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Design for ALL 1
Design for AllLecture Four
Vladimir Tomberg, PhD
Permalink to this presentation http://goo.gl/Bt0o2l
Design for ALL 2
Today’s Plan
1st Part, 45 min.– Presenting your Personas and Lo-Fi prototypes– https://goo.gl/DOSRZh
2nd Part, 45 minutes– Universal Design Principles
Prototyping 3
Presenting your Personas and Lo-Fi prototypes45 minutes
Universal Design Principles
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Design for All Inclusive Design Universal DesignEquitable use Equitable Equity
Flexibility in use Flexible Flexibility
Simple and intuitive use Straightforward
Perceptible information Perceptible Perception
Informative Cognition
Preventative
Tolerance for error Tolerant Error-management
Efficiency
Stability/predictability
Low physical effort Effortless
ErgonomicSize and space for approach and use
Accommodating
Consistenthttp://www.edf-feph.org/Page.asp?docid=13390&langue=EN
http://www.sandiwassmer.co.uk/resources/the-ten-principles-of-inclusive-web-design/ Robert F . Erlandson, Universal and Accessible
Design for Products, Services, and Processes
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Principles of UD Illustrated
Source link: udlhcpss.files.wordpress.com
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The hierarchical structure of the universal design principles
Transcending principles• Equity
Process related principles• Flexibility• Error-management• Efficiency• Stability/predictability
Human factors principles• Ergonomic• Perception• Cognition
High
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More general More encompa-ssing
More detailed More narrowly defined More specific
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Equitable Use Principle
• Universally designed entities should be equitable;
• That is, the entities should provide the same means of use for all users: identical whenever possible and equivalent when not possible;
• The products and processes should avoid segregating or stigmatizing any users, making the design appealing to all users
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Equitable Use
Source: livewellcollaborative.org
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Equitable Use Strategies
Design entities that are age and context appropriate
Source: kohhranthianghlim.org Source: americanallergysupply.com
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Equitable Use Strategies
Design entities that are aesthetically pleasing(Examples from OXO design)
Source: fastcodesign.com Source: designapplause.com
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Equitable Use Strategies
Design entities that are competitively priced(Examples: Expensive and relatively cheap Optical Image Stabilization)
Source: amazon.com Source: nextpowerup.com
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Equitable Use Strategies
The products and processes should avoid segregating or stigmatizing any users, making the design appealing to all usersSource: designboom.com
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Stable and Predictable Principle
• Design entities to reduce common cause variation. That is, design entities to be stable and predictable so that users can expect performance that supports the desired activity.
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Stable and Predictable Principle
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Stable and Predictable Principle
This scheme has the highest common cause variability
Erlandson, R. F. (2010). Universal and accessible design for products, services, and processes. CRC Press.
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Stable and Predictable Principle
This scheme has less common cause variability than Level 1, but stillleaves room for potential errors due to judgments about pointer positionErlandson, R. F. (2010). Universal and accessible design for products, services, and processes. CRC Press.
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Stable and Predictable Principle
The vertical orientation of the correct readings increase reliability andreduces common cause variability if speed is important (e.g., dashboard dials in a racing car).
Erlandson, R. F. (2010). Universal and accessible design for products, services, and processes. CRC Press.
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Efficiency (Muda Elimination) Principle
• Muda (無駄 ) is a Japanese word meaning:futility;
uselessness; idleness;
superfluity; waste;
wastage; wastefulness
Source: Gemba Kaizen
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Efficiency (muda elimination)
• Designed entities need to be efficient in that they have reduced as much of the non-value-added activities as possible and/or is reasonable
• Non-value-added activity (NVAA) is any activity that does not directly add to the successful and timely completion of the task or activity
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Efficiency Design Strategies
Reduce or eliminate non-value-added activity (NVAA)
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Efficiency Design Strategies
Make the designed entity as simple and easy to use as possibleImage: crave.cnet.co.uk
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Efficiency Design Strategies
Avoid complexity in that it leads to NVAAImage: 2.bp.blogspot.com
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Efficiency Design Strategies
Use task analysis techniques to identify tasks or activities that can be eliminated or redesigned so as to reduce or eliminate NVAA
Image: infoq.com
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Error-Managed (Proofed) Principle
• Entities must be designed so that they support doing the right thing. It is important to create a design wherein errors can be managed
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Error-Managed (Proofed) Principle
My favorite example
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Error-Managed Design Strategies
• Use a three-staged approach to error-proofing:
1. Prevent errors at the source;2. Provide a warning that an error has or is
about to occur;3. Provide quick and easy recovery if an error
has occurred
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Error-Managed Design Strategies
Prevent errors at the sourceImage source: blog.crazyegg.com
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Error-Managed Design Strategies
Provide a warning that an error has or is about to occur
Image source: designmodo.com
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Error-Managed Design Strategies
Provide quick and easy recovery if an error has occurred
Image source: teamwindows8.com
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Flexibility Principle
• Design products, systems, and environments with enough flexibility so that they can be used and experienced by people of all abilities, to the greatest extent possible, without adaptations
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Flexibility Principle
Image: ergonomicsolutionsaustralia.com.au
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Flexibility Design Strategies
Provide the user with a choice of language (English, French, etc.)
Source: europa.eu
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Flexibility Design Strategies
Provide the user with a choice of mode for communication
Source: redorbit.com
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Flexibility Design Strategies
Provide adjustability and mobilityImage: indiandrives.com
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Flexibility Design Strategies
Mobility example:Wheelchair Accessible BathroomSource: beyondthescreendoor.com
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Flexibility Design Strategies
Provide adjustable response times
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Cognition Principle
• The cognitive demands of designed entities must be within acceptable limits for a wide range of users
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Cognition Principle
Example: Color coding in Wal-Mart
Image: zocalopublicsquare.org Source: google.com
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Cognitively Sound Design Strategies
• Build knowledge into the designed entity or environment strategy:
• Four design elements are generally associated with good cognitive design:
AffordanceMappingConstraints Feedback
• Each of these design elements can support human capabilities and hence support universal and accessible design strategies.
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Cognitively Sound Design Strategies ─ Affordance
Affordance refers to the actual and perceived attributes of a product or process that suggest its uses
Source: raftfurniture.co.uk Source: blackrocktools.com
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Cognitively Sound Design Strategies ─ Mapping
Use mappings to help users form clear conceptual models of the entity’s operations and simplify operations
Source: usabilitypost.com
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Cognitively Sound Design Strategies ─ Constraints
Use constraints so as to control the course of actions and prevent or reduce the possibility of the users doing the wrong thing
Source: globalsources.com Source: eco-drive.co.uk
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Cognitively Sound Design Strategies ─ Feedback
Use feedback to keep the user informed as to the status of the entity’s operations and the entity’s response to user inputs
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Cognitively Sound Design Strategies
Use universally or globally understood icons, symbols, or pictures for communications
Source: tema.ru/travel Source: coachhiremanchester.com
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Cognitively Sound Design Strategies
Reduce the operational complexity of the entity
Source of images: http://enterprise-dashboard.com
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Perception Principle
• Designed entities must effectively communicate necessary information to the user, regardless of ambient conditions or the user’s sensory abilities
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Perceptible Design Strategies
Example: Emergency warning systems are prime examples of systems that must be perceptible by as many people as possible
Source: fox6now.com
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Perceptible Design Strategies
Provide multisensory options for communications between a person and the process or product
Source: gaates.org Source: slashgear.com
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Perceptible Design Strategies
Design signals so as to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio
Source: zyalt.livejournal.com
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Ergonomic Principle
• The physical demands associated with the use of an entity must be within acceptable limits for a wide range of users
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Ergonomic Design Strategies
• Design to avoid ergonomic risk factors; • Design for a wide range of body sizes and
shapes;
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Ergonomic Design Strategies
Design to avoid ergonomic risk factors
Image: Goldsmith , C., UNIVERSAL DESIGN
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Ergonomic Design Strategies
Design for a wide range of body sizes and shapes
Image source: openplay.co.uk
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Ergonomic Design Strategies
Example: Boing 747 economy class interior mockup. Circa 1965
Image source: reddit.com
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Ergonomic Design Strategies
Example: Economy class today
Image source: dialaflight.com
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Home work 4Evaluation of design
• Task 1, for week one (until Nov. 19)– Test a prototype from another design team;– Access the ability level that the prototype
demands in order to use it and draw that on scale;– Assessing persona’s capability levels and draw that
on scale too;– Check the prototype against design strategies and
send a report to the team
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Design Example
User capabilities from inclusive design toolkit
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Assessing Person’s Capability Levels or the Ability Level that a Product Demands in Order to Use it
VisionHearing Thinking
Communication Locomotion
Reach & stretchDexterity
User capabilities from inclusive design toolkit
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Home work 4Evaluation of design
• Task 2, for week two (until Nov. 26)– Improve your design on the base of the feedback
you have received;– Be ready to present results on the next session
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End of the Lecture Four
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