MBS SPA

BUILDING

CONSTRUCTION

GROUP 1

AASHNA ALANKRITA ANCHAL IV YEAR A

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.INTRODUCTION OF THE AIRPORT

2.LOCATION OF THE AIRPORT 3.TERMINAL 1 PLAN AND DETAILS 4.TERMINAL 2 PLAN AND DETAILS 5.FOUNDATION ,BASEMENT ,SUPERSTRUCTURE DETAILS

6.ROOF AND FAÇADE DETAILS 7.INFRASTRUCTURE OF CHANGI AIRPORT 8.RUNWAYS AND TAXIWAYS DETAILS 9.PEOPLE MOVER’S SYSTEM AND SKY TRAIN – MOVEMENT 10.FUTURE EXPANSION

11.STAGES OF CHANGES

1/12

2

2

3

4

5

6

7

9 and 10

11

12

13

INTRODUCTION

• Singapore Changi Airport is a major aviation hub in Asia.

• It is located in Changi, about 20km east-north-east of Singapore centre.

• The airport is operated by the Changi Airport Group (CAG) of the Civil Aviation

Authority of Singapore (CAAS).

• The Singaporean Government made a decision to build Changi in 1975 following

congestion at the other airports in Singapore.

• Changi Airport has three passenger terminals with a total annual handling capacity of

66 million passengers. Terminal 1 opened in 1981, followed by Terminal 2 in 1990 and

Terminal 3 in 2008.

LOCATION • Changi Airport, is the primary civilian airport in the Republic of Singapore, and one of the

largest transportation hubs in Southeast Asia and the greater India region.

• The airport is located approximately 17.2 kilometres (10.7 mi) northeast from the

commercial centre in Changi, on a 13-square-kilometre (5.0 sq mi) site.

• By the 1970s Concerned that the existing airport was located in an area with potential

for urban growth, which would physically hem it in on all sides, the government

subsequently decided in 1975 to build a new airport at the eastern tip of the main island

at Changi, at the existing site of Changi Air Base, where the new airport would be easily

expandable through land reclamation.

PANAROMIC VIEW OF CHANGI AIRPORT-TERMINAL 1

VIEW OF CHANGI AIRPORT SHOWING CONTROL TOWER AND PARKING

PLAN SHOWING TERMINAL 1,2,3

LOCATION OF CHANGI AIRPORT IN SINGAPORE NIGHT VIEW OF CHANGI AIRPORT-CONTROL ROOM PASSENGER AIRLINE WITH COLUMNS 2/12

TERMINAL 1 DETAIL Terminal 1

Singapore Changi Airport's oldest terminal

operated as the sole terminal from its

opening on 1 July 1981 right up until the

opening of Terminal 2 nine years later.

Configured in a H-shaped layout to

maximise the number of aerobridges which

may be built, it underwent two major

upgrading works over its lifespan.Handling

capacity-21 million passengers.

Today, the terminal spans an area of

308,000]m² and can accommodate a

maximum passenger capacity of 21 million

passengers a year.

PLAN OF TERMINAL 1 DETAIL LEVEL PLAN OF TERMINAL 1

LILY PAD GARDEN

Featuring circular roof

shelters with strategically-

placed electric fans, this is

possibly the breeziest

garden in the airport. Each

‘Lily Pad’ structure is

actually a water

catchment, channeling

rainwater for reuse.

FIGURE SHOWING LLILY PAD GARDEN

ROOF TOP SWIMMING POOL

CONSTRUCTION DETAILS

CACTUS GARDEN

The Cactus Garden features more than 100 species of Cactus and arid plants from the deserts and dry

areas of Asia, Africa and America. This roof garden also serves as a smoking area and is a popular place to

sip a drink at the bar while basking in the sun.

FIGURE SHOWING CACTUS

GARDEN

CONSTRUCTION DETAILS

FIGURE SHOWING ROOF TOP SWIMMING POOL

3/12

Terminal 2

Terminal 2 opened on 22 November 1990 as

part of Phase II in the original airport

masterplan.Deploying a linear configuration

parallel to the runways, it is located adjacent to

Terminal 1 towards the south, and heralded the

opening of the original skytrain system linking

the .On 15 July 2013, the Airport unveiled its

latest themed garden that has a display of

colours and interactive technology – a first for

Changi Airport, which has pioneered the

concept of airport gardens since its opening in

1981.Floor area: 358000 sqm.Handling

capacity:23 million passengers

Parking bays : 35 aerobridge and 11 remote

TERMINAL 2 DETAIL

PLAN OF TERMINAL 2 DETAIL PLAN OF TERMINAL 2

FIGURE SHOWING ENTRANCE OF TERMINAL 2

FACILITIES AT TERMINAL 2

ENCHANTED GARDEN

ORCHID GARDEN

SUNFLOWER GARDEN ENTERATINMENT DECK ORCHID GARDEN

SECTION THROUGH ARTFICIAL POND SKETCH OF ENTRANCE CANOPY 4/12

STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF TERMINAL 3

BASEMENT • There are three levels of basement in T3 B1, B2, B3 of

which B2 and B3 are in contact with earth.

• For these floors a reinforced concrete flat slab system was

adopted.

• The slab thickness varies from 600mm to 900mm,

depending upon the depth of the basement and span of

the slab. With 500mm drop panes at the pile locations.

• Basement walls up to B2 – simple cantilever walls

(thickness at base- up to 1m).

• For higher walls up to B3 – counterfort or buttress walls

with thickness up to 1m at base, and 800mm thick

brackets spaced at 6m.

REINFORCED CONCRETE FLAT SLAB SYSTEM

CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL

COUNTERFORT

RETAINING WALL

BUTRRESS

RETAINING WALL

• A portion of t3 sits directly on top of MRT tunnels serving

the airport. The building loads in this area are supported

on a matrix of large transfer beams at B2 level, to transfer

the load on to barettes or bored piles standing between

the tunnels. The transfer beams form part of the

basement floor in this area.

• Waterproofing : waterproofing admixture that crystallises

on contact with water to form an impermeable

waterproofing barrier within the concrete.

VIEW OF T3 BASEMENT

FOUNDATION • T3 sits on good soil conditions.

• The soil profile consists of 6-7m backfill underlaid with Old Alluvium, which consists mainly

of clayey, silty sand whose density increases with depth.

• With such soil conditions and column loads varying from 150 tonnes to 3000 tonnes ,

cast-in-situ bored piles were adopted as the most suitable and effective foundation

system.

• More than 4000 piles of sizes varying from 500mm to 1500mm in diameter were installed.

• Tension piles were introduced between columns where uplift forces due to ground water

pressure were substantial.

CAST-IN-SITU BORED PILES

SUPERSTRUCTURE • Framed structure

• Lateral stability is achieved by diaphragm action of the floors transmitting horizontal loads to the shear walls at various

staircases and lift cores.

• Column grid- 15mx 15m at the main building

12m x 12m at the piers

9m x 8.2m at the car parks

• Columns, floors and walls are cast-in-situ

• Beams- post-tensioned banded beams of width varying from 2m -4m and depth varying from 800mm to 1000mm ,

spanning continuously between columns and supporting precast single T or double T slabs.

• Slabs – composite slab with 75mm concrete topping, and spanning15m between the banded beams.

• Depth – 400mm – 800mm depending on the length of spans and loading.

MODULAR PRECAST DOUBLE T SLAB SYSTEM 5/12

STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF TERMINAL 3 MAIN ROOF/ FEATURE ROOF • frontage of 300m length and 215m depth , spanning from airside to landside.

• The main steel structure- series of steel trusses alternating between depths of 4.1m and 4.5m.

• Each of these trusses is 215m long and was designed as a continuous truss, starting with a 20m

cantilever at the departure kerbside and , traversing the main departure hall with internal spans of

20m, 45, and 60m ending with a 10m cantilever at the airside apron.

• These trusses are supported by 850mm dia. And 12m high RCC columns.

• Main trusses- connected by a series of warren space trusses, 15m in length ( forming a secondary

truss frame).

• Roof slab – 155mm thick lightweight concrete slab with shear studs.

• The structural steel members are built up steel sections, except for diagonal Macalloy tension rods.

MAIN ROOF TRUSS AT T3

MACALLOY TENSION RODS

ROOF DETAILS • A flat but intriguing roof consisting of many skylights

allowing natural light into the terminal building.

• The roof limits the amount of direct sunlight into the

building through the use of louvers suspended above

and below the skylights, filling Terminal 3 with diffused,

ambient light during the day.

• Butterfly shaped reflectors :are computer controlled

to allow optimum amount of diffused sunlight to

stream down through 919 skylights so as to make us of

natural light instead of using electrical lights.

Soft natural lighting lower the temperature and save

energy consumption of the terminal

Columns are treated with timber clad to enhance the tropical ambiance.

NATURAL LIGHT THROUGH LOVERS

DETAIL OF BUTTERFLY LOUVERS SKETCH OF BUTTERFLY LOUVERS

3D OF THE ROOF DEATILING

WARREN SPACE TRUSSES VERTICAL SECTION

6/12

Concept of the Facade • Glass structure demonstrate the concept of openness and transparency.

FACADE • The frontispiece of T3 is the departure hall has a cable net façade.

• it consists of a simple orthogonal grid of cables tensioned vertically

between the roof and the ground slabs as well as laterally between the

roof support columns with glass panels clipped to custom designed cast

cable clamps.

• The cable net is a high deflection system, that depends on this deflection

to develop resistance against an applied wind force. The net will deflect up

to 30cm in maximum conditions. Such extreme values were simulated at full

scale on a prototype 15m wide x 18m high of a typical bay of the façade .

CABLE NET DETAILS

GREENWALL • Concept : city in a garden

• the green facade is 4,144 m2 and consists of more than 10,000 plants

and 25 species of climbers.

• The plants are grown on stainless steel cables and each cable is

removable in case there is a need to replace plants individually.

• "The green tapestry is 14 meters high and 300 meters long.

• "Strategically located in the mid-belly of the terminal, the wall

separates two main functions, providing a clear demarcation of an

international border; the green tapestry gives it a form that is friendly,

organic, and alive.

• The length is separated only by four water features.

• The Greenwall also helps to regulate the internal temperature of the

terminal with the occasional misting.

THE GREENWALL AT T3 WITH ROOF AND LIGHTING SECTION THROUGH GREENWALL

COSTRCUTION DETAILS

TAPESTRY STRUCTURE • The planting system is a double-layer cable support system sandwiching

fiberglass planting troughs.

• Stainless steel beams cantilevered from the wall support horizontal I-beam

modules with 2 feet wide fiberglass troughs, five segments high.

WATER FEATURES • Four water features 60 feet tall and 20 feet wide made from

shredded glass panels laminated to stainless steel plates, were

added to compliment the wall of green.

• Their shimmering water movement provides texture to create

a rhythm of moving light and sparkle against the elegant

silence of the green tapestry.

WATERFALL DETAILS

7/12

VIEW OF SPIDER CLAMPS

VIEW OF GREEN WALL WITH COVE LIGHTING

INFRASTRUCTURE AND CONSTRUCTION OF CHANGI AIRPORT

CHANGI AIRPORT CONTROL TOWER

• The Air traffic control tower (ATC) was constructed as part of Phase One of the Changi Airport

redevelopment plan. The iconic tower is situated between Changi International Airport 2 runways and

stands at about 81 m Above Mean Sea Level (AMSL). It provides aerodrome control service to aircraft

landing and departing Changi Airport and aircraft maneuvering within the airport.

RUNWAYS

• Changi Airport has two parallel runways, 02L/20R and 02C/20C, each 4,000 by 60 m (13,123 by 197 ft).

AIRPORT HOTEL

The Crowne Plaza Hotel is linked to Changi Airport's Terminal 3 via a covered link bridge, with Terminals 1 and 2

reachable by Skytrain which located within the immediate vicinity of Changi Airport. lt is 9-storey high and has

320 guest rooms.

PASSENGER TERMINALS

• Changi Airport currently has three terminals, T1, T2, and T3, with a total annual handling capacity of

66 million. Airfield Infrastructure

• Changi’s runways, taxiways and airfield objects are designed with adequate safety separation to meet

A380 requirements.

• Runway Length and Width -Changi’s 4km long by 60m wide runways exceed A380 take-off and landing

requirements.

CHANGI AIRPORT CONTROL TOWER

THE CROWNE PLAZA HOTEL

• Runway Shoulders -Completed widening of runway

shoulders to provide additional paved area in case of

aircraft veering off the runway and to protect aircraft

engines against ingestion of foreign objects during

take-off.

SECTION OF CHANGI AIRPORT TERMINAL 3

SECTION THROUGH RUNWAY

8/12 CARRIAGEWAY WITH DIFFERENT AEROPLANES

Taxiway Pavement

• Changi’s 30m wide taxiways exceed A380 requirements.

• Taxiway pavement at turning junctions are being widened to

provide additional safety distance between A380 outer wheels and

taxiway edge.

• Existing paved and turfed taxiway shoulders support A380

operations.

Aerobridges

• 3 aerobridge arms for more efficient access.

• 1st airport in the world to use 3rd aerobridge arm for Direct Upper Deck Access.

Aircraft maintenance

Six aircraft hangars, capable of full aircraft maintenance, repair and overhaul is

operated and managed by SIA Engineering Company at Changi Airfreight Centre and

a single hangar by SASCO/ST Aerospace.

It includes a 20,000 m2 (215,300 sq ft) column-free hangar at SIA Engineering Company,

Hangar 1, which was the world's largest when opened in 1981.

9/12

3D VIEW OF CARRIAGEWAY 3D VIEW OF TERMINAL 3 SHOWING

ROADS OF ACCESS TO THE AIRPORT

PICTURE SHOWING STAGES OF CONSTRUCTION OF RUNWAYS AND

TAXIWAYS PICTURE SHOWING AEROBRIDGE

DETAIL OF AEROPLANE PARTS

DETAIL OF TAXIWAY PAVEMENT WIDENED AT JUNCTIONS

PICTURE SHOWING THREE AEROBRIDGE:FOR VIPs AND NORMAL

CITIZENS

TECHNOLOGY IN CHANGI AIRPORT

• Service Workforce Instant Feedback Transformation (SWIFT) System

• Advanced Air Traffic Management System

• Improvement on safety and security system

• Access control and surveillance system

• IT Service for passengers

• Ground operation

• Sky train

• City connection

• Baggage Storage System (late 2007)

• Baggage claim belts lengthened to provide longer frontage for presentation Of larger number of bags.

GENERAL ATTRIBUTES OF THE PEOPLE MOVER SYSTEM (PMS) •Purpose of the PMS is to provide a high level of transportation service for airline

passengers, airport employees, and other persons needing to move about

airport.

•The system is fully automated

•Driverless vehicles will operate on an exclusive, elevated guideway, stopping at

designated stations.

•Electrically powered, self-propelled, computer controlled, vehicles configured in

trains will shuttle between stations

THE CHANGI AIRPORT SKYTRAIN ENTRANCE TO CHANGI AIRPORT MRT STATION

FIGURE SHOWING PEOPLE MOVER SYSTEM WHICH STARTED IN LATE 2007 10/12

INTERIOR OF CHANGI AIRPORT

SHOWING GREENWALL COLUMNS

ROOF AND FLOORING

FIGURE SHOWING MOVEMENT OF SKY

TRAIN INSIDE AIRPORT CONNECTING ALL

THE TERMINALS

FIGURE SHOWING

MOVEMENT OF SKY

TRAIN AND

PEDESTRIAN

MOVEMENT

FUTURE EXPANSION

Terminal 4 • Changi Airport Terminal 4 is slated for completion by 2017.

• This terminal will replace the previous Budget Terminal. Cathay

Pacific will be the first airline to operate from the terminal, followed

by Korean Air, Vietnam Airlines, and the AirAsia Group

(AirAsia, Indonesia AirAsia and Thai AirAsia).

Terminal 5 • A fifth terminal, Terminal 5,was ready by Transport Minister, Lui Tuck

Yew on 7 May 2013.

• Terminal 5 is built on 1,080 hectares of reclaimed land in Changi

East, making it one of the largest terminals in the world.

• The terminal could handle a capacity of 50 million passengers

annually. With the addition of the fifth terminal,

• Changi Airport is be able to cater to more than 135 million

passengers every year. With the national carrier at Terminal 5, each

alliance of airlines such as Sky Team and One world could also

operate out of dedicated terminals.

• Terminal 5 has more self-service facilities and bigger lounges.

• Terminal 5 will be linked to the other terminals at Changi Airport.

This will allow the expanded Changi Airport to be operated as a

single, integrated airport for ease of transfer between different

terminals, maximum passenger convenience and airfield

operational efficiency.

TERMINAL 5

FIGURE SHOWING MODEL OF TERMINAL 4 WHICH

IS PROPOSED,CARRIAGEWAYAND RUNWAYS.

This model was displayed during exhibition.

Changi airport has been awarded with many

awards including that for best landscaping

techniques

11/12

FIGURE SHOWING ENTRANCE OF TERMINAL 4.

PROPOSED VIEW

Changes Stage 2: 21/10/2015

1.Font size -12 heading- 14

2.Mark all pictures with arrows and headings

3.Vertical and horizontal sections and sketches

4.Truss details

5.Roof details

6.Façade details

7.Foundation,basement and superstructure details

Changes Stage 1 : 7/10/2015

1.Font size -14 heading-16

2.Less font

3.More pictures

4.Detail of runway,carriageway,taxiway

5.Add more information

Changes Stage 3: 28/10/2015

1.Mark all pictures

2.Sheet numbers

3.Photographs of all group members

DONE

12/12

REFERENCES 1. MEDIA RELEASE 2012 CHANGI IMPROVEMENTS 2. ANNUAL REPORT CHANGI AIRPORT 3. CASE STUDY BY TRIDIUM OF CHANGI AIRPORT 4. CRISPLANT PDF OF CHANGI AIRPORT 5. HAD FAÇADE WORKING OF CHANGI AIRPORT 6. GO DIGITAL AT CHANGI AIRPORT 7. PRESSEM DULNGUM-CHANGI AIRPORT

8. YUN PRESENTATION OF CHANGI AIRPORT 9. www.changiairport.com 10. www.spiderclampsmuhgy.org 11.www.interiorglass.org 12.www.flooringchangi.org