1.1 INITIALLY THE SITE IS CLEARED

1.3AFTER THAT ANY PERMANENT OBJECT WITHIN THE SITE

IS CONSIDERED AS THE REFERENCE POINT.

1.3THEN FROM THIS REFFERENCE POINT BASE LINE IS MADE.

1.4 FINALLY FROM THE BASE LINE REST ALL THE REQUIRED

LINES ARE MEASURED & CREATED BY SEEING AT THE

DRAWINGS.

1.5 THE MARKING IS DONE BY THIN THREAD.

1.6 THE SETTING OUT IS ALSO DONE USING THEODOLITE

FOR

BETTER ACCURACY. But setting out still continuous when the columns are to be casted just after the P.C.C. layers.Here marking of the columns are made.In case of right angel to be marked 3,4,5 method can be used.

SETTING OUT

2.1 INITIALLY THE ALL THE EXCAVATION PITS ARE BEING

MARKED AS PER THE DRAWINGS.

2.2 ROCKS BELOW THE PITS ARE CRACKED BY

CONTROLLED EXPLOSION USING MACHINE.

2.3 THEN THE WORKERS USING CHISEL & HAMMER

BREAKS THE ROCKS INTO SMALL SIZE SO THAT IT

COULD BE EASILY TRANSPORTED OUT.

2.4 IF THERE IS SOIL IN THE SITE THEN EXCAVATED IS

DONE USING SPADE, PICK ,AXE OR JCB .

EXCAVATION

3.1 FIRSTLY, ON THE EXCAVATED AREA SAND FILLING

OF ABOUT 6 INCHES THICK IS PROVIDED.

3.2 AFTER THAT A LAYER OF FLAT BRICK OR METAL

SOLING IS PROVIDED, NOW THE BASE IS READY.

3.3 ONCE THE BASE IS READY NOW P.C.C LAYER

IS MADE.

3.4NOW ABOVE THE P.C.C LAYER THE

REINFORCEMENT

FOR THE FOUNDATION ARE PLACED

3.5 FINALLY CONCRETE IS PLACED ABOVE THIS

REINFORCEMENT UPTO COLUMN SHOES.

COLUMN SHOES

CONCRETE BLOCK

After the p.c.c. the column position is marked accurately by using the rope & the plumb bob.

FOUNDATION

4.1 INITIALLY, A TEMPORARY SETUP IS

MADE WITHIN THE SITE WHERE THE

REINFORCEMENT STEEL IS

BROUGHT TO PROPER SHAPE BEFOE

BRINGING IT FOR INSTALLATION.

4.2 NOW ON THE SETUP BARS ARE

BROUGHT, MEASURED & VARIOUS

POINTS ARE MARKED.

4.3 THEN ACCORDING TO THE

STRUCTURAL DRAWING BARS ARE

BEND BY FIXING THE BAR IN THE

SETUP & TWISTING THE BAR BY

HOOK.

4.4 VARIOUS ANGELS ARE THUS

PRODUCED IN THE BAR .

NOTE :

THE STEEL BARS USED FOR REINFORCEMENT MUST BE FREE FROM UNWANTED BENTS AND CURVES.

BAR BENDING

5.1 INITIALLY, THE FORMWORKS ARE

MADE .

5.2 FIRSTLY, OIL IS APPLIED ON THE

SURFACE OF THE FORM BOARDS.

5.4 THEN SMALL BLOCKS OF WIDTH

EQUAL TO CLEAR COVER ARE TIED TO

THE REINFORCEMENT BARS.

THESE BLOCKS ENSURES THE CLEAR

COVER WIDTH.

5.3 AFTER THAT FORM BOARD ARE SET AS

REQUIRED FOR THE CASTING .

5.5 FINALLY, THESE FORMS ARE TIES TO

ADJACENT SIDES BY NUT & BOLT.

5.6 ALSO IT IS ANCHORED TO THE

GROUND

USING STEEL OR WOODEN STRUTS.

FORM WORK

6.1 ONCE THE FORMWORK IS READY, THE INTERIOR

DIMENSIONS OF THE FORMWORK SHOULD MATCHES THE

DIMENSION OF THE COLUMN PROVIDED IN THE DRAWING.

6.2AFTER THAT CONCRETE IS POURED, COMPACTION IS

DONE USING VIBRATORS OR MS BAR (MANUALLY). CARE

SHOULD BE TAKEN TO AVOID SEGREGATION AND

BLEEDING.

6.3 THEN THE FORMWORKS ARE REMOVED WITHIN 2 -3

DAYS & CURING IS DONE.

6.4 FOR CURING GUNNY BAGS ARE USED WHICH ARE

WRAPPED AROUND THE COLUMN. THESE GUNNY BAGS

ARE KEPT WET BY SPRINKLING WATER AT REGULAR

INTERVALS TO PROVIDE THE MOISTURE REQUIRED

DURING THE

CURING OF CONCRETE.

6.5 CURING SHOULD CARRY FOR 3 - 4 WEEKS.

Stripping of form ( in site ) 1 day ( recommended) 2-3 daysCuring of column (in site) 20 days (recommended) 21 days.

COLUMN CASTING

7.1 STEPS INVOLVED IN BRICK WORKS

7.1.1 INITIALLY MARKING IS DONE USING STRING WHICH GENERALLY

DEFINES OUTER TOP EDGE OF THE BRICK LAYER TO BE

CONSTRUCTED.

7.1.2 AFTER THAT BRICKS ARE SOAKED IN WATER.

7.1.3 THEN A LAYER OF MORTAR IS LAID & ABOVE THAT BRICKS

ARE LAID & IS SLIGHTLY PRESSED TO ENSURE ADHESION.

7.1.4 AT SOME EQUAL VERTICALLY INTERVALS (GENERALLY IN EVERY

4 COURSE) A THIN IRON SHEET OF WIDTH OF 1 CMS ARE ALSO

INSTALLED TO PROVIDE REINFORCEMENTS.

7.1.5 VERTICAL ALIGNMENT OF WALLS IS CHECKED IN EVERY 5-6

COURSES OF BRICK BY PLUMBING BOB.

7.2 STEPS INVOLVED IN PLASTERING OF WALLS

7.2.1 INITIALLY THE WALLS ARE WATERED & MADE READY FOR

PLASTERING.

7.2.2 AFTER THAT A THIN PASTE OF WATER CEMENT IS APPLIED OVER

THE BRICK WORKS TO ENHANCE GRIP BETWEEN BRICK WORK

& PLASTERS.

7.2.3 THEN PLASTER OF ABOUT 0.5 INCH THICK IS APPLIED OVER

WALLS.

7.2.4 FINALLY THE WALLS ARE READY FOR THE COLOUR & OTHER

FINISHING WORKS.

Plastering of ceiling is done in the similar way but the plaster used are of higher grade . in the roof slabs chipping is done to enhance griping of plaster with the slab.

NOTE :

•Plastering grades 1: 6 or 1:5 for interior walls.•Pastering grade for exterior walls 1: 4•Plastering grade for ceiling 1: 3

PLASTERING

FLOORING CAN BE DIVIDED INTO TWO DIFFERENT TYPES8.1 FLOORING AT GROUND LEVEL8.2 FLOORING ON R.C.C. SLAB.

8.1 STEPS INVOLVED IN FINISH FLOORING AT GROUND LEVEL 8.1.1 THE ACTUAL GROUND LEVEL IS HAMMERED & IS MADE HARD WHICH IS THEN TREATED WITH PESTICIDE IF REQUIRED IN THE SITE. 8.1.2 AFTER THAT A LAYER OF SAND OR STONE POWDER IS APPLIED WHICH IS GENERALLY 6 INCHES THICK. 8.1.3 NOW THIS LAYER IS HARDENED & IS LEVELED BY WATERING & HAMMERING. 8.1.4 FINALLY THE R.C.C SLAB IS CASTED IF THE SITE HAS HIGH WATER TABLE OR ELSE BRICK / METAL SOLING IS DONE WITH MORTAR LAYER ABOVE IT. 8.1.5 THEN LEVELS OF FINISHED FLOORS ARE BEING MARKED WHICH ACTS AS CHECK POINTS AT VARIOUS POINTS INSIDE THE BUILDING. 8.1.6 FINALLY A LAYER OF MIXTURE OF CEMENT & SAND (RATIO OF 1: 6) IS CONSTRUCTED. 8.1.7 ONCE THE ABOVE LAYER IS MADE & THE REQUIRED LEVELING IS ACHIEVED CEMENT-WATER PASTE IS APPLIED. 8.1.8 FINALLY THE TILES ARE CUT TO REQUIRED DIMENSION & ARE FITTED OVER THE CEMENT LAYER (WHERE CEMENT WATER PASTE ACTS AS ADHESION PASTE . 8.1.9 ATLAS THE TILES ARE HAMMERED IN ORDER TO ENHANCE ADHESION & TO BRING TILES IN ACCURATE POSITION.8.2 FLOORING ON R.C.C. SLAB. THE PROCEDURE ARE SIMILAR FROM POINT 8.1.5

The mix of plaster (masala) used for the plastering is 1: 8)

FLOORING

9.1 INITIALLY THE FORMWORKS ARE ARRANGED

WHICH ARE RECTANGULAR G.I. SHEETS WITH AT

SECTION AT THE ENDS. THIS IS SUPPORTED BY

TELESCOPIC PROPS .

9.2 BUT FORMWORK FOR THE BEAM ALSO HAS

VERTICAL BOARDS.

9.3 AFTER THAT THE REINFORCEMENTS ARE

ARRANGED AS SPECIFIED IN THE DRAWINGS

9.4 THE REINFORCEMENTS ARE RAISED TO CERTAIN

HEIGHT AS SPECIFIED IN THE DRAWINGS WHICH

IS

CLEAR COVER & RAISING IS DONE BY

PLACING CONCRETE BLOCK IN BETWEEN

REINFORCEMENT &FORMWORKS.

9.5 FOR SLABS THE ELECTRICAL P.V.C. PIPES ARE

LAID

& FINALLY CONCRETE IS POURED.

AFTER 3 DAYS SLAB SOFFIT IS TAKEN OFF WHERE AS

PROPS ARE TAKEN OFF AFTER 7 DAYS.

FINALLY CURING IS DONE BY PONDING.

SLAB CASTING

10.1 THE ELECTRICAL MARKING IS DONE BASED ON THE ELECTRICAL

MARKING DRAWING ISSUED BY THE ARCHITECT.

10.2 ONCE THE MARKING IS DONE GROVES ARE CREATED IN WALLS BY

CHIPPING WALLS. THE GROVES ARE ABOUT ¾INCH DEEP WHICH

ACCOMMODATES P.V.C PIPES FOR REQUIRED FOR WIRING.

10.3 WHERE AS IN R.C.C. ROOFS WHILE CASTING ;ELECTRICAL CONDUITS

ARE PLACED.

10.4 THE PIPES ARE ANCHORED IN THE WALL BY STEEL HOOKS & THE

PLASTERING IS DONE ABOVE THESE PIPE ABOVE CHICKEN MESH WHICH

ENSURES BETTER GRIP FOR PLASTERING.

10.5 FINALLY ONCE PAINTING ARE DONE THEN SWITCH BOARD ARE FIXED.

ELECRTIFICATION

11.1 INITIALLY ALL THE IMPORTANT PLUMBING POINTS ARE MARKED AS

PER THE DRAWING ISSUED BY THE ARCHITECT.

11.2 AFTER THAT WALLS ARE CHIPPED TO CREATE A GROVE SO THAT P.V.C

PIPES OF GIVEN THICKNESS COULD BE ACCOMMODATED INSIDE THE

GROVE MADE.

11.3THEN PIPES ARE LAID & IS ANCHORED BY THICK STEEL U SHAPE

HOOKS.

11.4IN TOILETS SPECIALLY FOR WATER CLOSET THE SLAB ARE SUNKEN. THIS

IS THE PLACE WHERE THE TRAPS ARE INSTALLED.

11.5AT LAST THE SUNKEN SLAB IS THEN FILLED WITH COARSE AGGREGATE

AND SOIL AND RAMMED PROPERLY, TO FORM THE BASE FOR THE

FLOORING.

11.6FINALLY, ALL GROVES ARE SEALED BY PLASTERS ONLY CERTAIN PARTS ARE

LEFT OUT WHERE FURTHER PIPE FITTINGS LIKE SHOWER, TAP ETC ARE

FIXED.

11.7EXPOSE PIPE FITTINGS ARE FITTED TO WALL BY “U” SHAPED HOOKS

WHICH ARE FIXED TO WALLS USING NAILS.

PLUMBING

12.2 THEN VARIOUS POINTS ARE MARKED ON THE WALLS & DRILLING IS

DONE. SOMETIMES FRAME IS FIXED TO WALL BY ANGEL PLATE IN THE

EMPTY AREA LEFT FOR THE OPENING

12.3THEN ALUMINIUM WINDOW FRAMES ARE SCREWED INTO THESE HOLES.

12.4AFTER THAT WINDOW PANELS ARE CONSTRUCTED BY CONNECTING

DIFFERENT ALUMINUM SECTION BY SCREWS.

12.5AT LAST GLASS ARE FIXED TO THE PANELS; P.V.C. PUTTY ARE USED TO

KEEP GLASS HOLD TIGHT TO THE WINDOW PANELS.

12.6WHEN THE WINDOW PANELS ARE CREATED VARIOUS HOLES , GROVES

ARE CREATED WHICH HELPS IN FIXING OF ALUMINUM CHANNELS TO

OTHER CHANNELS & RAILS.

12.7FINALLY THE WINDOW PANELS ARE FIXED INTO THE FRAMES.

WINDOW FIXING

13.1 AFTER PLASTERING OF WALL INTERIOR FINISH IS DONE: HERE IT IS DONE

BY P.O.P

13.2 THE PLASTERED WALLS IS IDEAL FOR P.O.P AS IT IS ROUGH.

13.3INITIALLY MIXTURE OF P.O.P IS MADE WITH WATER & SPECIAL CARE IS

TAKEN AS P.O.P TENDS TO LOSE WATER QUICKLY & HARDENS QUICKLY.

13.4THEN BY USE OF TWO THIN RECTANGULAR G.I. SHEET P.O.P. IS APPLIED

( GENERALLY CALLED BLADES).

13.5NOW THE WALL IS READY FOR PAINTING BUT BEFORE THAT COAT OF

PRIMER & WEATHER COAT (PUTTY )IS APPLIED.

INTERIOR FINISH

14.1 INITIALLY ANGEL CLAMPS ARE FIXED TO THE EXTERIOR WALL WHICH IS

DONE BY DRILLING HOLES IN WALLS & THEN SCREWING.

14.2 AFTER THAT CLAMPS ARE SCREWED TO THE VERTICAL METAL SECTION &

THEN HORIZONTAL METAL CHANNELS ARE SCREWED TO VERTICAL

CHANNELS BY DRILLING HOLES IN METAL CHANNELS & THEN SCREWING IT.

14.3 NOW THE ALUMINIUM PANELS ARE SCREWED TO THESE HORIZONTAL &

VERTICAL METAL CHANNELS BY DRILLING HOLES IN METAL CHANNELS &

THEN SCREWING IT.

14.4FINALLY THE PLASTIC COVER ON THE ALUMINIUM PANELS ARE TAKEN

OFF.

EXTERIOR FINISH

I. INITIALLY THE METAL CHANNELS ARE FIXED ON TO THE CEILING BY MEANS OF

SCREW; THESE SUSPENDERS SUPPORT THE WHOLE SKELETON OF THE FALSE

CEILING.

II. NOW HORIZONTAL MEMBERS OF THE METAL CHANNELS ARE ATTACHED TO THE

VERTICAL BY SCREWS.

III. ONCE THE SKELETON IS READY THEN GYPSUM BOARDS OR ACOUSTICS PANELS ARE

ATTACHED TO THE SKELETON WITH THE HELP OF SCREWS .

IV. FINALLY THE SPACE BETWEEN THE TWO GYPSUM BOARD IS SEALED BY PLASTER OF

PARIS.

V. THE SPACE FOR ELECTRICAL FITTINGS ARE LEFT VACANT SO THAT ELECTRICAL

FITTINGS LIKE LIGHTS COULD BE FIXED.

VI. THE SPACE BETWEEN THE ROOF SLAB & FALSE CEILING CARRIES ALL AIR

CONDITIONING DUCTS & ELECTRICAL WIRINGS.

FALSE ROOF

INNOVATIVE DETAILS

I. THE COLOUM IS PRESENT IN THE ENTRANCE OF STAPATI, CALICUT

II. IT IS APPROX 300 CMS TALL.III. THE STEEL COLUMN IS PUT INSIDE THE

BRANCH OF A COCONUT TREE.IV. THIS IS DONE BY MAKING HOLE IN THE

COCONUT BRANCH MANUALLY BY THE CARPENTERS OF STAPATI.

V. FINALLY THE COCONUT BRANCH IS BOLTED TO THE STEEL COLUMN IN BOTH THE END .

VI. EACH END HAS TWO BOLTS.

M.S ROD (as column)

COCONUT TREE BRANCH

Cross section of the column

L.S. of the colomnbolt

nut

Fixing details

SELF

I. The self is for the Fred Stuart showroom in Chennai.

II. This is designed by contour dakshin , Calicut.

III. The client wanted the interior to have very informal & innovative look for his showroom.

IV. Here the top & bottom wooden board are fixed to wall & floor respectively.

V. the middle boards are held in position by the knots tied rope passing through the boards.

VI. These knots makes the wooden board free to move in certain direction.

VII. These movement are created when the consumer tries to take clothes kept at the selfs. Hence making it a different feeling for the consumers.

Opaque coloured sheet

8 mm glass

L.E.D strip

L.E.D spot light

Metal case

Wooden beading (3cm x 2 cm)

I. THE LIGHTING ELEMENT IS FOR THE BAR TABLE OF ANANTA APARTMENTS IN MUMBAI BY CONTOUR DAKSHIN.

II. THE SIZE OF THE ELEMENT IS 150 X 90 CMS 2.

III. THERE ARE TWO SET OF LIGHTS LED SPOT LIGHT & LED STRIP.

IV. THE SPOT LIGHT IS USED WHILE MAKING THE DRINK & THE LED STRIPS COMES TO USE WHILE DRINKING TO GIVE A GOOD ENVIRONMENT.

LIGHTING ELEMENT

MECHANISM

I. THE LIGHTING ELEMENT IS PRESENT IN HOTEL ASMAN TOWER, CALICUT

II. THIS ELEMENT IS PLACED AT THE ENTRY WITH THE HOTEL NAME BOARD

III. THE LIGHTING IS DONE BY L.E.D STRIPS.

IV. THE LIGHT AFTER PASSING THROUGH TRANSPERENT GLASS FALLS TO THE STONE HENCE CREATING A GOOD LIGHTING EFFECT.

FRONT ELEVATION

IVORY P.V.C. BOARD

TRANSPERANT GLASS

SQUARE IRON BAR

PLYWOOD BOX

STONE ABOVE GLASS

L.E.D STRIP

IVORY P.V.C. BOARD

PLAN @ A-A’

SQUARE IRON BAR

PLYWOOD BOX

STONE ABOVE GLASS

L.E.D STRIP

IVORY P.V.C. BOARD TRANSPERANT GLASS

SECTION A-A’ METAL GLASS HOLDER

TRANSPARENT GLASS

PLYWOOD BOX

PLAN @ B-B’

LIGHTING FIXTURE AT ASMA TOWER

TRUSS ROOF

I. THE ROOF TRUSS IS DESIGNED BY CONTOUR DAKSHIN , CALICUT

II. THE ROOF WAS DESIGNED TO CAPTURE MAXIMUM VIEW OF THE MOUNTAINS OF OONTY.

III. ALSO THE ROOF BEING TIMBER GIVES AN TRADITION LOOK.ALSO THE TRUSS ACT AS DESIGN ELEMENT DURING NIGHT WHEN THE LIGHTS ARE ON.

CONCEPT BEHIND THE ROOF

CONCRETE BLOCKS

I. THE CONCRETE BLOCKS ARE USED IN THE HOTEL BURJ-AL – ARAB.

II. THIS IS USED BY THE ARCHITECT TONY WRIGHT TO MAKE THE BUILDING SAFE FROM THE TIDAL FORCE.

III. THE BLOCKS ARE VERY WELL TESTED IN THE LAB FOR AROUND 1 WEEK USING SIMILAR SCALE MODEL & PRODUCING

IV.A TIDAL WAVE WHICH IS HAS STRENGTH EQUAL TO HIGHEST TIDAL WAVE OCCURRED IN 100 YEARS.

VI.THE BLOCKS ARE DESIGNED IN SUCH A WAY THAT THE BLOCKS ACTS LIKE A SPONGE & ABSORBS ALL THE TIDAL FORCES.

VII.THE WATER TRIES TO REVOLVE INSIDE THE BLOCK WHICH DECREASES MOST OF ITS STRENGTH. HENCE MAKING THE BASE SAFE FOR THE HOTEL.