Elements of landscape

Elements of landscape design

What is landscaping? Landscaping refers to

any activity that modifies the visible features of an area of land, including:

1. Living elements flora or fauna.

2. Natural elements such as landforms, terrain shape and elevation, or bodies of water;

3. Human elements such as structures, buildings, fences or other material objects created and/or installed by humans; and

4. Abstract elements such as the weather and lighting conditions.

Elements of landscapeNaturalManmade

NaturalPlants/vegetation WaterEarth forms/landformsTimberStone

ManmadeBrickMetalPlasticGlass

Elements of landscape There are many varieties of plant materials such as:

• Trees • Shrubs • Creepers and climbers Land covers .etc.

USES:

Architectural 1. Enframement 2. Scale induction 3. Creation of plaza 4. Defines pathway 5. Welcoming look and

aesthetic appeal to the building

Environmental

1.Microclimate modifiers2.Conservation belt3.Erosion control 4.Retains ground water5.Retains soil fertility

6.Prevents siltation

Elements of landscape- Plants Plants create

outdoor rooms. Trees, shrubs, and ground covers can be used to emphasize the desirable architectural lines and masses.

Plants can be used to soften and balance harsh and awkward architectural angles, masses and materials.

Elements of landscape design- Plants

By graduating plant sizes away from the house, the apparent size of the structure is increased.

Plants that reach large sizes at maturity are often planted too closely to the house when small. When mature, they dominate and make the house look smaller

Tall evergreen create an uninviting, inhibiting appearance to this entrance.

The human eye has a tendency to follow the outline of the objects in the landscape.With this idea in mind the apparent size in affected.


Creating outdoor rooms

A small side yard developed into an intimate strolling garden.

• The development of outdoor rooms utilizes the same elements as indoor architecture-floors, walls, and ceilings.

• The difference is that the elements of outdoor rooms are composed of plant materials that have a changing and dynamic, living quality.


Outwardly focused space

Inwardly focused space

Inwardly oriented space is characterized by either complete or nearly complete enclosure and a strong central focal point.

Central areas for sitting, sculpture displays, patios, and hot tubs require enclosure for purpose of privacy, quit, and concentration.

Outwardly oriented rooms are enhanced by amenities outside the space such as good views and breezes.

Activities taking place within the front yard are more public in nature and will require free visual access on and off the site and little enclosure.

Planting beds and walks act as a breezeway between driveway and entrance courtyard.

Various plant types, heights, and combinations create walls, partial screens, and overhead canopies

Elements of landscape design- PlantsEnvironmental role• Pollution control• Noise control• Climate control

embankments., deciduous and evergreen plantings and masonry walls are used together for effective sound control.

Use of windbreaks to control winter winds

Use of deciduous plants to direct summer breezes


CASE STUDIES:

Elements of landscape- Plants

Shrubs

Creepers

Climbers

Covered pathways

GROUND COVERS TREES

Elements of landscape- Plants

Elements of landscape -Water Water is also another most important landscape element. Water bodies improve the quality and the worth of the site.it

makes the site attractive. There are many types of water bodies :

1. Fountains 2. Pools 3. Ponds 4. Spouts5. Artificial waterfalls. etc.

Whether a small babbling brook or a tumultuous cascade, water features add sound, movement, and enjoyment into the landscape. They also provide opportunities for incorporating pond and wetland plants into your landscape design. The choice and placement of boulders, stonework, and plantings can link the water feature with your building and property, creating a unified landscape composition

Elements of landscape -Water

Water flows inevitably, from the source to the receiving oceanbasin. This continuity of rivulets , streams and rivers can be readily observed. USES:

1. Excellent land water interface gives an ecological home for the animals and plants.

2. Water runoff reduced.3. Microclimate created.4. Moisture level maintained.5. Wetland, marshes, swampy areas are conserved.6. Maintaining vegetation into wetlands.7. Hydrological cycle maintained.8. Site aesthetics are enhanced

1. Paving2. Retaining wall3. Stacked stone wall4. Sitting 5. Shelters6. Parapets 7. Bridges8. Sculptures9. Planters 10. Bollards

• Stones are hard, impermeable, inorganic elements used extensively in landscape architecture.• Stones are basically used for the following:

Elements of landscape -Stones

Stone, one of the oldest paving materials, offers good, durable, wearing surface with a minimum maintenance required.

Rubble and ashlars masonry are the two forms of stone used for paving.

Rubble masonry is rough stone, as it comes from the quarry, but may be trimmed somewhat where necessary.

Ashlars masonry is hewed or cut stone from the quarry and is used much more often than Rubble for the surfacing of the walls


Retaining Walls--There are many different types of stones that can be used when it comes to creating retaining walls in the lawn. One may elect to

assemble a retaining wall around a small pond, or even a garden.

Flagstone-- Flagstone is a very popular choice when it comes to stones that are used for steps, or simple ornamental design.

Boulders --Homeowners elect to implement the use of

boulders in the decorative design of their landscaping. Great products in the way of boulders include that of Birchwood, Wisconsin, Granite, and even Honeycomb Western stone.


Landscaping with stone brings in a natural element that evokes solidness and a sense security.

Types of Landscape Stones and their uses

Marble--Many individuals elect to use marble when decorating their landscape. Marble can be used to create signs, around or in garden ponds, and even marble fountains can be purchased in order to bring out the natural appeal of a pond or garden area. They are also used in sculptures.

Natural Stone--Natural stone is often a choice

for small landscaping structures. Decorative Stones--Decorative stones are

used in pathways or trails to beautify the

garden. Some of them are Royal George, Walnut nuggets, beachwood pebbles and many more.

Other-- Other than that there are pebbles used for sidewalks, stepping stones used in gardens and stone is also used as stone

lantern in Chinese gardens.


Design

Elements of landscape