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Design for ALL 1
Design for AllLecture Three
Vladimir Tomberg, PhD
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Design for ALL 2
Today’s Plan
1st Part, 45 min.– Reporting on Design Thinking exercise: present
your ideas and select one for development;– Please upload your reports and maps to Google
Drive folder ‘Homework 2. Design Ideas’ https://goo.gl/9QsP7g
– Please write names of all team members;2nd Part, 45 minutes–Personal Human Characteristics, continuing
Prototyping 3
Presenting Homework, 90 minutes
• Present the results of your interview with the Empathy Maps
• Try to fit your presentation in 7 minutes
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Personal Human Characteristics
(continuing)
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Reach and Stretch
Reach & stretch covers the ability for one or both arms to reach out in front, above the head, or behind the back.
User capabilities from inclusive design toolkit
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Reach and Stretch Functions
A person's range of motion is characterized by the ability to reach out in front, above the head and to the sides
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Environmental Context
The context of use may restrict the ability to move one or both arms
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Environmental Context
The ability to reach may be restricted by heavy clothing
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Distribution of Reach & Stretch Ability (UK)
R1 Cannot hold out either arm in front to shake hands
R2 Cannot put either arm up to head to put a hat onR3 Cannot put either hand behind back to put
jacket on or tuck shirt inR4 Cannot raise either arm above head to reach for
somethingR5 Has difficulty holding either arm in front to
shake hands with someoneR6 Has difficulty putting either arm up to head to
put a hat onR7 Has difficulty putting either hand behind back to
put jacket on or tuck shirt inR8 Has difficulty raising either arm above head to
reach for somethingR9 Cannot hold one arm out in front or up to head
(but can with other arm)R10 Cannot put one arm behind back to put on
jacket or tuck shirt in (but can with other arm). R11 Full reach & stretch ability
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Dexterity
Dexterity covers the ability to grasp and hold objects, and to perform fine finger movements to manipulate small objects
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Dexterity functions• Push force using any part of the hand• Pinch grip using the index finger and thumb
to generate opposing forces• Power grip using the palm and thumb
together with all four fingers
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Pushing
The simplest dexterity function is when the fingers or palm are used to exert forces without grasping
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Pushing
Pushing forces can be generated more comfortably if the surface allows for a neutral wrist position
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Pinch Gripping
Satisfying products can be operated with a loose grip, and both of these controls could be manipulated with alternative grips
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Pinch Gripping
Frustrating products require a tight pinch grip to operate, and the shape and texture on these controls are not well matched to the direction and magnitude of the forces that are required
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Power Gripping
Careful shaping of objects can maximize the effectiveness of a power grip
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Power Gripping
A knob is frustrating to use if the lock is stiff or the hands are sweaty, whereas a handle generates the rotational force more effectively
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Two-Handed Tasks
A cordless kettle reduces the dexterity ability required to use it
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Two-Handed Tasks
Remote controls can usually be operated with one or two hands
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Dexterity Ability Levels (UK)
D1 Cannot pick up and hold a mug of coffeeD2 Cannot turn a tap or control knobs on a cooker with
either handD3 Cannot pick up and carry a pint of milkD4 Cannot pick up a small object such as a safety pin
with either handD5 Has difficulty picking up and pouring from a full
kettle or serving food from a pan using a spoon or ladle
D6 Has difficulty unscrewing the lid of a coffee jar or using a pen and pencil
D7 Cannot pick up and carry a 5 lb bag of potatoes with either hand
D8 Has difficulty wringing out light washing or using a pair of scissors
D9 Can pick up and hold a mug of tea or coffee with one hand but not with the other
D10 Can turn a tap or control knob with one hand but not with the other.
D11 Can pick up a small object such as a safety pin with one hand but not with the other.
D12 Full dexterity ability
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Locomotion
Locomotion, also known as mobility, is the ability to move and walk around in the environment. Activities such as walking, getting in and out of vehicles, moving on and off furniture and maintaining balance are affected by loss of locomotion ability.
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Walking
Positions of the legs during a gait cycle for normal walking
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Walking
Examples of locomotion aids
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Getting around
Climbing stairs is easier if hand rails are provided to assist strength and balance
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Getting around
Getting out of a seat is easier if the upper body can assist
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Dexterity Ability Levels (UK)L1 Cannot walk at allL2 Can only walk a few steps without stopping or severe
discomfortL3 Has fallen 12 or more times in the last yearL4 Always needs to hold on to something to keep balanceL5 Cannot walk up and down a flight of 12 stairsL6 Cannot walk 45 meters without stopping or severe
discomfortL7 Cannot bend down far enough to touch knees and
straighten up againL8 Cannot bend down and pick up something from the
floor and straighten up againL9 Cannot walk 180 meters without stopping or severe
discomfort. Can only walk up and down a flight of 12 stairs if holds on and takes a rest. Has fallen 3 or more times in the last year
L10 Can only walk up and down a flight of twelve stairsL11 Cannot bend down to sweep up something from the
floor and straighten up againL12 Can only walk up and down a flight of stairs if goes
sideways or one step at a timeL13 Cannot walk 400 yards without stopping or severe
discomfort
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Motor Capability
Prevalence of the population with less than full ability in locomotion, reach & stretch, and dexterity, where the overlapping circles indicate the population that has capability losses in one or more categories
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Prevalence of capability loss
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It is normal to be different
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Assessment Levels of Person’s Capability
or the Ability that a Product
Demands in Order to Use it
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Assessing Person’s Capability Levels or the Ability Level that a Product Demands in Order to Use it
VisionHearing Thinking
Communication Locomotion
Reach & stretchDexterity
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Design Example
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DESIGN FOR ALL EXAMPLES
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A Collection Of Mobility Aids Aimed At Helping Us Age Gracefully
Source: http://www.fastcodesign.com
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A Collection Of Mobility Aids Aimed At Helping Us Age Gracefully
Source: http://www.fastcodesign.com
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Talking books
You don’t need to be able to read, see or even hold a talking book and you can do other things while you listen, like driving a car, walking or washing the dishes
Picture New York State Education Department
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The X60 Commuter
All the train’s doors are at the same level as the station platform. There is flex-room for wheelchairs, baby buggies and bicycles in every carriage. The seats are ergonomically shaped
Image: busspojken.com
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Automatic Door Openers
Automatic doors enable everyone to access a building easily, even in a wheel chair, pushing a baby buggy or simply loaded with packages
Image: collectionscanada.gc.ca
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Lockitron, a Smartphone-Controlled Keyless-Entry System
Lock and unlock your front door from anywhere and from any phoneSource: technologytell.com
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Single-Head Mixer Taps
Single-head mixer taps were at first a product developed for the disabled but now have become standard equipment in many modern bathrooms and kitchens. They make it easy to use the tap and to get the water temperature right straight away.Image: tapsuk.com
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The Egg Carton
The fragile eggs can be kept in relative safety. The packaging can be grasped, opened and closed with one hand or with hands that for some reason have difficulties grasping objects. It is also easily identified by people with sight impairmentImage: fslocal.com
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Home work 3
• Design personas for your ideas. Better two or three, than one (see 1st lecture slides 47-58)
• Implement your design idea in the low-level prototype– Use any software/technique you know already:
Axure, Balsamiq, Paper prototypes;– Focus on functionalities, not details (they will
come later);• Deadline – November 12th (next lecture)
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Please, fill the survey!
• http://goo.gl/1Drvlg
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End of the Lecture Three
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