Architectural Conservation

Bibi-Ka-Maqbara

Contents1. About topic

2. About conservation 3. About heritage4. Need of the topic5. Aim6. Objective7. Goals8. Justification9. Evolutional development

of Aurangabad10. Ecological data

11.Planning12. Garden significance 13. Comparison of Taj Mahal & Bibi-ka-maqbara 14.Materials15.Issues16.Treatments17.Classification18.Bibliography

About Bibi-ka-Maqbara Location: Maharashtra , Aurangabad Approach: 5km from Aurangabad bus stand Construction Timeline:1651-1661 Style Of Architecture: Mughal Architecture ( Tomb

Architecture & Mughal Garden (Charbagh) ) Constructed By: Azam Shah Ownership : Archeological survey of India Total construction cost was about 6,68,203-7 annas

Presented ByYamini Jain

About Conservation The Process Through Which The Material, Historical &

Design Integrity Of Humanity's Built Heritage Are Prolonged Through Carefully Planned Interventions are known as architectural conservation.

Conservation process:1.Assesment 2.Treatment Assessment is sensitive study of history and merits Treatment deals with cleaning and repair of both exteriors

and interiors

Heritage & Cultural Heritage

The property or the structure that is or may be inherited is known as Heritage

Heritage may refer to-natural Heritage , Cultural Heritage , Industrial Heritage , Virtual Heritage Etc.

Cultural Heritage : The legacy of physical artifacts & intangible attributes of a group or society that are preserved and conserved for future generations

Cultural Heritage include tangible cultures , intangible cultures & natural culture.

Need of Topic Indian cultures replicate cultural diversities among

which the one is Mughal culture Mughal architecture includes a amalgam of

Islamic , Persian & Indian architecture Bibi-ka-Maqbara is one of the Mughal monument As Bibi-ka-Maqbara replicate cultural heritage of

Mughal architecture .It is our duty to conserve it and document it for future generation

Aim Almost every Mughal emperor has left behind landmarks

in the history of architecture. The Bibi-ka-Maqbara is one of the shining example of the

same tradition which is unique in the history of world architecture.

It is an important and most impressive monument in understanding the architectural developments under the late Mughals showing unique continuity, one of its kinds in the world.

Hence it is necessary to conserve this monument for future generation

Objectives• The objective of conservation is to maintain the

significance of the structure or site.• Significance is constituted in both tangible &

intangible form.• Conservation of structure & site must retain

meaning for the society in which it exist

Goals Retain visual identity Adaptive reuse Restoration Replication Local material & traditional technology Integrated conservation sustainability

Justification The purpose to choose this topic is to study both

tomb architecture & mughal gardens To study & compare the differences between Taj

Mahal & Bibi-ka-maqbara One of the place attracted by the tourist It is necessary to keep a record & document it for

students and future generation as it replicates ancient cultures & it is one among the national importance monument

Evolutional development of

AurangabadEvolution: Ambar Malik-Named As Kharki Fateh Khan -Named As Fatehnagar Aurangzeb -Named As Aurangabad

History Of Monument It is beautiful mausoleum of Dilraz Bano begum

wife of Aurangzeb. Constructed by his son between 1651 & 16611ad. Main entrance & door was designed & erected by

Ar.Ata Ullah & Hanspat Rai. The mausoleum drawn an inspiration from the

world famous Taj Mahal of Agra hence it is known as Taj Of Deccan.

Ecological Data Topography: Architectural Plain Land Geology : Deccan plateau Soil: black cotton soil , Deccan basalt stone Vegetation: shady tree Hydrology: well drainage

Planning Features Mughal Architectural Features:1. Minarets2. Domes3. Mausoleum4. Mughal gardens(char bagh)5. Water channels6. Water screens(chaadar)7. Avenues of trees

Entrance

Meeting Hall

Museum

Masjid

All About MonumentEntrance Southern side is occupied by main entrance,enclosed by

folding door. Entrance is in the hexagonal form ornamented with

minarets The high enclosure wall with bastions at regular intervals

are provided to cut down the monotony

Minarets Each minaret has gallery about midwayWhile another gallery forms the hexagonal base crowned with dome There are staircase passes up the minaret

Mosque: Mosque is found to the west of the structure Mosque was later addition to the structure by Nizams of

Hyderabad The interior contains a row of pillars with corresponding

pilasters

Water channels: Charbagh was divided with paved pathways & water

channels Traditional four irrigation canals at the center had been

employed Water enters the garden by a chaddar Tanks , Fountains ,Wells is the key element of garden Water are lifted up by pumps Perennial water sources are there

MausoleumThe mausoleum is built on a high square platform of polished red porphyritic trapThe flight of steps descends from the platform towards the tombTomb is situated on ground floorEntrance of mausoleum is from first floorMarble domes rises above with four minarets

Interior: This entrance leads into a gallery running round the

interior, which looks down upon the tomb. Windows were carved with marble trellis and floral

patterns A soft and solemn light streams through the apertures of

marble tracery The floor inside is paved with white marble

Door dome charbagh

Minarets water channel ceiling

Garden Significance • Aesthetic significance –The design of tomb and garden were

treated as one; the setting enhanced the beauty of the monument.• Economic significance – Tomb garden contains charbagh

pattern, was the Mughal's major unique garden architecture in this region. Because of this garden majorly contributing the main role in economic activity of this place.

• Educational significance –This garden having its own planning principal to an understand of both natural & cultural history of this place, it having potential of many unique garden information.

• Technological significance – The water management-hydraulic system- providing to the richness charbagh, represent the highly technology on its period.

Taj Mahal Bibi-ka-maqbara1.Taj mahal has 3 entrances

1.bibi-ka-maqbara has 1 entrance

2.Musoleum is at the end 2.Musoleum is at the center

3.Char bagh is infront of the Musoleum

3.Mousoleum is surrounded from all side by char bagh

4.Proportions and ratios are based on golden ratios

4.Proportions and ratios are not based on golden ratios. therfore known as bad replica of Taj Mahal

Comparison

Taj MahalBibi-ka-maqbara

Materials Mausoleum Was In Marbles Mausoleum rest on platform is of Red

Porphyritic Trap The pavements are ornamented with

geometrical patterns Magnificent marble dome rises above Four little chattris with corresponding

minarets are in marble Floriated Decorations Over A Scalloped

Arch And Over The Pillars Doors which are covered with a

running foliage pattern in brass from the exterior

Doors are carved in brass

Conservational IssuesPlaster of main entrance wall & other walls of mausoleum started deteriorating.

Walls are damaged near chaddar,which is used as water inlet.

Jali walls get damaged

Cracks are observed at every part of the structure.

Fountains Got Damaged

Plinths & steps also get damage

Colour of the structure started fading.

Treatments In Structure Buttresses was later constructed

for support of structure. One minaret is restored totally. Chemical treatments are used to

stop the structure from getting damage

It includes:21 materials such as jute, jaggery , mica ,sugar ,lime ,etc.

Classification Declared as national importance monument dated on 28th

november 1951 Classified as A,B,CCategory A: World Heritage Sites and those monuments which have

been included in the Tentative list of World Heritage sitesCategory B Ticketed MonumentCategory C Monument located in densely populated urban areas and

most sensitive from construction activity point of view

Bibliography Google On site photographs Information given by Archeologist P.G.Deshmukh Notes guided by mentor