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Talk by Ian Hosking
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Inclusive Design – from niche to normal
Mobile Inclusive Design, UXPA
20th September 2012
Ian Hosking
Engineering Design Centre2
Designed for humans?
Engineering Design Centre3
A look at being human
Engineering Design Centre4
Engineering Design Centre5
Understanding people
5
62 MillionPopulation
47+Half Adults
11 MillionDisabled
8.5 MillionArthritis
9 MillionHearing Impairment
2 MillionVisual Impairment
11 MillionChildren
1 in 10Left Handed
8% Men0.5% Women
Colour Blind
5.2 MillionAsthma
2.6 MillionDiabetes
50 : 50Gender
14 MillionGrandparents
Engineering Design Centre6
Understanding people
It is normal to be different
Engineering Design Centre7
The future’s bright, the future’s grey
By 2050 2 Billion
In 2005 673 Million
In 1950 there were 200 Million over 60’s
worldwide
Engineering Design Centre8
Population change
The changing shape of Japan’s population pyramid
Engineering Design Centre9
Does it really matter?
• In 1950 the PSR was 12:1
Potential Support Ratio (PSR) is the ratio of the number of 15-64 year olds who could
support one person 65+
Engineering Design Centre10
Does it really matter?
• In 2000 the PSR was 9:1
Engineering Design Centre11
Does it really matter?
• In 2050 the PSR will be 4:1
Engineering Design Centre12
Does it really matter?
• In 2050 for the developed world it will be 2:1
Independent living goes from being an aspiration to an imperative
Engineering Design Centre13
Inclusive design
“Climb into the latest Ferrari sports car and you are unlikely to notice the modifications designed with overweight, arthritic pensioners in mind … the Italian carmaker is just one of many companies grappling with a demographic shift that challenges the fundamental rules of marketing and design … the average buyer of a Ferrari road car is nearing 50 and set to get older. “ - Financial Times, 20 Jan. 2004
Engineering Design Centre14
Inclusive design
The design of mainstream products and/or services that are accessible to, and usable by, as many people as reasonably possible …
… without the need for special adaptation or specialised design (BS 7000:6)
It is normal to have difficulties
Engineering Design Centre15
Source: It’s Normal to be Different – Applying Inclusive Design in Industry, Hosking, Waller & Clarkson, Interacting with Computers 22 (2010) 496–501
American adults of working age (16-64) from the Microsoft (2003) survey
The Target for Inclusive Design
Engineering Design Centre16
Source: It’s Normal to be Different – Applying Inclusive Design in Industry, Hosking, Waller & Clarkson, Interacting with Computers 22 (2010) 496–501
Engineering Design Centre17
Population change
• Variation of capability
GB
Pop
ulat
ion
(%)
Age Band
Engineering Design Centre18
Real users
Vision
Hearing
Thinking
Communication
Locomotion
Dexterity
Reach & stretch
Engineering Design Centre19
Vision
Mean
Upper limit
Lower limit
Age (Years)
Ocu
lar
Acc
om
mo
da
tion
(D
iop
tre
s)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Font Size
Engineering Design Centre20
Font size in action
Engineering Design Centre21
What else can you see?
Engineering Design Centre22
Engineering Design Centre23
Hearing
He
ari
ng
Lo
ss (
De
cibe
ls)
Frequency (Hertz)
500 1000 2000 4000 8000
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-40
-10
0
-20
-30
-50
70-79 years
60-69 years
50-59 years
40-49 years
30-39 years
10-19 years
20-29 years
speech
Engineering Design Centre24
Thinking
Verbal IQ
Performance IQ
Age (Years)
Me
an
IQ
20 30 40 50 60 70
0
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
Exclusion for Sending a Text (Using the 56pt Font on an iPhone)
iPhone Texting
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
Remove
from
Pock
et
Wak
e fro
m s
tandby
Unlock
scr
een
Enter P
IN
Selec
t Tex
t App
Selec
t new
mes
sage
Enter n
ame
Selec
t corre
ct e
ntry fr
om li
st
Selec
t mes
sage
field
Type
mes
sage
Edit m
ispel
t word
Send
Return
to m
ain m
enu
Put phone
to s
tandby
Return
to p
ocket
MAX
Task
% G
B A
du
lts
Large printFont
Engineering Design Centre26
4.4
4.6
4.8
5
5.2
5.4
5.6
5.8
6
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90
Me
an
Sa
tisfa
ctio
n
Age (Years)
It’s not all bad news!
• Satisfaction with life index
Engineering Design Centre27
Things have got complex
“ I have always wished for my computer to be as easy to use as my telephone; my wish has come true
because I can no longer figure out how to use my telephone ”
Bjarne Stroustrup
Pushbutton success
Emporia Telecom & Cambridge University 28
Softkey & Call handling
buttons
Emporia Telecom & Cambridge University 29
Pushbutton success
But…
Emporia Telecom & Cambridge University 30
Small five-way keypad
But…
Emporia Telecom & Cambridge University 31
A Detailed Look at Menu Design
Emporia Telecom & Cambridge University32
Select and confirm menu
Emporia Telecom & Cambridge University33
Select and confirm menu
Emporia Telecom & Cambridge University34
The touch revolution
Emporia Telecom & Cambridge University35
All touches are equal, but some are more equal…
Emporia Telecom & Cambridge University 36
Action Function
Press Sleep / out of sleep
Press & hold then slide Power off
Press & hold Power on
Press & hold with home key
Full reboot
Home Button
Power Button
Action Function
Press 1x (home screen) Search
Press 1x Return home screen
Press 1x (edit mode) Exit mode
Press 2x Multi-tasking
Press 2x (lock screen) iPod app control activation
Press 3x Accessibility
Press & hold Voice control
A Game of Hide and Seek…
Emporia Telecom & Cambridge University 37
Function Initial Action Visible
App launch Press ✔
Open folder Press ✔
Create folder Press & drag app onto app ✗
Browse apps Swipe left & right ✗
Delete App Press & hold ✗
Move App Press & hold ✗
Switch active app Press x2 ✗
Stop active app Press x2 ✗
Search Press x2 or swipe ✗
Return home Press home key ✗
Accessibility Press x3 ✗
Keypad lock Press power key ✗
Orientation lock Press x2 then swipe right ✗
Volume (soft) Press x2 then swipe right x2 ✗
iPod control Press x2 then swipe right ✗
Engineering Design Centre38
The Art
of
Simple
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…forget what you know
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If you forget what you know, what is it?
Engineering Design Centre41
• “Film reel”• “To record calls”• “To see things better - icon looks like
glasses”• “To put decimals in numbers”• “Link between two people”
“Staple”“Bed”
“Linking something – two calls”
“Upside down bench”
As the population ages and we become even more reliant on technology we need to practice…
Engineering Design Centre42
The Art
of
Simple
Thank you for listening
Ian Hosking