PULSES

Presented by:Anand S. Thokal

Rakesh B. R.

Flow of Presentation:

• Introduction

• India and world scenario

• Trends in supply and consumption

• Trends in organization of food systems

• References

• Agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy contributing 13.7% of its total

GDP and employing around 55% of the total working population in India.

• Around 65% of India’s total population is dependent upon agriculture and allied

sectors

• Various cereals (wheat, rice etc.), pulses such as (tur, gram etc.) and oilseeds

(groundnut, soybean) are produced largely in India

• India is the world’s largest producer and consumer of pulses accounting about

27 percent of the total production and about 30 percent of the total consumption

in the world

• The total production of pulses in India during the year 2013-14 was 18.5 million

tons

Introduction

Source:- DES

2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-140

20

40

60

80

100

7079 79 78 79

6470 68 70 71

World total area and production of pulses

Area(mha) Production(mt)

World and Indian Scenario:

• There has been approximately 20% increase in area under cultivation of pulses and, 40% increase in its production in the world since 2000-01

2001

'02

'03

'04

'05

'06

'07

'08

'09

'10

'11

'12

'13

750

800

850

900

950

840811 823

848 855828 815

851

918

881859

908 910

World average yield(kg/ha) of pulses

Yield(kg/ha)

Yie

ld(k

g/h

a)

Source:- www.ipga.co.in

India Burma Canada China Australia0

5

10

15

20 18.5

6.02 4.96 4.34 3.89

Production(million tons) of pulses for major countries (2013-14)

Production

Pro

du

ctio

n(m

t)

• The world total production of pulses is around 72 mt in the year 2013-14.

• India is the highest producer of pulses in the world with its best 18.5 mt pulses

India Canada Australia USA Myanmar0

400

800

1200

1600

2000

730

1900

1100

1900

980

Yield(in kg/ha) of pulses for major countries (2013-14)

Yield

Yie

ld(k

g/h

a)

• Canada is having the highest productivity in the world.

• India has an average productivity of 730kg/ha in the year 2013-14

• The world average yield was 910 kg/ha

Source: www.factfish.com

Canad

a

China

Austral

ia

Mya

nmar

USA

Indi

a0

1000000

2000000

3000000

0

400

800

1200

1600

20001722

854 808 795 719513

Export and export value for pulses in var-ious countries (2012-13)

Export(MMT) Value(million USD)

Exp

ort

qu

an

tity(

mt)

Va

lue

(m

illio

n U

SD

)

Source: agriexchange.apeda.gov.in

Canada is the largest exporter of pulses whereas India ranks 6th with an export of 0.162 MMT and an export value of 513 million USD

• India accounts for about 35% of the world area and 27% of the world

production of pulses.

• Pulses are grown in India in an area of 26-27 million hectares with an

annual production of 17-19 million tons (mt) of which 87% is rain fed

• About 90% of the global pigeon pea, 65% of chickpea and 37% of lentil area

falls in India, corresponding to 93%, 68% and 32% of the global production,

respectively.

Trends in supply and consumption:

Source:- FAOSTAT

2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-1402468

101214161820

6.44.69 4.2

7.126.06 6.19 7

8.369.88 10.46 11.12 11.03 11.26 11.5

14.76 14.57 14.66

18.2417.09 17.45

18.5

Pulses production in India

Kharif Rabi Total

Pro

du

ctio

n(m

t)

Source: DES-Directorate of Economics and Statistics

The production of pulses in India increased by 3.35% per annum during the last decade

In the year 2013-14, India produced 19.5mt pulses, that being its best performance till this year

The production of pulses in India in MY 2014-15 in

estimated to 18mt, slightly less than 2013-14

2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-140

100200300400500600700800

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

Yield and area under production of pulses in India

Yield(kg/ha) Area(mha)

Yie

ld (

kg/h

a)

Are

a (

mh

a)

• The average yield in India has increased by 100 kg/ha (around 15%) since 2009-10, yet it is below world average of 910 kg/ha.

• The area under production has increased from 23mha in 2009 to 27mha in 2013

2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-140

5

10

15

20

25

14.7

18.217.1 17.45

18.5

3.4 2.5 3.3 3.5 3

18.120.7 20.4 20.95 21.5

Production, import and supply of pulses in India

Production Import Total Supply

mill

ion

ton

s

• The ever increasing demand of pulses in India has yet not been satisfied by its production

• The current supply of pulses is 22.5mt

Source:- www.indiastat.com

Major pulses in India and their production

• Production of gram is highest among pulses i.e. 8.8mt in India which is followed by tur 3.2mt

• India exports a large amount of gram/chickpea to countries like Pakistan, Turkey etc

Source:- DOC

2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-140

0.51

1.52

2.53

3.54

1.6 1.5

2.03

1.37 1.33

3.29

2.53

3.23

3.73.38

Import of pulses in India

Peas Chickpea Moong/UradLentil Pegionpea Total

Qty

in m

t

• It can be observed that peas are imported in more quantity as compared to other pulses

• It shows the demand of peas by Indian population

2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-140

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Export of pulses from India

Chickpea Total

Qty

in ‘0

00

’ MT

• India exports only chickpea. Other pulses’ export has been banned under The Essential Commodities Act, 1955

Source:- DOC, DEC

Source:- DOC

• Currently, export of pulses is prohibited except Chickpea (Kabuli Chana) and organic

pulses including lentils upto 10,000 MT per annum.

• India is also the largest pulses processor, as pulses exporting nations such as

Myanmar, Canada and Australia, do not have adequate pulses processing facility.

• Pakistan, Turkey, Algeria and Sri-Lanka are the major pulses exporting destinations for IndiaPak

istan

Turke

y

Alger

ia

Sri Lan

kaUAE

Spain

Saudi

Ara

bia

Eqypt

Libya

Tunizi

a0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

Major export destinations of pulses for India

Export Quantity(MMT)

Qua

ntity

in M

MT

• Canada, Myanmar, Australia, USSR are some major sources for import of

pulses in India

• Some of the imported pulses are processed and re-exported to countries

like Myanmar, Australia etc.

Canad

a

Mya

nmar

Austr

alia

Russia

USA

Tanza

nia

China

Kenya

Franc

eUK

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

Major import sources of pulses for India

Import (Qty in MMT)

Qu

an

tity

in M

MT

Source:- www.ipga.co.in

Import of pulses in India is free.

State wise statistics of pulses in India

24%

15%

13%10%

38%

Major states producing pulses(Kharif)

Maharashtra

Rajasthan

UP

MP

Others

33%

19%

11%

9%

28%

Major states producing pulses(Rabi)

MP

UP

AP

Maha-rashtra

Others

• Maharashtra has the largest production in karif season followed by Rajasthan and UP

• MP has the largest production during rabi season followed by UP and AP

Source:- DEC

MP RJ MH UP AP0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400Area(mha)

Production(mt)

Yield(kg/ha)

Are

a (m

ha)

and

prod

uctio

n (m

t)

Yie

ld(k

g/h

a)

Area, production and yield of gram in major states of India• MP has the highest

area under cultivation (3.1mha) and largest production (3.3mt)

• However, the highest productivity in India is in Gujarat, with 1138kg/ha, followed by Bihar having 1134kg/ha

MH KN MP UP GJ0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Area(mha)

Production(mt)

Yield(kg/ha)

Are

a (m

ha)

and

prod

uctio

n (m

t)

Yie

ld(k

g/h

a)

• Maharashtra is the largest producer of tur (0.9mt) having largest area under cultivation (1.21mha)

• Birhar has the highest productivity of tur with 1897kg/ha

Area, Production and yield of tur in major states of India

Source:- oar.icrisat.org

Trends in organization of food systems:

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12

2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

Tur 2300 3000 3200 3850 4300 4350

Moong

2760 3170 3500 4400 4500 4600

Urad

2520 2900 3300 4300 4300 4350

Gram

1730 1760 2100 2800 3000 3100

Lentil

1870 1870 2250 2800 2900 2950

250

1250

2250

3250

4250

MSP of pulses in India during 2009-2014

Tur Moong Urad Gram Lentil

(IN

R)

• The MSP can be observed to be gradually increasing every year.

• Farmers are very well encouraged by such MSP for more and more production of pulses

Source:- www.indiastat.com

Supply chain for pulses in India

Source:-agropedia.iitk.ac.in

Schemes for pulses in India

National Pulses Development Project (1970)

• Centrally sponsored project implemented in 26 states/UTs with 75:25 funding between GOI and states during 6th five year plan respectively

• Emphasis on increasing the area covered as well as the yield per unit area

• Some major components of project were:1. Production and distribution of certified seed2. Distribution of Seed Minikits3. Organization of Frontline Demonstration by ICAR4. Organization of I.P.M. Demonstrations including the use of Pheromone Traps5. Distribution of Improved Farm implements6. Distribution of Sprinkler sets7. Distribution of Rhizobium Cultures/PSB

Special Food Grain Production Program (1988)• 100% central assistance basis• To support the NPDP objectives

Source:- agricoop.nic.in

Schemes cont..

Technology Mission on Oilseeds and Pulses, 1991

• For increasing the production of pulses to attain self-sufficiency

• Oilseed Production Program(OPP),

NPDP, Post Harvest Technology(PHT), Oil Palm Development Program(OPDP), Accelerated Maize Development Program(AMDP) and National Oilseeds and Vegetable Oils Development Board(NOVODB) came under this project

• Implementation of National Pulses Development Project has helped in increasing the production of pulses from 12.86 million tons in 1989-90 to 15.23 million tons during 2003-04 with a marginal decline 1999-2000 to 2002-03 due to drought

Integrated Scheme on Oilseeds, Pulses, Oil palm and Maize, 2004

• The four erstwhile schemes of OPP, OPDP, NPDP and AMDP had been merged into one Centrally Sponsored Integrated Scheme of Oilseeds, Pulses, Oil palm and Maize (ISOPOM) being implemented from 1.4.2004

.• Salient features:1. Flexibility to the states to utilize funds and

introducing innovative measures2. Annual action plan by state govt.3. Involvement of private sector by state

govt. with a financial cap of 15%

• The pulses production in the country increased from 12.8 mt in 1989-90 to 19.5 mt in 2013-14

Source:- dpd.dacnet.nic.in

National Food Security Mission (2007)• Implemented in 17 states(476 districts)

of the country

• To increase production and yield of wheat, rice and pulses by 8mt, 10mt and 2mt resp. by the end of 11th five year plan

• Targeted 4mt increase in production of pulses in 12th five year plan

• Ensure food security of the country

• Area expansion and increase productivity and, enhance the farm profits to restore the confidence of farmers

• Total financial implications are Rs. 48,000cr during 11th five year plan

Accelerated Pulses Production Program (2010)

• Launched under NFSM to increase yield of pulses

• Bridge the yield gap of pulses

• Increasing production and productivity of gram, urad (black gram), arhar (redgram/pigeon pea), moong (green gram ) and masoor (lentils)

Schemes cont..

Source:- dpd.dacnet.nic.in

REFERENCES

• www.ipga.• www.indiastat.nic.in• dpd.dacnet.nic.in• oar.icrisat.org• agricoop.nic.in• agropedia.iitk.ac.in• agriexchange.apeda.gov.in

THANK YOU

Policy measures on pulses in India

Imports:

Commodity Tariff Schedule

Bound Duty Statutory Duty Applied Duty

Peas 50% 50% Nil

Chickpeas 100% 30% Nil

Moong/Urad 100% 30% Nil

Lentil 100% 30% Nil

Tur 100% 30% Nil

Source:- DOC