E. M. ForsterE. M. Forster

E. M. Forster’s lifeE. M. Forster’s life Birth:Birth: 1879 born in London, son of an architect 1879 born in London, son of an architect Aunt:Aunt: Marianne Thornton, leaving Forster Marianne Thornton, leaving Forster

₤8.000, enough for him to live on and enabled ₤8.000, enough for him to live on and enabled him to become a writer.him to become a writer.

King’s College, Cambridge: 1897-1901King’s College, Cambridge: 1897-1901 Bloomsbury Group:Bloomsbury Group: 1910s-1920s. In the 1910s-1920s. In the

atmosphere of skepticism, he became under the atmosphere of skepticism, he became under the influence of Sir Jamer Frazer, Nathaniel Wedd, influence of Sir Jamer Frazer, Nathaniel Wedd, Goldsworthy Lowes Dickinson, and G.E. Moore, Goldsworthy Lowes Dickinson, and G.E. Moore, and shed his not very deep Christian faith. and shed his not very deep Christian faith.

E. M. Forster’s LifeE. M. Forster’s Life Travel:Travel: Italy and Greece with his mother; Egypt, Italy and Greece with his mother; Egypt,

Germany and India with the Classicist Germany and India with the Classicist Goldworthy Lowes Dickinson in 1914Goldworthy Lowes Dickinson in 1914

Lovers:Lovers: 1. Mohammed el-Adl, 1916-17 in Alexandria, 1. Mohammed el-Adl, 1916-17 in Alexandria,

Egypt; Egypt; “Good-night, my lad, for nought’s eternal; “Good-night, my lad, for nought’s eternal; No league of ours, for sure”No league of ours, for sure”

2. Kanaya, 1920s in India, first ongoing sexual 2. Kanaya, 1920s in India, first ongoing sexual relationship of his liferelationship of his life

E. M. Forster’s LifeE. M. Forster’s Life After the age of 45:After the age of 45: stopping writing novels, stopping writing novels,

producing little more fiction apart from short producing little more fiction apart from short stories only for himself and a small circle of stories only for himself and a small circle of friendsfriends

Successful BBC broadcasterSuccessful BBC broadcaster in the 1930s and in the 1930s and 1940s1940s

Honorary fellowshipHonorary fellowship at King’s College, at King’s College, CambridgeCambridge

Death:Death: died in Coventry at the age of 91 in 1970. died in Coventry at the age of 91 in 1970.

E. M. ForsterE. M. Forster

List of Works by E. M. ForsterList of Works by E. M. Forster Film AdaptationsFilm Adaptations

Key themes in Forster’s novelsKey themes in Forster’s novels 1. The pursuit of 1. The pursuit of personal connectionspersonal connections in in

spite of the restrictions of contemporary spite of the restrictions of contemporary societysociety

2. The irreconcilability of 2. The irreconcilability of class differencesclass differences 3. 3. SexualitySexuality: a general shift from : a general shift from

heterosexual love to heterosexual love to homosexualhomosexual love over love over the course of his writing career. (the the course of his writing career. (the posthumously published novel posthumously published novel MauriceMaurice and and the short-story collection the short-story collection The Life to ComeThe Life to Come

Forster’s Novel: Howards EndForster’s Novel: Howards End Plot summary: SparkNotesPlot summary: SparkNotes Directed by James Ivory, 1992Directed by James Ivory, 1992 Emma Thompson, the best actressEmma Thompson, the best actress

Howards EndHowards End

Maurice Maurice (directed by James Ivory, 1987)(directed by James Ivory, 1987)

A homosexual love storyA homosexual love story Plot Summary: WikipediaPlot Summary: Wikipedia

A Passage to India A Passage to India (1984 (1984 directed by David Leandirected by David Lean))

Plot Summary: novel filmPlot Summary: novel film

A Passage to IndiaA Passage to India Published in 1924, the last completed novel that Published in 1924, the last completed novel that

Forster published during his lifetime.Forster published during his lifetime. Major Characters in the novel:Major Characters in the novel: 1. Dr. Aziz: 1. Dr. Aziz: 2. Cyril Fielding2. Cyril Fielding 3. Adela Quested3. Adela Quested 4. Mrs. Moore4. Mrs. Moore 5. Professor Narayan Godbole5. Professor Narayan Godbole 6. Ronny Heaslop6. Ronny Heaslop

A Passage to India A Passage to India (1984 (1984 directed by David Leandirected by David Lean))

Themes:Themes: 1. the difficulty of friendship between an 1. the difficulty of friendship between an

Englishman (the colonist) and an Indian Englishman (the colonist) and an Indian (the colonized)(the colonized)

2. the racism and oppression of the British 2. the racism and oppression of the British who rule Indiawho rule India

3. the “muddle” of Indian civilization and 3. the “muddle” of Indian civilization and psychology, and the oneness (and psychology, and the oneness (and perhaps sameness) of all lifeperhaps sameness) of all life

A Room with a ViewA Room with a View

Published in 1908Published in 1908, Forster’s most famous , Forster’s most famous and popular novel.and popular novel.

Time background: Time background: the British Empire’s the British Empire’s zenith, the Brits enjoyed the fruits of a zenith, the Brits enjoyed the fruits of a system of exploitation and oppressionsystem of exploitation and oppression

Spatial background:Spatial background: Part I and the last chapter: Florence, ItalyPart I and the last chapter: Florence, Italy Part II: Surrey, EnglandPart II: Surrey, England

A Room with a ViewA Room with a View Cultural and Social background:Cultural and Social background: 1. The remnants of Victorian sensibilities:1. The remnants of Victorian sensibilities: A. refinementA. refinement B. the virtue of young girlsB. the virtue of young girls C. the control of passionsC. the control of passions 2. A time of change:2. A time of change: A. Women began to clamor more loudly than ever for equal A. Women began to clamor more loudly than ever for equal

rightsrights B. Socialists were challenging old ideas about class and B. Socialists were challenging old ideas about class and

religionreligion C. Artists and thinkers began to challenge Victorian C. Artists and thinkers began to challenge Victorian

attitudes about emotion and sexualityattitudes about emotion and sexuality

A Room with a ViewA Room with a View

Major Themes:Major Themes: 1. Propriety and Passion1. Propriety and Passion 2. The beauty of human beings2. The beauty of human beings 3. Travel and the idea of Italy3. Travel and the idea of Italy 4. The beautiful and the delicate4. The beautiful and the delicate 5. Woman’s position and independence5. Woman’s position and independence 6. Connection between nature and man6. Connection between nature and man

A Room with a ViewA Room with a View

Major themes:Major themes: 7. Passion and the body7. Passion and the body 8. The Medieval/the Renaissance/the 8. The Medieval/the Renaissance/the

ClassicalClassical 9. Music9. Music 10. The muddle10. The muddle 11. Class snobbery11. Class snobbery

A Room with a ViewA Room with a View Symbolic meanings of “rooms” and Symbolic meanings of “rooms” and

“views”:“views”: ““rooms”: conservative and uncreative, e.g. rooms”: conservative and uncreative, e.g.

Mrs Honeychurch, Cecil usually pictured in Mrs Honeychurch, Cecil usually pictured in a rooma room

““views”: forward-thinking and modern views”: forward-thinking and modern character types, e.g. Freddy and the character types, e.g. Freddy and the Emersons often described as being Emersons often described as being “outside”“outside”

A Room with a ViewA Room with a View The symbolic differences between Italy and The symbolic differences between Italy and

England:England: Forster idealized Italy as a place of Forster idealized Italy as a place of freedom and sexual expression. Italy promised freedom and sexual expression. Italy promised raw, natural passion that inspired many Britons raw, natural passion that inspired many Britons at the time who wished to escape the at the time who wished to escape the constrictions of English society. While Lucy is in constrictions of English society. While Lucy is in Italy her views of the world change dramatically, Italy her views of the world change dramatically, and scenes such as the murder in the piazza and scenes such as the murder in the piazza open her eyes to a world beyond her “protected open her eyes to a world beyond her “protected life in Windy Corner”.life in Windy Corner”.

The Essay TopicThe Essay Topic

To understand E. M. Forster’s novel To understand E. M. Forster’s novel A A Room with a ViewRoom with a View, it is critical to have a , it is critical to have a sound background knowledge about the sound background knowledge about the Victorian era, especially the Victorian Victorian era, especially the Victorian attitudes about emotion and sexuality, attitudes about emotion and sexuality, women’s position in this time. Write an women’s position in this time. Write an essay about 3-5 pages to explore the essay about 3-5 pages to explore the aforementioned background knowledge.aforementioned background knowledge.

ReferencesReferences Jump up^ "Edward M Forster". Nomination Jump up^ "Edward M Forster". Nomination

Database. Nobel Media. Archived from the original on Database. Nobel Media. Archived from the original on 2014-10-08. Retrieved 2015-04-05.2014-10-08. Retrieved 2015-04-05.

Jump up^ Moffatt, p. 26Jump up^ Moffatt, p. 26 Jump up^ AP Central – English Literature Author: E. M. Jump up^ AP Central – English Literature Author: E. M.

Forster. Apcentral.collegeboard.com (18 January 2012). Forster. Apcentral.collegeboard.com (18 January 2012). Retrieved on 10 June 2012.Retrieved on 10 June 2012.

Jump up^ UK CPI inflation numbers based on data Jump up^ UK CPI inflation numbers based on data available from Gregory Clark (2015), "The Annual RPI available from Gregory Clark (2015), "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)" MeasuringWorth.Series)" MeasuringWorth.

Jump up^ "A Chronology of Forster's life and work". Jump up^ "A Chronology of Forster's life and work". Cambridge.org. 1 December 1953. Retrieved 21 AugustCambridge.org. 1 December 1953. Retrieved 21 August

Done byDone by: : Samira salem al-hewetiSamira salem al-heweti

Afaf mozaem al-balawi Afaf mozaem al-balawi

Maram ahmed hamad al-balawiMaram ahmed hamad al-balawi

Maha ali al taleaMaha ali al talea

Zainab al-balawiZainab al-balawi

Dr : Dr : Aishe maashiAishe maashi