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From the Ground Up Introducing Green at Partners Healthcare
Nexus / Green Roundtable
May 6, 2010
Scope
Organization
Energy
Research
Design
20 MILE R
ADIUS
Partners Hospitals
47,000 employees
14.5M sf owned and leased
PEOPLEPatients and Employees
Comfort and Safety
PLANETEnvironmental PerformanceCommunity Health
PROFITEconomic Performance
Improved Efficiency
PRESSUREIncreasing Regulation
PRESSUREIncreasing
CompetitionPRESSURE
AND OPPORTUNITY
CAUSE FOR ACTION THE TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE
Current world average1.3 x sustainability level
United States4.6 x sustainability level
60% of US footprint is CO2 from fossil fuels
THE ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT Ref.1 IS A MEASURE OF
THE HUMAN DEMAND ON NATURAL RESOURCES
VS. THE EARTH’S CAPACITY TO REGENERATE ITSELF Typical
US acute care
hospital approx. 15-20 x
sustainable level Ref.2
Ref 1: The Ecological Footprint Atlas 2008. Oakland: Global Footprint Network. Ref 2: Guenther and Vittori Sustainable Healthcare Architecture pp.368-370
[Costa Rica]1.0 x sustainability level
CAUSE FOR ACTION PLANET and ENVIRONMENT
ACTION AREAS
SITE / LOCATION
TRANSPORTATION
BUILT ENVIRONMENTENERGYWATERWASTE
TOXINS / HAZMATFOOD
CLINICAL / RESEARCH EQUPT
RESPONSIBLE PARTIES
Primary
Secondary
BWHMGHSRHFaulknerNSMCNWHSKRHRHCIUnionMVNantucket
Real E
state
& Faciliti
es
Faciliti
es Eng
ineeri
ng
Purcha
sing /
Mate
rials M
gmt
Inform
ation
syste
ms
Human
Resou
rces
Building
s and
Grou
nds
Parking
/ Com
muter S
ervice
s
Enviro
nmen
tal Serv
ices
Dietary
Service
s
Clinicia
ns / R
esea
rchers
Nursing
Infec
tion C
ontro
l
PHSOrganization
WHAT PARTNERS IS DOING
All medical, research materials governed by state and federal regulation
Environmentally Preferable Purchasing (EPP) program
Eliminate Mercury
Reduce/eliminate toxic cleaning materials, herbicides, pesticides
New building materials to eliminate off-gasing e.g. rubber floors, non-toxic glues
Construction waste increasingly governed by state regulation and LEED
WASTE / TOXINS / HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
GOAL Improved enforcement, process design
WHAT PARTNERS IS DOING
Electronic faucets
Low flow toilets and showers
Convert to digital imaging (X-rays, MRI’s, etc.)
Gray water recycling
Cooling tower blow-down water
Drought-resistant planting/drip irrigation
WATER
PARTNERS CONSUMES 1.5 MILLION GALLONS OF WATER PER DAYGOAL 30% reduction in water use by 2018
If you replace a pre-1980 model
that uses
7 GALLONS per flush
You’ll save
5.4 GALLONS per flush or 77%
If you replace a pre-1980 model
that uses
5 GALLONS per flush
You’ll save
3.4 GALLONSper flush or 68%
If you replace a pre-1980 model
that uses
3.5 GALLONS
per flush
You’ll save
1.9 GALLONS
per flush or 54%
WHAT PARTNERS IS DOING
Healthy Eating programs
Healthy Heart/ Diabetes Self-Management
Cafeterias menu options/Local Purchasing
Eliminate polystyrene
Sustainable flatware/ materials
Composting
GOAL Energy and Materials reduction; Healthy Menu in every hospital
FOOD
10 MILES
MIT Dept of Civil Engineering, 2008
Home Addresses MGH, BWH, SRH Based on 39,026 employee addresses
TRANSPORTATION
H
HH
Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital
Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Massachusetts General Hospital
EMPLOYEES SELECTION SETS
TRANSPORTATION HOSPITAL MODE SPLIT
MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL
BRIGHAM AND WOMEN’S HOSPITAL
SPAULDING REHABILITATION HOSPITAL
OPTIONS transit subsidies / shuttle / carpool / zipcar / bikes / walking
CONNECTED WORK A TELEWORKING PROGRAM Wellesley Gateway
10 MILES
RESERVABLE WORKSPACES
HUDDLE ROOMS
TEMPORARY LOCKERS
15-30 MINUTE TOUCHDOWN
SPACES
CONNECTED WORK A TELEWORKING PROGRAM Wellesley Gateway
# Pilot Participants 114
ConnectedWork Stations 12 + 3
Permanent Work Stations Released 40
Net Work Spaces Released 25
Net Person Days Worked 570
Days Worked from Home 193
Days Worked in CW Suite 377
Average Daily Commute (total both ways) 40 miles
Commuting Miles Avoided/Week 7,720
Gallons of Gas Saved/Week (25 miles/gal.) 309
Commuting Miles Avoided/Year 402,984
Equivalent Pounds of CO2 Emissions 312,876EN
V.
BE
N.
EM
PL
OY
EE
B
EN
EF
ITS
PA
RT
NE
RS
B
EN
EF
ITS
CONNECTED WORK A TELEWORKING PROGRAM Wellesley Gateway
Partners overall energy reduction target 2008–2018, in line with State and Federal targets
Partners consumes 364,761,721 kWh of electricity per year, equivalent to electrical consumption for 47,000 single family homes*
ENERGY TARGETS SYSTEM WIDE
-25%
* http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/esr/table5.xls
Health Care second most energy intensive use in commercial sector
approx. 250 kBtu/sf/year
ENERGY
ENERGY TARGETS SYSTEM WIDE
ENERGYCapital Investment to achieve 28.2% Energy Reduction
Total Energy Conservation Measures $61M
Boilers/Condensate Heat Recovery
5.1%, $3.3M
New Chiller System1%, $.7M
Unoccupied Lighting Control
3.5%, $4.6M
Water Source Heat Pumps9.4%, $5.5
Fume Hoods16.7%, $14.2M
AHU Modifications and OA Control
57.7%, $28.2M
Retro-Commissioning HVAC6.6%, $4.5M
80
180 INPUT
100
Conventional Grid180 input / 100 output
45% energy loss
SINGLE PURPOSE BOILER PLANTOn site, decentralized
CENTRAL ELECTRICAL PLANTOffsite
ENERGY STRATEGY Supply EfficiencyConventional Systems
30
60
40
20
60
60
40
60
40Total
Output
100
INPUT 130 70% of conventional
Conventional Grid180 input / 100 output
45% energy loss
COMBINED HEAT and POWER
On-site, decentralized
Distributed Power130 input / 100 output23% energy loss
ENERGY STRATEGY Supply EfficiencyCombined Heat and Power
30
60
40
20
60
60
40
60
40Total
Output
100
Target 146 kBtus/sf/year
ENERGY STRATEGY NEW BUILDINGS
CBECS/HC 250 kBtus/sf/year
?? Existing Buildings ??
-42%
• Proposed new Rehabilitation Hospital on Brownfield site
• 261,300 s.f. above ground / 117,000 s.f. below• 8 Story building• 5 inpatient floors • 3 floor base of outpatient, support services, and
public spaces• 132 private inpatient beds• 120 adult beds/ 12 pediatric beds
• 76% of the ground floor dedicated to public activities – café, conference rooms, gift shop, chapel, pool
• Designed as a model hospital for accessibility and barrier free design, inside and out
• Incorporates latest sustainable and energy efficient technologies targeting LEED Silver rating
PROPOSEDNEW CONSTRUCTION
PERKINS+ WILL
SPAULDING REHABILITATION HOSPITAL CHARLESTOWN NAVY YARD, BOSTON
REGENERATIVE DESIGN
ENERGY
MATERIAL LIFE-CYCLE
WATER
ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION
DAYLIGHTING + CIRCADIAN RHYTHM
NATURE / BIOPHILIA
MATERIAL HEALTH
HEALTH + WELL-BEING
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
RESILIENCE
BEAUTY + INSPIRATION
COMMUNITY CONNECTIVITY
RESOURCES
HEALTH
& WELL-BEING
COMMUNITY
NATURE
REGENERATIVE DESIGN PERKINS+ WILL
CRITERIA FOR SUSTAINABLE HEALTHCARE FRAMEWORK
New Technologies
Fuel Cell cogeneration
Glazing / Perimeter radiation
Displacement Ventilation
Graywater
…and the Issues
Infection Control (patient and employee
safety)
Psychometric comfort
Energy Reduction
Capital Cost
RESEARCH PERKINS+ WILL
CRITERIA FOR SUSTAINABLE HEALTHCARE FRAMEWORK
INPATIENT FLOOR
• Incorporate Design Elements for Human Delight
• Noise Reduction/ Improved Acoustical Environment
• Incorporate Natural Elements into Interior Spaces
• Views to Vegetated (Green) Roof• Views to Nature• Enhanced Daylighting for Patient
Rooms• Patient Control Over Thermal Comfort• Operable Windows for Passive
Survivability
PERKINS+ WILL
SPAULDING REHABILITATION HOSPITAL CHARLESTOWN NAVY YARD, BOSTON
• Daylighting o Patient Rooms (Clerestory Windows)o Multipurpose Roomso Therapy Gymso Office Areas
• Building Envelope Performance Improvemento High Performance Glazing/ Quad
Glazing at Patient Rooms o Reduced Glazing %o Increased Insulation
• Natural Ventilationo Therapy Gymso Multi-purpose Rooms/ “Porches”/
Patient Education
PERKINS+ WILL
SPAULDING REHABILITATION HOSPITAL CHARLESTOWN NAVY YARD, BOSTON
BUILDING ENVELOPE
BUILDING 114
• High Efficiency Chillers, Boilers and other HVAC Equipment
• High Efficiency Lighting Fixtures• Cogeneration – Natural Gas Fuel
Cello Provides % of electricity for building.o Heat is used for hot water reheat
and for ice melt on site.o Excess heat is transferred to hot
water and piped to Building 114.
FUEL CELL
BUILDING SYSTEMSENERGY USE REDUCTION
PERKINS+ WILL
SPAULDING REHABILITATION HOSPITAL CHARLESTOWN NAVY YARD, BOSTON
• Rainwater Collection for Irrigation• Water-efficient Plumbing Fixtures• Graywater Collection/ Treatment for
Cooling Tower Make-Up and Toilet Flushing.
RAINWATER COLLECTED FROM ROOFS AND STORED IN CISTERN. USED PRIMARILY FOR IRRIGATION. OVERFLOW IS SENT TO GRAYWATER CISTERN.
BLOWDOWN & CONDENSATE FROM COOLING TOWER ARE COLLECTED, TREATED & STORED IN GRAYWATER CISTERN. MOST OF THE WATER IS USED FOR COOLING TOWER MAKE-UP, WITH EXCESS USED FOR TOILET FLUSHING.
BUILDING SYSTEMSWATER USE REDUCTION
PERKINS+ WILL
SPAULDING REHABILITATION HOSPITAL CHARLESTOWN NAVY YARD, BOSTON
RESEARCH HEATING AND VENTILATION
In Progress Two Studies
Buro Happold Spaulding HospitalBuilding envelope / Perimeter radiation
Mazzetti Nash Lipsey Burch / Stantec / TCIDisplacement Ventilation
Common Issues
Infection Control (patient and employee safety)
Psychometric comfort
Energy Reduction
Capital Cost
P1 Head
P2 feet
V2 Head and feet
V1 Head and feet
Typical Patient Room
Boundary Conditions
Interior surfaces – 70 deg F
Exterior walls – 68 deg F
Glass –
Night time – no solar radiation
No additional internal thermal loads have been accounted for.
Infiltration modeled at 0.12 ACH supply condition (at 5 deg F) spread across window frame.
BUILDING ENVELOPE - PATIENT ROOM COMFORT STUDY
BUILDING ENVELOPE - PATIENT ROOM COMFORT STUDY
The Patient Room Comfort Study showed that eliminating the fin tube radiation and installing quad glazing would allow for the same thermal comfort with an initial capital cost savings of $300,000 and operating savings throughout the life of the building.
V1 feet
P1
V2 head
P2 feet
BUILDING ENVELOPE - PATIENT ROOM COMFORT STUDY
V1 feet
P1 & P2 V2 head
Summary – The air speed, air temperature, and mean radiant temperature calculated in the CFD models indicates that an all air heating system will maintain thermal comfort in the patient rooms assuming that triple pane glass is used in the window assemblies with a thermally broken frame.
Just right
BUILDING ENVELOPE - PATIENT ROOM COMFORT STUDY
Displacement Ventilation
Cooling mode
4 air changes per hour
Conventional Overhead Ventilation
Cooling mode
6 air changes per hour
Mazzetti Nash Lipsey Burch / Stantec / TCI
RESEARCH DISPLACEMENT VENTILATION
VIEW FROM 1ST AVENUE PERKINS+ WILL
SPAULDING REHABILITATION HOSPITAL CHARLESTOWN NAVY YARD, BOSTON
Partners HealthCareSustainable Initiatives
Nexus / Green Roundtable
May 6, 2010
thanks to:
Perkins + Will
Buro Happold
CDM / Jacobs
Mazzetti Nash Lipsey Burch
TCI
Partners IS
MIT Dept of Civil Engineering
Practice Greenhealth