ELEMENTS IN NATURAL AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT (ENBE)

FINAL PROJECT

R E P O R T

CARDINAL CITY

NAME: JONTHAN LIM

STUDENT ID: 0321119

INTAKE: FNBE AUGUST 2014

DATE: 7TH NOVEMBER 2014

LECTURER: PN. HASMANIRA

INTRODUCTION 20 years in the future, Earth’s magnetic fields have become distorted and has tipped the

balance of magnetic properties on the surface of Earth. Theories behind the cause such as

global warming, mass pollution, and destruction of Mother Nature have been suggested as the

reasons behind the phenomena. However, there has been no consensus behind the true reason

of the phenomenon. Life on the surface of Earth has become almost impossible to live on.

Mankind, sought on to take opportunity of this phenomenon by building a floating city. This

city has a radial design split into 8 platforms with a central magnetic stem that holds them in

place. Built with a magnetic foundation, this city has the ability to suspend itself above

Earth’s surface and rotate its platforms when commanded to. The latest eco-friendly and

green technology has provided a self-sustaining environment and a more intricately organised

plan for this city. This city also offers accurate on-time public transportation services and a

whole new means of personal transportation based on the use of magnetism. When viewed

from its plan, the city takes form of a giant compass. And as compasses rely on magnetism,

this city is built with the ability to fully adapt and utilize the power of magnetism. Its 8

platforms that point in the 8 cardinal directions (North, North-East, East, South-East, South,

South-West, West and North-West) has given itself the name, Cardinal City.

PRECEDENT STUDY ANCIENT CITY

ACOMA PUEBLO

“THE SKY CITY”

Strategically built atop a 357-foot sandstone mesa for defensive purposes, the Acoma Pueblo

is more familiarly known as Sky City. Believed to be the oldest continuously inhabited city in

the United States, the pueblo was built sometime between 1100 and 1250 A.D.

The name "Acoma" means "People of the White Rock" in the Puebloan Kersan dialect.

The pueblo, covering some 70 acres, is actually comprised of several villages including

Acomita, McCarty’s, Anzac and Sky Line.

The site was chosen, in part, because it provided a defensive position for the tribe against

raiders. Access to the pueblo was difficult as the faces of the mesa are sheer and before

modern times, it could only be accessed by a hand-cut staircase carved into the sandstone.

For centuries the Acoma people have farmed the valley below the Acoma Pueblo using

irrigation canals in the villages closer to the Rio San Jose River. They were also actively

involved in trading, not only with neighbouring pueblos, but, also over long distances with

the Aztec and Mayan peoples.

The pueblo was already well established when Francisco Vasquez de Coronadowas the first

European to lay eyes on it in 1540, describing it as: "One of the strongest ever seen, because

the city was built on a high rock. The ascent was so difficult that we repented climbing to the

top."

Almost fifty years later, Sky City was almost destroyed in 1598 when Governor Juan de

Oñate, under orders from the King of Spain, invaded New Mexico, and began staging raids

on Native American pueblosin the area, taking anything of value. When the Spanish soldiers

arrived in the area, they made their headquarters at the Ohkay Owingeh Pueblo, formerly

called the San Juan Pueblo, located about 25 miles north of Santa Fe. Upon their arrival, they

removed the Tewa Indians who lived there and used it as a base to stage more raids on

other Native American pueblos in the area.

In December, 1898, a party of Spanish soldiers seeking food arrived at Acoma. Initially, they

were welcomed and treated in a friendly manner until the soldiers turned aggressive and

began to demand grain from the Acoma storehouses, which was needed for the tribe to

survive the winter. Provoking a furious reaction, the Acoma attacked the soldiers, killing 13

of them, including their commander, Juan de Zaldivar, who was a nephew of Juan de Oñate.

In response, Oñate resolved to make an example of Acoma, and dispatched 70 of his best

men, under the command of Vicente de Zaldivar, to attack the Acoma Pueblo. On January 21,

1599, the Spanish troops came into view of the pueblo and the tribe fanned out from their

village to guard the edge of the mesa. As the Spaniards drew closer, the defenders unleashed

a barrage of rocks and arrows down on them. Despite the defensive barrage coming from atop

the mesa, the soldiers fought their way to the top over the next three days. During the battle,

the Spaniards brought a small cannon up the back of the mesa and began firing into the

village. The battle then became a massacre and when it was over, as many as 800 Acoma

people were dead and theirpueblo in ruins.

Afterwards, the survivors were marched to the Santo Domingo Pueblo (now known as

the Kewa Pueblo), where all males over the age of 12 were condemned to 20 years' servitude.

Of the few dozen Acoma men of fighting age who were still alive after the battle, they were

sentenced to have one foot cut off. The surviving children under the age of 12 were taken

from their parents, and given to Spanish missionaries to raise. However, most of them, as

well as the women were sold into slavery. Oñate was later tried, convicted of cruelty

to Indians and colonists, and was banished from New Mexico. However, he appealed the

ruling and was later cleared of all charges. He lived out the rest of his life in Spain.

In the end, the approximate population of the 2,000 people who had lived at the Acoma

Pueblo was reduced to approximately 250 survivors. In time, some of the Acoma people

managed to escape and made their way home, where they began the long process of

rebuilding. Since that time, it has been continuously inhabited and never again fell to an

invader.

PRESENT CITY

TOKYO CITY

JAPAN

The mainland portion of Tokyo lies northwest of Tokyo Bay and measures about 90 km

(56 mi) east to west and 25 km (16 mi) north to south. The average elevation in Tokyo is

40 m (131 ft). Chiba Prefecture borders it to the east, Yamanashi to the west, Kanagawa to

the south, and Saitama to the north. Mainland Tokyo is further subdivided into the special

wards (occupying the eastern half) and the Tama area stretching westwards.

Also within the administrative boundaries of Tokyo Metropolis are two island chains in

the Pacific Ocean directly south: the Izu Islands, and the Ogasawara Islands, which stretch

more than 1,000 km (620 mi) away from the mainland. Because of these islands and

mountainous regions to the west, Tokyo's overall population density figures far

underrepresent the real figures for urban and suburban regions of Tokyo.

Under Japanese law, Tokyo is designated as a to, translated as metropolis. Its administrative

structure is similar to that of Japan's other prefectures. Within Tokyo lie dozens of smaller

entities, including many cities, the 23 special wards, districts, towns, villages, a quasi-

national park, and a national park. The 23 special wards, which until 1943 constituted the city

of Tokyo, are now separate, self-governing municipalities, each having a mayor, a council,

and the status of a city.

In addition to these 23 special wards, Tokyo also includes 26 more cities, five towns, and

eight villages, each of which has a local government. The Tokyo Metropolitan Government is

headed by a publicly elected governor and metropolitan assembly. Its headquarters are in the

ward of Shinjuku. They govern all of Tokyo, including lakes, rivers, dams, farms, remote

islands, and national parks in addition to its neon jungles, skyscrapers and crowded

underground.

Tokyo Metropolis, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan. Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the

center of the Greater, and the most populous metropolitan area in the world. It is the seat of

the Japanese government and the Imperial Palace, and the home of the Japanese Imperial

Family. Tokyo is in the Kantō region on the south-eastern side of the main island Honshu and

includes the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands. Tokyo Metropolis was formed in 1943 from

the merger of the former Tokyo Prefecture and the city of Tokyo.

Tokyo is often referred to and thought of as a city, but is officially known and governed as a

"metropolitan prefecture", which differs from and combines elements of both a city and a

prefecture; a characteristic unique to Tokyo. The Tokyo metropolitan government

administers the 23 Special Wards of Tokyo (each governed as an individual city), which

cover the area that was formerly the City of Tokyo before it merged and became the

subsequent metropolitan prefecture in 1943. The metropolitan government also administers

39 municipalities in the western part of the prefecture and the two outlying island chains. The

population of the special wards is over 9 million people, with the total population of the

prefecture exceeding 13 million. The prefecture is part of the world's most populous

metropolitan area with upwards of 37.8 million people and the world's largest urban

economy. The city hosts 51 of the Fortune Global 500 companies, the highest number of any

city. The city is also home of various television networks like Fuji TV and the Tokyo

Broadcasting System.

The city is considered an alpha+ world city—as listed by the GaWC's 2008 inventory—and

in 2014, Tokyo was ranked first in the "Best overall experience" category of TripAdvisor's

World City Survey (the city also ranked first in the following categories: "Helpfulness of

locals", "Nightlife", "Shopping", "Local public transportation" and "Cleanliness of streets").

In 2013, Tokyo was named the third most expensive city for expatriates, according to the

Mercer consulting firm, and the world's most expensive city, according to the Economist's

cost-of-living survey. In 2009 Tokyo was named the third Most Liveable City by the

magazine Monocle. The Michelin Guide has awarded Tokyo by far the most Michelin stars

of any city in the world.

FURTHER RESEARCH

BETTER TOWN PLANNING

“CITELUM”

The modern city

Today cities are changing faster than ever before—presenting local governments with

unprecedented challenges. At Citelum, our mission is to bring innovative responses to new

public service management needs. We offer urban electrical equipment systems that can cope

with the often conflicting demands resulting from:

Rapid city expansion

An increasingly individualized society

Pressing environmental concerns

Urban electrical equipment At Citelum, we have develop substantial expertise in the management of public electricity

grids. Recognized specialists in the management of urban electrical equipment, we now also

offer market-leading urban lighting and traffic management solutions and services:

Street lighting

Lighting for heritage buildings and monuments

Traffic signals

Access control

Traffic-light radars

Electric vehicle charging terminals and stations

Video surveillance

Business lines Citelum brings users smart urban electrical equipment that contributes to tomorrow’s

environmentally-friendly, communicating city

At Citelum, we have developed substantial expertise in the management of public electricity

grids. Recognized specialists in the management of urban electrical equipment, we now also

offer market-leading urban lighting and traffic management solutions and services. We use

cities’ existing infrastructure to roll out the broad range of new electrical equipment today’s

urban development projects require.

Building on our historic core business, we have expanded into new business lines to help

cities get more than just functional performance out of their lighting systems. We can

leverage existing lighting systems to install and operate new and emerging electrical

equipment including:

Video surveillance

Electric vehicle charging terminals and stations

Access control

Electronic signage

Wi-Fi hotspots connected directly to the lighting grid

Our traffic management services also take a big-picture view, going beyond traffic lights to

consider cities’ overall traffic needs, such as:

Traffic-light radars

Illuminated bollards

Illuminated directional signs

Taxi call boxes

Traffic measurement systems

Our responsiveness, flexibility, and capacity for innovation allow us to offer comprehensive

management services designed to cover cities’ urban electrical equipment needs from design

to operation.

X-city CARDINAL CITY

ELEVATION

STRUCTURE

The plan view of Cardinal City was inspired by the cardinal points of a compass. This idea

was inspired by the integration of the lotus shape flower viewed from the plan view of the

Burj Khalifa.

There are 8 separate platforms according to the 8 cardinal points in a compass. There are 4

major cardinals and 4 minor cardinals all together. Each platform is shaped in the form of an

arrow tip with a quarter circle cut from at the rear end of the arrow tip. These 8 platforms are

suspended around the central stem by magnetism. They are arranged around the stem in a

spiracle manner.

PLAN

HOW DOES THE CITY WORK?

Cardinal City uses the concept and principles of a solenoid to generate its magnetic fields.

SOLENOID:

A solenoid is a coil of wire in a corkscrew shape wrapped around

a piston, often made of iron. As in all electromagnets, a magnetic

field is created when an electric current passes through the wire.

Electromagnets have an advantage over permanent

magnets in that they can be switched on and off by the

application or removal of the electric current, which is what

makes them useful as switches and valves and allows them to be

entirely automated.

Like all magnets, the magnetic field of an activated solenoid has

positive and negative poles that will attract or repel material

sensitive to magnets. In a solenoid, the electromagnetic

field causes the piston to either move backward or forward, which is how motion is created

by a solenoid coil.

WORKING PRINCIPLE:

Cardinal City’s central stem is constructed out of iron core material with necessary building

elements built in such as piping, wiring, and etc. that will be connected to the each individual

platform. Wrapped around the central stem is a large low resistant coil coiled from the

lightning conductor at the tip of the city’s central stem to the end of the stem. When lightning

strikes the lightning conductor, the energy produced by the lightning will be converted into

electric current (I) to be sent down the coil. However when lightning is not present, a large

magnet is oscillated up and down the central stem that will induce current in the coil based on

the physics concept of Lenz Law and Faraday’s Law. Together, the stem and the coil

becomes a solenoid making it possible for the city to produce its own magnetic fields. Having

the ability to alternate its poles and strength of magnetism, Cardinal City floats and

manoeuvres above the Earth’s surface with no difficulties (Diagram 1). The platforms are

constructed out of composite material (mixture of metallic and silicate compounds) with

magnetic based properties. *platforms are mainly suspended by magnetism. Suspended by

magnetism, the 8 cardinal platforms have the ability to rotate around its axis (Diagram 2).

This ability serves as a tool for the agricultural platform to provide maximum sunlight for all

greenery to produce goods at an optimum level according to the demand of the people on the

city.

Diagram 1

Diagram 2

ZONING

Government

buildings Education

areas Industrial areas Forests and Green

areas Business areas Religious and

Cultural areas Residential Agricultural

areas

Commercial

areas Hospitals Community

areas Hospitality and

Tourism areas

Recreational

areas Service areas Port and

Shipping area Police

FEATURES SOURCES OF POWER

Cardinal City is an eco-friendly and green city. Hence, many green features and technology

have been implanted into the city’s building structure. Cardinal City takes advantage of its

natural surroundings to convert it into energy for the use of the city and its people.

SOLAR ENERGY:

Solar power is the most viable power sources to be used in Cardinal City. The reason is

simple, Cardinal City receives more sunlight than there is on the Earth’s surface. Modern

solar panels have been modified to fully absorb sunlight radiation at its maximum capacity

and convert its energy into any type of useable energy for the public to use. Infrastructure and

residential structures will have solar panels integrated into its building. Besides, solar energy

will also be used for everyday energy consumption such as converting solar energy into

electrical energy to recharge your electric car as shown in the picture above and etc.

Solar Panels will bring benefits such as:

Reduce – or even eliminate – your power bills

Avoid future energy price hikes

Help reduce your carbon footprint as it is a clean energy alternative

Eliminate any contribution to global warming, acid rain or smog - solar power

actively contributes to the decrease of harmful greenhouse gas emissions

Solar energy produces no waste and no pollution

Increase the value of your property

Sell electricity back to the grid

Cut your carbon footprint

WIND ENERGY:

Cardinal City is in no short

supply of wind energy as

wind is directed into the city’s

wind turbines. A similar

design from the image on the

left of wind turbines will be

built in at the sides of the

platforms. The motion

generated by the turbines will

then be converted into the

required type of energy used

by the city and its people.

LIGHTNING ENERGY:

Lighting energy is converted into a large electric current

that is used to generate magnetic fields as it passes

through the coil when lightning strikes the lightning

conductor at the tip of the city.

MAGNETIC ENERGY:

(BASED ON LENZ LAW AND FARADAY’S LAW)

An electric

current induced

by a changing

magnetic field

will flow such

that it will create

its own magnetic

field that opposes

the magnetic field

that created

it. These opposing fields occupying the same space at the same time result in a pair of

forces. These forces are felt when you turn a generator and generate electricity. The more

current you generate, the greater the force opposing you. ~The induced current generated by

the magnets is then used to power the coil when lightning is not present and it is also used to

provide power to the city and its people.

MAGNETIC TRANSPORTATION

CONCEPTUAL IDEAS

Cardinal City provides extremely fast and clean transportation systems with promises of zero-

carbon dioxide emissions. This promise is accomplished by the means of MAG-LEV

(magnetic levitation) integrated in the city’s’ transportation layout including the central stem.

In this accident-free, computer-controlled system, vehicles move at speeds of 80 to 100 miles

per hour. All personal, public and service transportations all negotiate the MAG-LEV system.

PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION:

VEHICLES

The discussion gravitated from traveling in

personal cabins, into the direction of a futuristic

car which works on a MAG-LEV system –

something between a capsule and a car.

The result is a car which travels up an apartment

building, for example, to "dock" at a person's

residence. Once there, a door slides open that

doubles as a living room window; at that point, the car’s seats can even provide additional

seating in the living room. While parked, the car performs maintenance checks, auto-repairs,

recharges and self-cleans.

When residents enter their car to depart back onto the system, they are essentially stepping

from the living room into another room of the house. In fact, inside the car, the seats and

furnishings bear more relation to a room environment than a car. Highly-styled, comfortable

seats conform to individual bodies; seating configurations can be changed so passengers can

face forward or each other. The entire environment lends itself to a video screen which allows

the "driver" to perform a multitude of functions…none of which has to do with driving.

PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION:

TRAINS (USED ON CENTRAL STEM ONLY)

Train stations, while critical for sustainable transportation, take up a lot of room in a city with

their long platforms and tracks. Flip it vertically though and place the station, platforms and

tracks in a tower and you've just freed up a ton of space. That's the concept behind

this Hyper-Speed Vertical Train Hub, which could literally flip high speed rail on its head.

The high speed rail runs on magnetic tracks that continue up the side of the tower station.

Inside the train are modular passenger compartments that can swivel and rotate like a Ferris

Wheel, but the compartments remain in position to keep the passengers upright.

~The Hyper Speed Vertical Train Hub is the ideal train for Cardinal City as it can travel

along the city’s central stem. The train floats momentarily to reach the station on the

platforms.

BUSES

The Magnaline 3000 was

fourteen meters long, and

had a maximum speed of

200 kph. The airbus was

propelled by a powerful

rear thruster, though also

operated on

six repulsorlift drives

(magnetic). Within, the

airbus could accommodate thirty-two passengers, with information screens allowing them to

view travel times and routes through “Galactic City”, as well as various forms of

entertainment. The control cabin was located at the rear of the airbus, with the pilot riding

high above the passengers.

PUBLIC/PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION:

BICYCLE (USED ON PLATFORMS ONLY)

A concept bike that literally levitates

to reduce friction. By using the

impetus of the bicycle, power is

generated and magnetism brings the

rear of the bike up until the gear is in

the center of the back wheel,

connected only by the power of the

magnets. As the speed increases,

kinetic energy takes over and the rear

of bike starts to climb upwards,

which decreases wind resistance and

absorbs the impact from stones and

bumps. The gear mechanism on the

back wheel also separates once the bike goes fast enough to lift off the ground. When you

slow down, the bike is just like any other rolling on the streets.

DEFENSIVE SYSTEMS

FORCE FIELDS (DEFENSIVE)

In fictional works, a force field, sometimes known as

an energy shield, force shield, or deflector shield, is a

barrier made up of energy or particles. It protects a

person, area or object from attacks or intrusions. This

technology is created as a field of energy without mass

that acts as a wall, so that objects affected by the

particular force relating to the field are unable to pass

through the field and reach the other side. The city’s force fields is generated by the magnetic

core in its central stem, creating powerful fields of energy. The force field protects the city

from all harm and danger be it nature or foreign enemy.

TURRETS (OFFENSIVE)

Hidden turrets are retracted in the city’s platforms at strategic locations and is kept away

from sight. However, whenever needed to, the turrets will automatically target any hostile

enemies and shoot them down if necessary. The turrets can rotate 360 degrees on its

horizontal axis and 180 degrees on its vertical axis.

MILITARY (OFFENSIVE / DEFENSIVE)

Cardinal City also relies on its own military might to counter any hostile enemies. The

military is more airborne trained and has more jet fighters than foot soldiers as the city floats

in the sky. The military will fight in the air to make sure that the city stays floating and safe.

EMERGENCY SYSTEMS

Within each platform are emergency escape shuttle in an event of the City’s destruction or

collapse. In the 4 major cardinal platforms carry 2 shuttles each, whereas in the other 4 minor

cardinals carry only 1 shuttle each. Citizens access the shuttles from a surface entrance on the

platform that will funnel them into the shuttles. Once boarded, the bottom of the platforms

will fold in and the shuttles will be released.

The shuttles will either carry its passengers to Cardinal City’s sister city in Earth’s orbit or at

a survivable location on Earth’s surface.

EXPLORATION

TERRESTIAL SCAVENGER SPACE EXPLORER

The Terrestrial Scavenger and the Space Explorer are modern aged vehicles designed for

scientific and survival purposes and is docked in Cardinal City’s port. The terrestrial

scavenger has the ability to levitate itself but not beyond Earth’s orbit by the means of

magnetism. Its primary purpose is to scavenge Earth’s surface for minerals and other useful

items and then deliver its findings to the City. There are several Terrestrial Scavenger’s used

by the city to increase efficiency in their findings. The Space Explorer on the other hand,

travels at light speed to discover other planets and solar systems. It also collects samples and

records where ever it has travelled to. There are only a few of these ships docked at the City’s

port.

SCENERY

Scenic view from the edge of any

platform at night. The moon can be

clearly seen over the horizon of

clouds.

Vista: Sitting in a café at the edge of the

city’s platform with a full view of the

cloud horizon and tips of mountains.

Conceptual: Walk way along the

city’s edge. Bringing a very scenic

and warm ambiance to the City.

Within the City are beautifully designed

gardens filled with a diverse choice of

plants.

Conceptual: Promenades,

monuments and squares can also

be found on City grounds.

RESIDENTIAL HOUSING

Conceptual: Residential

housing structures have been

specifically modified to

withstand sudden changes in

climate and other occurring

phenomenon in the sky.

Eco-friendly technology also

have been integrated into

every housing building. E.g.

Solar panels, rain water

filters and etc.

COMMAND TOWER

The command tower is located beneath the lightning conductor at the tip of the City’s central

stem. It is a halo shaped structure with a garden and water features on top of it where it is

open for public viewing. The command tower is protected by extremely thick glass that is

used in space shuttle cockpits and can withstand any shock or impact against it. The

command tower is the brains of the city as it controls the rotation of the city, the speed of the

magnet in the stem, primary communications, computer-controlled transportation system, the

mobility of the city, energy distribution, city systems and its defensive mechanisms.

TOURISM

Cardinal City also provides a unique tourist feature through

a VI (Virtual Intelligence) program console that can be

located at attractive locations and places of history or

interest. The VI is an interactable program that answers

users’ questions promptly and politely.

UTILITIES DISTRIBUTION

WATER AND ELECTRICITY

Above Cardinal City’s command tower is a reservoir for rainwater collection, the rain water

is then filtered through a water filter then through water pipes built in the central stem. 8

pipes flow from the reservoir to each platform through water piping along the platforms

attachment to the central stem. Water is then evenly distributed in a pipe network

underground to any tap on the platform.

Electricity is generated by the induction of current from the magnet and solenoid. Electricity

is also briefly provided by lightning strikes. Electricity is distributed from the coil itself

wrapped with heavy duty insulation connected to each individual platform. Under each

platform, the coil splits into optic fibre wires to be distributed to any electrical required

appliance.

INDUSTRIAL AND DISPOSALS

All industrial buildings are located on the last platform along with the smart disposal

processor. All industrial buildings are built with eco-friendly designs such as a catalytic filter

so that no black carbon smoke emissions will be released, its machine powered by green

energy, and with the smart disposal processor, no release of toxic substances. The smart

disposal processor is modern technology that can separate recyclable and non-recyclable

material. Recycle material is converted back into usable forms of the material while

converting the non-recyclable material into clean energy by processing it through an infinite

amount of filters until it is diminished.

Conclusion Cardinal City is a self-sustaining city that will provide for its inhabitants. The city itself will

always stay true to its function as engineers and specialist are always monitoring the city’s

structure and its systems. Selected individuals are elected to become a democratic

government to always to take care and to fulfil the people’s needs. Cardinal City’s police

force is of the best breed and will always take care of the safety of the people in the city. The

city earns its income through its intricately designed port that is a trading port for all other

cities around the world as it can place itself at strategic locations for trading. *like the country

Singapore as it is located at strategic location for trading… This city also focuses on its

scientific research, academic excellence and business trades. Recreational and entertainment

facilities are also blooming industries that provide limitless entertainment for the people.

Clean, efficient, modern and entertaining are what makes Cardinal City the city that it is…

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