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Based on scientific literature basic requirements for aircraft seats are shown in a way that it can be measured at the seat. Gudelines for seat pan, back rest and leg room are given.
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Aircraft seat comfort requirementsbased on scientific literature
prof dr Peter Vink
The passenger experiences comfort
therefore, use as well:
• tests with passengers in various design stages
• human models
• guidelines developed by e.g. Boeing and Airbus
this presentation: some measurable literature based data
prof dr Peter Vink
This presentation
3. back-rest
2. seatpan
1. legroom
1. Legroom: priority nr one
minimal 665 mm = 26.2”(p95 world population, ww.dined.nl)for p95 male Dutch it’s: 705 mm = 27.8”
=the biggest problem according to 10,032 passengers (Vink et al., 2012)
1. Legroom
+ enough shin clearance and footspacesee also Boeing guidelines (Vink & Brauer, 2011)
1. Legroom
166 mm = 6.5”
distance between tray table and top of seat pan(p95 Dutch population 31-60 years, ww.dined.nl)
2. Seatpan
Seat pan front upwards, angle dependent on backrest angle: avoid shear forces (Goossens & Snijders, 1995)
Pressure distribution according to Zenk et al.(2012): Load in % of body mass
2. Seatpan
Width between armrests:
hip width p95 Dutch male:• 1982: 408 mm = 16.1”• 2004: 440 mm = 17.3”• 2026: ?472mm?
Source: www.dined.nl
440mm
100-130o3. Backrest
Recline angle according to some studies:________________________________________________130o Rosmalen et al., 2009 lounge seat experiment117o Park et al., 2000 observing Korean drivers120o Hosea et al., 1986 EMG of back muscles109o Knijnenburg, 2007 truck comfort experiment114o Gscheidle, 2004 prefered office seat
positions100o Harrison, 2000 literature review________________________________________________
3. Backrest: lumbar support
max 30 mm = 1.18” (Carcone & Keir, 2007)
South-African middle of lumbar support 120-280 mm above seat pan avg 192 mm = 7.56” (Korte, 2013)
3. Backrest: headrest
shoulder height sitting Dutch 2004 20-60 years: p95: 664 mm = 26.1”
Foam: p5: 523 mm = 20.6”at neck level (www.dined.nl)stiffnes <1kPa (soft)At head level stiffnes +/- 5.6 kPa(Franz et al., 2012)
More factors influence comfort, like
Preflight/postflight and service
In the seat itself: seat pan lengthform of seat pan free shoulder spacein- and egresssupport for device usefoam/net, texture/coloretc
Conclusion
Tests with passengers inevitible in increasing comfortalso, because many factors influence comfortFirst priority: leg roomHip width will increase
more info: [email protected] +
References-Carcone SM, Keir PJ. Effects of backrest design on biomechanics and comfort during seated work .Applied Ergonomics 2007;38: 755-764-Franz M, Durt A, Zenk R, Desmet PMA. Comfort effects of a new car headrest with neck support .Applied Ergonomics 2012;43(2):336-343-Goossens RHM, Snijders CJ. Design criteria for the reduction of shear forces in beds and seats. Journal of Biomechanics 1995; 28: 225-230-Gscheidle GM, Reed MP, Sitter-selected postures in an office chair with minimal task constraints. In: proceedings of the HFES 48th annual meeting 2004: 1086-1090, cd-rom 2004-Harrison DD, Harrison SO, Croft AC, Harrison DE, Troyanovich SJ, Sitting Biomechanics, Part II: Optimal Car Driver's Seat and Optimal Driver's Spinal Model. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 2000; 23: 37-47, -Hosea TM, Simon SR, Delatizky J, Wong MA, Hsieh CC. Myoelectric analysis of the paraspinal musculature in relation to automobile driving. Spine 1986; 11:928-36-Knijnenburg, R, Future passengers side truck seats for DAF. Confidential, TU-delft, Delft, 2007-Korte J. South African anthropometric dimensions for the design of an ergonomic office chair, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 2013-Park SJ, Kim Ch, Kim CJ, Lee JW. Comfortable driving postures for Koreans. In J of Industrial Ergonomics 2000; 26: 489-497-Rosmalen D van, Groenesteijn L, Boess S, Vink P. Using both qualitative and quantitative types of research to design a comfortable television chair. J. of Design Research 2009; 8: 87–100-Vink P, Bazley C, Kamp I, Blok M. Possibilities to improve the aircraft interior comfort experience. Applied Ergonomics 2012;43:354-359-Vink P, Brauer K, Aircraft interior comfort and design, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2011-Zenk R, Franz M, Bubb H, Vink P. Technical note: Spine loading in automotive seating. Applied Ergonomics 2012;43:290-295
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