proposes the information interaction between the components and service packages that can be used from end users to administrators.

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KITs Scenarios:

TM TMKITs Suggestion KITs Community TM TMKITs Simple KITs ActionTM TMKITs Health KITs Cityscope

TM TMKITs Planning I Kaohsiung

home @ Sanmin District

NUK@ Nanzih District

Travel Information Provided by Google Maps

By Public Transit

By Car

Walking

14.0 km, 40 mins21.3 km, 46 mins15.6 km, 51 mins

Metro Red Line, 35 minsBus Red 56, 15 mins

14.0 km, 2 hrs 10 mins(out of time)

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shley wakes up at 8am in the morning. On Google Calendar, she finds out she has a Ameeting with classmates at 10 am at National

University of Kaohsiung.

She enters NUK as the destination and Google Maps provides transportation options, includes modes, time, and routes.

However, Ashley is not satisfied. KITs combines existing information and provides other useful suggestions to help her with the choice.

Scenario 1.0TMKITs Suggestion

Mashing up with Google Maps’ functionsModal Comparison of Environmental LiabilitySmart Suggestion (considering weather and personal health)

Ashley is a 19-year-old college student who lives in Sanmin District, downtown Kaohsiung. Like most her peers, Ashley relies on her scooter for transportation, while she bikes and uses transit occasionally. To communicate with friends, she uses free web applications online, and a smart phone to receive messages wherever she goes.

SOCIALINDIVIDUAL

Modal Comparison of Environmental Liability Provided by KITs

You save 500 grams of GHG emission*, and consume 400 Kcal

You save 500 grams of GHG emission, and consume 300 Kcal**

You save 300 grams of GHG emission, equals to 1/20 tree-year

You produce 1 kilograms of GHG emission

You produce 1.5 kilograms of GHG emission

*emission is compared to user’s most common used mode, in this case, scooter**context-aware calculation, based on personal physiological information

KITs

KITsChoice

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Scenario 1.2KITs Community“Did You Know” – Daily Environmental Fact

Smart Suggestion

Community Building – Collective Goal

Interpersonal Comparison

SOCIALINDIVIDUAL

DID YOU KNOW?- Kaohsiung has the highest ownership of scooters in Taiwan

- Scooters and motorcycles have the biggest contribution to air pollution in our city- In Ecology, “Sustainability” means to preserve our environment for the future generation- DID YOU KNOW how the city provides sustainable transportation? Click to find out

WE ARE FALLING BEHIND!- BoAi Neighborhood (in yellow) has made the most green contribution in the past 7 days

and currently holds the 1st place in our green community race. Your neighborhood is currently 3rd.- YOU CAN HELP! It is easy and healthy, just follow the transportation mode!

Click to start accumulate your contribution to the community and your own health!

Your current process: 10% (willingness counts!)Please connect to a C-Bike or City Bus to complete your contribution!

Congratulation! This is the 3rd time you surpassed Emily this week. Click to compare with other friends!

KITs Interpersonal Comparison

KITs Community Collective Goal* and Comparison

*One barrier to fighting global warming is that people have no way to know what influence they create. They tend to think the task is that of the government’s. Through KITs Community™, Kaohsiung City’s reduction goal can be assigned to each responsible unit and then to

each person, like Ashley in this scenario.

KITsChoice

s Ashley is about to go Aout, she

gets a message f rom .... KITs

Ashley synchronizes the information with her smart phone. Following suggestions from KITs, she also checks out her community’s environmental contribution. In one click, she gets to know that not only she helps her neighborhood by riding a bike, but also she surpasses her friends in green contribution.

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Users with a smart phone can enjoy more real-time information feedback. Furthermore, people can also easily access KITs through the Internet and other display facilities without a smart phone at hand, such as c-bike stations, and KMRT ticket selling machines. The main purpose of KITs Simple™ is to build personal transportation profile, provide transit coupons and let users know their environmental footprint on Kaohsiung.

Scenario 2.0TMKITs Simple

Payment Systems Integration -Taxi, C-Bike, KRT, Bus, and GasolineSecured Unique Identity -Traveling Record, Environmental Footprint -IndividualDue DiligenceFare Coupon Calculator

INDIVIDUAL VEHICLE

KITs builds secured personal transportation identity by assigning encoded random number to a user every time when he or she uses transportation tools and connects to KITs.

Once the personal identity is built, users will have access to their personal traveling history, sorted by transportation modes, time spent and wasted, and traveling costs, etc.

KITs emphasizes the importance of environmental awareness. Users now are able to know their environmental footprint, and are encouraged to make more responsible transportation choices.

KITs enables transportation service providers to adopt a SMART PRICE system. Based on KITs’ information and carefully devised formulas, KITs can decide when to give a coupon to a specific transit user who is about to change to private vehicles, or a specific motorist who is considering making transition to public transit, thus to encourage the use of transit systems.

TMKITs Simple

Chinese Petroleum Corp.

Personal Environmental Footprint

Taiwan High Speed Rail

Kaohsiung Water Taxi

Kaohsiung City Bus

Kaohsiung City Bike

Kaohsiung Mass Rapid Transit

Click to improve your environmental contribution by setting goals for the next month

This is your transportation footprint this month. You have generated 62 trips in total. The Top 3 choices are: Scooter (48.4%), Bicycle (16.1%), Taxi (9.7%)

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Ashley accesses the c-bike by KITs Simple™, c-bike activates KITs Action™ to start accumulating kilometers for community goal achievement. At the same time, it also activates KITs Health™ to add calories burned to personal health profile. When Ashley arrives at NUK, she realizes that, in addition to helping her community, she also fulfills her weekly exercise goal.

Scenario 3.0 Scenario 3.2TM TMKITs Action KITs Health

Personification of C-BikesPersonal Health Management - Calorie Burned & Goal AchievementReal-time street side Bike Counter Air Pump

INDIVIDUAL VEHICLE

Extra Functions of C-Bike Stations

Currently, there are 152 C-Bikes (+5 this hour) running in the city

This is an Air-Pump Station. The next one is 2 km away.

Real-time vehicle counters and censors

provided by

Click to add to facebook and let your friends know how healthy you are

Congratulation! You have just achieved this week’s exercise goal.

Process: 30% (7.3 km left, total time 11 mins)Status: Searching for nearby KITs ports...

i, this is Love River No. 3, currently ranking at the14th in green Hcontribution . I has saved Kaohsiung

1028 kilograms of Green House Gases, equals to 10 tree-years. Can you help me contribute more? I am only 16 km away from the Top 10!

*

Process: 99% (0.1 km left, total time 29 mins)Status: Calculating today’s contribution...

TMKITs Action

TMKITs Health

*Ranking is determined by real-time mileage

and emission saving by C-Bikes. We personify

c-bikes by naming it after its original station, marking the distance it has traveled. A determined C-Bike rider may pick the same bike and work on its contribution.

KITs

Urban planners often face the difficulty to communicate planning visions with citizens, and local residents in the city sometimes lack the

awareness of future planning moves. Using existing roadside mini-travel information stand, KITs Cityscope™ provides 3-D visualization of the future and progress of every affected spots of the plan, easily accessible to the public. Transport and travel information thus integrates with future planning, and the community’s consensus of city improvement as a whole.

Scenario 4.0 TMKITs Cityscope

Environmental Footprint Citywide Tourist Information

Visualization of Communication

INDIVIDUAL VEHICLE

INFRA-STRUCTURE

The number of all modes of transport in system, creating how much environmental liability

Real-time vehicle counters and censors

KITs Cityscope™ providing 3D visualization of the future of the spot, envisioned by planning and developments

Interactive information center providing service to passengers

KITs Suggestion™

ocal Residents: Wow, now that I see the simulation, I can see how Lthis projects proposes to make the

neighborhood space better. The cooling effect brought by the green canopy must be great! But I have some suggestions to make, too. Better now submit my opinion to !KITs

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Scenario 5.0 TMKITs Global

International city comparisonEnvironmental IndicatorsKITs Green Policies

INFRA-STRUCTURE SOCIAL

KITs Green PoliciesProtecting the environment is every citizen’s responsibility. As KITs advocates for sustainable development and green practice, we make no compromise over pursuing the most environmental-friendly design and work. Therefore, we have 3 basic insistence:

Clean EnergyEnergy consumption is KITs’ main concern, Kaohsiung’s weather is extremely suitable for exploiting solar energy and wind power. In KITs, every information display and data center will be equipped with either of the two technology. This can reduce KITs’ carbon footprint for about 30%.

Total RecyclingElectronics create gigantic amount of waste. KITs takes this into account. Except for recycling worn out components, KITs will also require manufacturers to follow the principle: using at least 15% of recycled material.

Energy EfficiencyWith clean energy source still not able to replace all of our consumption, KITs will work hard to improve energy efficiency. Here is the goal: Improving energy efficiency 10% every year.

Green Indices*

Rotterdam 69 78 68 58 62 82

Kaohsiung 65 54 70 45 70 47

Hong Kong 76 35 65 67 66 78

or Click to see a video showing what people do to protect the environment.

Click to see why and how you can help put Kaohsiung to a higher position!

TMKITs Global

*Global Standard from EU andJapan would be adapted as environmental evaluation

One way to motivate the public is to introduce competition: to show how Kaohsiung compares to top global cities in terms of ecology contribution. By analyzing the different performance of major cities worldwide, our city could learn to do better one step at a time. KITs Global™ provides the opportunity for the people to learn from excellent cases all over the world, and at the same time build up our consensus of environmental awareness.

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Transportation is not merely a tool for people to get around; it also provides the sense of orientation, identification and connection, paves the stage for communal and social interaction. By analyzing traffic information, KITs becomes the best tool for urban planners to see how the transport system functions in the city. As new

TM transit networks join existing infrastructures, KITs Planningmonitors the traffic usage and opens up new planning possibilities. Should the roads be widen up or narrowed down? Should the bike lanes cover more areas? How to optimized the efficiency of traffic?

Scenario 6.0 TMKITs Planning

Feedback applicationData managementTraffic pattern analysis

Aiming towards a compact city, KITs changes the way urban planners and government authorities gather information of transportation and urban activities. Providing real-time feedback of traffic pattern and user information, KITs has the potential to be an important tool in urban planning.

rban Planner: according to the road usage pattern, Usome of the bike lanes are

not fully utilized. Is it because they are too close to major traffic? How should we integrate C-Bike and city buses? Should we propose more C-Bike Stations in neighborhood parks since people love to bike there?

Click to open transportation data, road usage and design regulations

or Click to see local responses and complains for current urban space

Long-term transportation system data, pattern and analysis

Real-time transportation usage feedback and forecast

TMKITs Planning

INFRA-STRUCTURE

VEHICLE

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Kaohsiung is a young and vigorous city, requiring a creative approach to address her future. Transportation is currently one of the most important urban issues, nevertheless there are different challenges that the city would face. Being an information infrastructure, KITs sets up a platform where smart, fast and interactive solutions could take place. By arousing social interdependence and awareness, KITs helps ensure Kaohsiung’s continuing success toward the future.

Scenario 7.0 I KaohsiungOpen Governance - Effective Communication through InternetLeave Your Thoughts -About Anything, at Anytime, Anywhere

VEHICLE

INDIVIDUAL

Local Resident: Wow, I didn’t know that Kaohsiung City has done so much to improve our living environment!

Thump up or thump down? Click to vote for your favorite policy

What do you say? Click to leave a response, question or comment.

Information Transparency makes people aware of what is happening around and the city’s response, making governance more open and democratic.

2,562 (-30)2592

256 (+12)244

Live!

3,864 ( 102)3,966

Live!25,298 (+5)

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Ashley: Kaohsiung is becoming more and more beautiful. Moreover, she is performing better than Taipei, Hong Kong, and other global cities!

A Mother-to-be: Somebody is doing careless driving again! This happens too often in this neighborhood. Is there anything to do to stop this? More surveillance camera or a lower speed limit? I’d like to send some words to KITs and see what others think.

We are the leading building in waste management!We love Kaohsiung!

INFRA-STRUCTURE

SOCIAL

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In a sustainable development, KITs considers the public awareness as the most important factor for facilitating its policies. Our objective is to shape a sustainable Kaohsiung; our approach is building awareness, and our tool is information and communication technology, along with high priority on spatial and social aspects. By building social connections, we build awareness, not the seemingly never-ending construction of a transport network.By making the city smarter and more intelligent, we allow people to interact with the city by perceiving the environment, and listening to what needs to be done.

eplacing one single scooter trip with bicycle trip can also Rmake a difference!

e all live in Kaohsiung. We are on the same boat. I Wwant to tell all my friends

to join the movement.

his bicycle trip can help my community reach Tthe green goal. I feel

much healthier, too!

he less scooters, the more the bicycles; After all, nobody Twant to breath the polluted air.

When people make the change to public transportation and bicycles, air quality much better, and the streets become safer, too!

picture source: http://speedbug.pixnet.net/blog/post/21900123

The Collective Awareness for Sustainable Development

ity with social interdependence: