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fear AS A
DESIGN MATTER m
appi
ng
the
reas
suri
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scen
ario
Daniela Petrillo PhD Candidate - Design
DESIGN forURBANREASSURINGSCENARIO
Uninhabit Fears
Agrigento | March, 7th 2015 Ist International Conference on Environmental Design
Isolates building facades | Z. Gaudrillot - 2014
2011
2012DesignAgainstCrime @ UAL - Uk | #crime
MSc Interior Design@ Polimi | #jail
PhD in Design@ Polimi | #urbanfear
Design consultant @ ABCittà | #jail
Urban ReassuringScenario
2013/14 2015
Hello!
Scientific board @ DAStu | #jail
WHY A RESEARCH?
To actively contribute to the debate on fear & safety
issues, inquiring their impact in the urban environment through an ethical, political and social point of view.
INTRODUCTION
There will be no miracles here | Nathan Coley - Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art, 2007
self actualization
esteem
belonging
safetyphysiological
MASLOW’S PYRAMID
The hierarchy of needs model sug-gests that certain kinds of need are more basic than other kinds and that until these are reasonably satisfied other considerations have little effect on overall satisfaction.
Maslow, 1954
INTRODUCTION
FROM WHAT?
The path strarts fromcity & surveilled space
to analyze the relationship between city, inhabitants and authority. How does the fair development of daily activities is protected and guaranteed within the complex urban system?
Architettura e Sorveglianza | Marco Biagi - Triennale di Milano - “Senza Pericolo!”, 2012
Foucault, Surveiller et punir: Naissance de la prison, 1975
INTRODUCTION
Recollected Memories| J. Patterson - 2013
1st RESEARCH QUESTION
Surveillance as the first and faster answer to a raising safety request.But how to inquiry its ecological as-pects and their meanings in the urban context?
M. Surace - Dalla sorveglianza moderna alla New Surveillance - 2013
INTRODUCTION
WHAT FEAR IS?for all
Emotion of pain or uneasiness caused by the sense of impending danger. Such feelings are manifest as a state of constant or intermitted anxiety.
Shorter Oxford English Dictionary
Psycho | Alfred Hitchcock, 1960
INTRODUCTION
Routine | Miraruido, 2013
Perception of a threat to some as-pect of wellbeing, concurrent with the feeling of inability to meet the challenge.
WHAT FEAR IS?for psychology
A. Van der Wurff and Stringer, 1989
A construct, the result of different ele-ments that vary from subjectivity and previous experiences to objectivity and real danger around us.
J. Bannister; N. Fyfe - Fear and the City, 2001
WHAT FEAR IS?for sociology
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
WHAT FEAR IS?for this research
Through the visual elements, peo-ple effectively read the environment as a barometer of risk and protec-tive factors. Fear is embedded in the physical and social characteristics of place and the familiarity of that space to the individual.
J. Bannister; N. Fyfe - Fear and the City, 2001
Geografia cerebrale | A. Monne, 2012
Crime and fear of crime may have substantial impacts on wellbeing, but the pathways are often highlyindirect, mediated by environmen-tal factors, difficult to disentangle and not always in the expected direc-tion.
T. Lorenc - Crime, fear of crime, environment, mental health & wellbeing - 2012
INTRODUCTION
THE COMPLEX FRAMEWORK
Framework adapted from T. Lorenc research
Four main aspects of the framework are the new indicators of the “daily quality of life”. Then, Emotional responses, Interper-sonal Relationships Neighborhood and Community factors allow this re-search to inquiry the soft and the hard aspects that influence the notion of environment.
INTRODUCTION
THE COMPLEX FRAMEWORK
REASON
SAFE VS. REASSURING
The “fear of...” is not strictly related to the direct experience of crime but rather in how people experience and interpret theurban space. The reassuring concept is wider than the safe one: it opens the research to a multidisciplinary approach and to a more flexible strategy.
Berlin Map | Lisa Hankow, 2012
SAFE. Design Takes on Risk
“Pressure is around every corner, and human resilience is necessary for survival can be surprising.Such resilience reminds us how pow-erful can be. How safe we are de-pends on our perception of what is at hand and protect us.”
P. Antonelli SAFE: Design Takes on Risk” / MoMa Exhibition catalogue (2005)
safeDesign Takes on Risk
October, 16 2005 / January, 2 2006MoMA, NY
REASON
http://www.moma.org/interactives/exhibitions/2005/safe/safe.html
REASON
“Pressure is around every corner, and human resilience is necessary fo survival can be surprising.Such resilience reminds us how pow-erful can be. How safe we are de-pends on our perception of what is at hand and protect us.”
A NEW PARADIGM
http://living.corriere.it/lifestyle/design/2011/antonelli-moma-30341729243.shtml
PATTERN
HOSTILE
HOSPITABLE
UNPLEASANTPLEASANT
VS. The same paradigm is crucial for two European schools of research:
> UNPLEASANT DESIGNby S. Savić and G. Savičić EPFL, Swiss
> DESIGN FOR HOSPITABLE CITYby L. Crespi Polimi, Italy
A NEW PATTERN
UNPLEASANT
An accumulation of urban phenom-ena in which social control and its in-herent design play a significant role in the way we perceive and engage in public space and social interactions.
Savić, Savičić, Unpleasant Design - p 4, 2013
PATTERN
Fakir’s rest | inquiry by Gilles Paté. 2009
PLEASANT
Rothstein, Unpleasant Design - p 14, 2013
A plateau, it is a state we would hope to achieve for a long, stable, self rein-forced period. It describes the systemic shape of our lives, and the mean which things persist.
PATTERN
Lent Space | Interboro - New York, 2009
HOSTILE
Definition from the Shorter Oxford English Dictionary
An enemy, something which is in oppo-sition, as an environment that doesn’t foster health or wellbeing because of its inhospitable features.
PATTERN
Dogville | Lars von Trier, 2003
HOSPITABLE
A pleasant environment, favorable for living in.
Definition from the Shorter Oxford English Dictionary
PATTERN
Pleasantville | Gary Ross, 1998
HOSPITABLE CITY
The capability of a city to be open, ac-cessible and sustainable and to be able to manage people mobility, to regener-ate public spaces, to offer an intelligent variety of services.
Fassi, Giunta, Hospitable City, Cumulus 38°s 2009
PATTERN
WHATAMI | stARTT studio, Maxxi Museum, YAP Prize, 2011
QUESTION OF QUALITIES
“That’s why cities are ugly or beautiful,
depending on the beauty or ugliness of the streets in which they are made of. and in relation to the energy of hu-man activities they contain.”
G. De Carlo, Nelle città del mondo, p 25, 1995
PATTERN
21 Balançoirs | Daily tous le jours - Montreal, 2012
BEAUTY
A synonim of a kind of quality able to activate a social spatial attention on urban shapes.
L. Crespi, Hospitable Cities, 2014
PATTERN
Superkilen | Topotek1 + BIG Architects, 2011
PROJECTS
PRACTICES
&HOW IT WORKS?
> 2 years long desk phase> Practices >> Process, funding, stakeholders>> Reassuring process> Projects>> Needs, shape, scale, materials>> Reassuring languages
INQUIRIES
BEST PRACTICES
INQUIRIES
> 15 practices> Top down / bottom up comparison> European context> Sustainable > Reliable> Transferable
INQUIRIES
INQUIRIES
WE DU - Decoro Urbano
> “Comuni Attivi” network> Online platform> App for smartphone> Website available for Municipalities> Collaborative mapping> Open dialogue> Direct reply
Italy - 2014developed by Maioralab
with Italian Dept. of Public Administrationsupported by Wikitaly & AGCOM
www.decorourbano.org
INQUIRIES
LE JARDIN DE TA SOEUR
> 3 years-long process> Informal self - organization > Community garden> Process lead by design> Cultural activities> From temporary to permanent> Self organized reappropriation
Bordeaux (FR) - 2003/06developed by Bruit de Frigo
with Centre Social Bordeaux Nordsupervision by C. Petrau Architect & A. Meurice
www.jardindetasoeur.org
INQUIRIES
GRATOSOGLIO TVB
> Law 285/1997> NEET> Suburbs> Council Neighborhood> Integrated project> Educational path> Research - action
Milan (IT), 2014 within “Adolescent & Safety” program
developed by Lo Scrigno associationwith Amapola and Farsi Prossimo
supported by Municipality of Milan and 5th District
INQUIRIES
Gratosoglio, December 2014 | photo by D. Petrillo
GRATOSOGLIO TVB
> 1 year long process>> Surveys>> Mapping>> Identity>> Events >> Networking> Next funding for 2015: approved!
INQUIRIES
DESIGN EXPERIENCES
> 25 projects> Quartile system> European context> Lead by safety needs> Lifetime index> Scale factor index> 4 categories
INQUIRIES
INQUIRIES
use / one to one
observation / one to many
narration / many to many
interactions / many to one
INQUIRIES
INQUIRIES
INQUIRIES
INQUIRIES
system product
collective
interactive
individual
1
3
4
5
VERTICAL SURFACES PRODUCT
SCATTEREDINTERVENTION
INFORMATIONS
2 HORIZONTAL SURFACES
independent
permanent
temporary
1 - CITÉ CRÉATION
> Façade> Walls are the skin of the inhabitants> Partecipatory process> Site specific> Process lead by design> Cultural action> Domestic landscape
France - since 1978developed by CitéCréation
image by Paint Wall Circuitsupervision by C. Petrau Architect & A. Meurice
www.cite-creation.com
INQUIRIES
INQUIRIES
1 - CITÉ CRÉATION
> Façade> Walls are the skin of the inhabitants> Partecipatory process> Site specific> Process lead by design> Cultural action> Domestic landscape
France - since 1978developed by CitéCréation
image by Paint Wall Circuitsupervision by C. Petrau Architect & A. Meurice
www.cite-creation.com
2 - MI PISTA CAMPAIGN
> Horizontal surfaces> Empty spaces> Online Platfrom> Marketing campaign> Tradition > Nighttime > Pop - up / laser beam
Madrid (ES) - 2012developed by Doubleyoufor Nike Football Spain
www.doubleyou.com
INQUIRIES
INQUIRIES
2 - MI PISTA CAMPAIGN
> Horizontal surfaces> Empty spaces> Online Platfrom> Marketing campaign> Tradition > Nighttime > Pop - up / laser beam
Madrid (ES) - 2012developed by Doubleyoufor Nike Football Spain
www.doubleyou.com
3 - SOCIAL FENCES
> Separating device > Product> Fence as playground> Behavioural shift> From “negative” to “positive”> Modular system> Mixed languages
New York (US) - 2007project by Tejo Remy
within Reclaiming Designproducted by gelmo.nl
www.remyveenhuizen.nl
INQUIRIES
4 - GREEN GRAFFITI
> Element of decay> Isolated intervention> Different techniques> Brand advertising> Sustainable> Legal and temporary> Organized reappropriation
Amsterdam (NL) - 2007idea by MOOSE
developed by GREEN GRAFFITI international network
www.greengraffiti.com
INQUIRIES
INQUIRIES
4 - GREEN GRAFFITI
> Element of decay> Isolated intervention> Different techniques> Brand advertising> Sustainable> Legal and temporary> Organized reappropriation
Amsterdam (NL) - 2007idea by MOOSE
developed by GREEN GRAFFITI international network
www.greengraffiti.com
5 - WALK YOUR CITY
> Spreading information> Guerrilla wayfinding> Kickstarter project (urban issues)> Collaborative platform> Enhancing local culture> Walkable and safe> Worldwide
Raleigh (NC) | USA - 2012developed by CityFabric
first funding on Kickstarter.com
www.walkyourcity.org
INQUIRIES
INQUIRIES
5 - WALK YOUR CITY
> Spreading information> Guerrilla wayfinding> Kickstarter project (urban issues)> Collaborative platform> Enhancing local culture> Walkable and safe> Worldwide
Raleigh (NC) | USA - 2012developed by CityFabric
first funding on Kickstarter.com
www.walkyourcity.org
CONCLUSION
Image developed with the partecipants | “Adolescent & Safety” activities @ Gratosoglio TVB
CONCLUSION
Gratosoglio
San Siro
"The existing public housing heritage" - Map with GIS Elaboration based on data by Comune di Milano (2013) - p. 19 on "Vuoti a rendere" by F. Cognetti
NEXT STEPS
To develop two pilot experiences in col-laboration with the Municipality of Mi-lan (Dept. of House and Dept. of Safety and Social Cohesion) in two different council neighborhoods in order to test a set of strategies through partecipa-tory activities.
Murders2004 | 10
Burglary 2007 | 10
Robbery2007 | 10
CONCLUSION
SAN SIROVia Micene, 2 - January 2013ph. by Daniela Petrillo for Mapping San Siro
GRATOSOGLIOVia Baroni - November 2014
ph. by Daniela Petrillo
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
Jump | J. H. Lartigue, 1960
WHAT’S NEW?
Afterward the discourse leads to explore the existing design resources to define new methods and strategies to face the raising safety request.
WHAT’S NEW?
Both of them are inherent to the wid-er notion of beauty as an essential quality of a good environment. Beauty is fundamental to people’s lives, independantly from their cultur-al or geographic background. The perception of beauty, or the lack of it, is part of people’s everyday lives.
CONCLUSION
I, Bauman, Beauty, localism and deprivation - CABE, 2010
CONCLUSION
The lack of beauty is one of the most immediate ways of recognizing dissat-isfactions and conflicts.Experience is the most popular meth-od of accessing beauty: the ability to have an environment in which people can receive the best of what that it has to give.
CONCLUSION
