Information Architecture for decision making

Some kind of illustration or image?

INFORMATION ARCHITECTUREFOR DECISION MAKING

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TABLE OF CONTENTS • Words and concepts• The challenges• What is User Experience?• What is Information Architecture?• Why do we apply Information Architecture for decision making?• How do we apply it?• Some things we do to improve decision making• RIZOM’s Digital strategy approach• References

ABOUT US

• Strategic consulting firm providing services for Digital Transformation

• Business Intelligence• Information Architecture• Service Design• Knowledge Management

VOL XIX ARQUITECTURA DE INFORMACIÓNUXNights - CDMX

THANK YOU.WORDS AND CONCEPTS

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WHAT IS INFORMATION?

DATA CONTENT INFORMATION KNOWLEDGEFacts and statistics collected together

for reference or analysis (Stevenson, 2010).Things that are being arranged or sequenced (Covert, 2014).

Analyzed data. Facts that have been organized in order to impart meaning

(Dalkir, 2011).

Understanding gained through experience and study

(Covert, 2014).

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THANK YOU.THE CHALLENGES

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MESSES AND CONFUSION

01 DATA MESES. Our digital world contains several data messes. Confusion or difficulty are common reactions when we try to manage data.

02 HUMAN NETWORKS. Users and stakeholders are embedded in networks and respond differently and have many different perceptions.

03 DIGITAL JARGON. Words matter. The senseless overuse of technical words doesn't help teams to turn ideas into useful things.

04 LACK OF DIRECTION. Everything is complex; reality, systems, and networks. However, it is the lack of clear direction that creates the worst difficulties.

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(Kane et al., 2015)

THANK YOU.WHAT IS USER EXPERIENCE?

HOW DO WE UNDERSTAND USER EXPERIENCE AT RIZOM?• Traditional User Experience: The “user experience” (UX) is how a human feels when using the interface of a digital

product while attempting to accomplish a task or goal. But in practice, the term “user experience” refers to whether a person has a good or bad time trying to utilize a digital product (Levy, 2014).

• UX Strategy: Disruption in the digital marketplace through mental-model innovation.

• “UX Strategy is the intersection of business strategy and UX design. (Levy, 2014)

THANK YOU.WHAT IS

INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE?

HOW DO WE UNDERSTAND INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE AT RIZOM?• Organize: impose order and structure on things, and on information about things (see more in Glushko, 2014).• Design: we relate it to the disciplines of product/service design• Architecture: research, planning (forethought), design, construction.

• “Information architecture is the way that we arrange the parts of something to make it understandable”. (Covert, 2014)

IA DETERMINES STRUCTURE AND MEANING• “When we architect information, we determine the

structures we need to communicate our message”. (Covert, 2014)

HOW DO WE UNDERSTAND INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE AT RIZOM?

• You can use the Information Architecture methodology not only to arrange the parts of a website or an interface, but also to arrange the parts of a client’s “problem”, from an information point of view.

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WE USE IA CONCEPTS FOR BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE DASHBOARDS

THANK YOU.WHY DO WE APPLY

INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE FOR DECISION MAKING?


THE PROCESS OF INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE DEVELOPMENT

Some kind of explanatory text, reference or footnote can go here and wrap to two lines, if needed.

RESEARCH STRATEGY DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION ADMINISTRATION

DECISION MAKING

(Source: based on Rosenfeld et al., 2014)

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Original idea

Improved idea Better result


• Less cost • Less time • Less risk

CASE A: IMPROVE SOLUTIONS

ECOWAS OBSERVATORY FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY

CASE A: IMPROVE SOLUTIONS

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Minimum viable prototypeshared with stakeholders

strategy team diagrams

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Original idea

Stop and think


CASE B: STOP AND THINK

• Informed decisions • Avoid risks

ELECTRICITY UTILITIES GLOBAL BENCHMARKING INFORMATION SYSTEM

CASE B: STOP AND THINK

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Stop and think:

• World Bank’s decision on the scope of the system• Detailed definition of users’ needs and type of dashboards/reports• Currently using a business intelligence tool for data mining and evaluation of results• System sustainability plan

cost, time and scope

SCENARIO A

SCENARIO B

SCENARIO C

comparison analysis of existing solutions

basic sketches

definition of scenarios

blueprints

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Original idea

Alternative idea Result

Drop original idea


CASE C: ALTERNATIVE SOLUTION

• Make things work

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Terms of Reference


CASE C: ALTERNATIVE SOLUTION

Modification in ToR Result

Drop original idea

IA is getting popular and respected. However, in some cases the terms of reference are developed without proper IA analysis or without tasks for research.


THE PROCESS OF INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE DEVELOPMENT

Some kind of explanatory text, reference or footnote can go here and wrap to two lines, if needed.


DECISION MAKING

keydecisions

(Source: based on Rosenfeld et al., 2014)

THANK YOU.HOW DO WE APPLY

INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE FOR DECISION MAKING?


INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE DEVELOPMENT(RIZOM’S)


(Source: RIZOM)


DIGITAL PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTRIZOM’S PROJECT OUTCOMES


(Source: RIZOM)


STRATEGY AND PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTTHE VALUE CHAIN CONCEPT

research design source manufacture market sell service

TRADITIONAL VALUE CHAIN FOR A PHYSICAL PRODUCT MANUFACTURER

BASIC ELEMENTS OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT PROCESS

environmental scanning

strategyformulation

strategy implementation

evaluationand control




(Source: RIZOM)

SUCCESSFUL INNOVATIVE DIGITAL PRODUCTS

NEED STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP

THANK YOU.SOME THING WE DO

TO IMPROVE DECISION MAKING

1. Good research means asking the right questions

RESEARCH FRAMEWORK• This model helps to organise research

and to know where to shine the flashlight.

(Rosenfeld et al., 2014)

RESEARCH FRAMEWORK: CONTEXT• BACKGROUND RESEARCH.

Business goals, schedule, budget, audiences, technical infrastructure, past initiatives, organigrams

• INTRODUCTORY PRESENTATIONS. Why IA is important, relation of IA with the organisational environment, major milestones


RESEARCH FRAMEWORK: CONTEXT• MEETINGS:

• Strategy team (goals, audience, functionality, timeframe)• Content managers (content policies, controlled vocabularies, purpose of the content, content collection, legal and

privacy) • Information Technology team (meet system administrators and software developers early on to learn about the

existing and planned technical infrastructure that will support the product) • STAKEHOLDERS INTERVIEWS• TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT: gap analysis “business goals - user needs - technology limitations”


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InformationArchitect

System Developers

Stakeholders

Users

ContentManagers

Strategy team

UX designers

Collecting all the possible understanding and ideas, is key for any IA process specially during the RESEARCH stage.

Right questions, in the right way at the right time.

2. Build shared understanding among your teammates

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The lack of vocabulary makes difficult to turn ideas into plans.

The senseless overuse of technical words doesn’t help to

build understanding.

CONTROLLED VOCABULARY• A controlled vocabulary is an organised list of terms, phrases, and

concepts intended to help someone to navigate a specific context.

• It is good to define a list of terms, and acronyms, that will be used in every stage of the IA development process.

• Share it with stakeholders, users, and specialist coworkers.

TAXONOMIES• Structural methods for

organization and classification.

(Covert, 2014)

3. Use diagrammatic techniques for sensemaking

MINDMAPS ARE USEFUL FOR DISCUSSIONS• Some Bullets• Some Bullets• Some Bullets• Some Bullets• Some Bullets• Some Bullets

SIMPLIFY MODELS• Some Bullets• Some Bullets• Some Bullets• Some Bullets• Some Bullets• Some Bullets

(Source: Canon et al., 2011)

EXPAND MODELS UPON AGREEMENT

• Some Bullets• Some Bullets• Some Bullets• Some Bullets• Some Bullets• Some Bullets

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COMMUNICATE THE IDEAS THROUGH DIFFERENT DIAGRAMS

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(Covert, 2014)

see more in (Rosenfeld et al., 2014)

4. Develop a project PLAN(not just a list of requirements or terms of reference)

… and discuss it with the team

STRATEGY• Controlled vocabulary• Research outcomes• Baseline assessment• High-level structure of the Information Architecture• Roles and responsibilities• Deliverables• Dependencies• Cost, time and scope (scenarios)

PROJECT DOCUMENT

THANK YOU.RECENT EXAMPLE

WIREFRAMES AS A THEMATICALLY

RICH CONCEPTUAL MODEL

RECENT EXAMPLE: APPLYING UX AT A HIGHEST LEVEL

Rather than thinking of the wireframe as a low-fidelity, grayscale snapshot of what a page will eventually look like, coming further and further into focus as the design is refined, we can embrace a broader view of the wireframe as a thematically rich conceptual model — one that is now depicting page-level details, reinforcing previous models of the system as a whole.

Travis LaFleur (The Understanding Group)February 19, 2016

Toward a More Expansive View of Wireframes





THANK YOU.RIZOM’S

DIGITAL STRATEGY APPROACH


INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE - PROJECT OUTCOMES (RIZOM)





(Source: RIZOM)

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APPROACH TO INFORMATION ECOSYSTEMS

REFERENCES• Berger, W. (2014). A more beautiful question. New York, NY: Bloomsbury, USA.• Cannon, D., Wheeldon, D., Lacy, S., & Hanna, A. (2011). ITIL service strategy. TSO.• Covert, A. (2014). How to Make Sense of Any Mess: Information Architecture for Everybody. CreateSpace.• Dalkir, K. (2011). Knowledge Management in Theory and Practice. MIT Press (MA).• Glushko, R. J. (2014). The Discipline of Organizing: Professional Edition. “O’Reilly Media, Inc.”• Kane, G. C., Palmer, D., Phillips, A. N., Kiron, D., & Buckley, N. (2015). Strategy, not technology, drives digital

transformation. MIT Sloan Management Review. • Rosenfeld, L., Morville, P., & Arango, J. (2015). Information Architecture: For the Web and Beyond. “O’Reilly

Media, Inc.”• Stevenson, A. (2010). Oxford Dictionary of English. Oxford University Press, USA.

THANK YOU.QUESTIONS?Please Contact:

Jorge SneijCofounder and Senior Consultant, [email protected] | @jsneij | www.rizom.org

http://www.rizom.org