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LIVING IN SOUNDMASSIMILIANO VIEL CR12, LISBOA 2011
CAGELIFE AND SOUND
AUTOPOIESISPROBLEMS
THE PROJECTEXAMPLES
!
01/18
“[I have] heard two sounds, one high and one low. !!When I described them to the engineer in charge, he informed me that the high one was my nervous system in operation, the low one my blood in circulation. !!Until I die there will be sounds.” !!(J.Cage 1961)
SCHRÖDINGERLIFE AND SOUND
AUTOPOIESISPROBLEMS
THE PROJECTEXAMPLES
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02/18
!!( . . . ) the device by which an organism maintains itself stationary at a fairly high level of orderliness (=fairly low level of entropy) really consists in continually sucking orderliness from its environment.”!!(E.Schrödinger 1944)
LIFE AND SOUNDLIFE AND SOUND
AUTOPOIESISPROBLEMS THE
PROJECTEXAMPLES
!
03/18regularity!
!
low entropy!!
life!!
sound!!
irregularity!!
high entropy!!
death!!
noise!!
vs.
SONOCYTOLOGYLIFE AND SOUND
AUTOPOIESISPROBLEMS
THE PROJECTEXAMPLES
!
04/18There is no life without sound.
The AFM (Atomic Force Microscope) can be used to detect micro-movements of cell membranes.!
from www.darksideofcell.info
James Gimzewski and Victoria Vesna
BEHIND THE PROJECTLIFE AND SOUND
AUTOPOIESISPROBLEMS
THE PROJECTEXAMPLES
!
05/18why simulating life with sound?!some motivating issues:
transcendency !of the substrate
bird’s singing1immateriality of sound
2
3
AUTOPOIESISLIFE AND SOUND
AUTOPOIESIS PROBLEMS THE
PROJECTEXAMPLES
!
06/18An autopoietic machine is a machine (defined as unity) as a network of processes of production (transformation and destruction) of components that produces the components which: !!(i) through their interactions and transformations continuously regenerate and realize the network of processes (relations) that produced them; and
(ii) constitute it (the machine) as a concrete unity in the space in which they (the components) exist by specifying the topological domain of its realization as such a network” !!(Maturana and Varela, 1980)
SIX CRITERIALIFE AND SOUND
AUTOPOIESIS PROBLEMS THE
PROJECTEXAMPLES
!
07/18(1) There must be a (semi-permeable) boundary, that identifies the system from the point of view of the observer; (2) there must be identifiable components, as the parts that realize the system; (3) everything in the system must be described as a mechanism; (4) there must be a metric in order to realize interactions between components ruled by neighborhood, that create the boundary: (5) there are components that realize the boundary by means of the interactions between components or between components and elements that cross the boundary; (6) also components that are not directly involved in the realization of the boundary must be realized as in point 5 or must be present as a necessary component in the realization of other components.
PROBLEMSLIFE AND SOUND
AUTOPOIESISPROBLEMS
THE PROJECTEXAMPLES
!
08/18living being: focus on perception
OUT-TIME!THE GESTALT
IN-TIME!BEHAVIOUR
1
THE AUDITORY OBJECT
SEGREGATION!and!
SEGMENTATION
membrane and sound: the substrate
PERMEABILITY
2
PARAMETRIZATIONdistance: topology
PHYSICS !vs. !
PSYCHOACOUSTICS
3
COMPONENTSLIFE AND SOUND
AUTOPOIESISPROBLEMS
PROJECTEXAMPLES
!
09/18
MEMBRANE !THRESHOLDS
“CRICKET” !COMPONENT
“CRICKET”!POTENTIAL !
COMPONENT
EXTERNAL!COMPONENTS
THE FLOW CHARTLIFE AND SOUND
AUTOPOIESISPROBLEMS
THE PROJECT EXAMPLES
!
10/18
OSCILLATOR
ENERGY FUNCTION
FEEDBACK ENHANCER
SOUND EMISSION SWITCHER
PEAK DETECTIONPROXIMITY DETECTION RESONANCE FILTER
I N P U T B L O C Kmicrophone
loudspeaker
output frequency
input frequency
reaction time
reaction time
vitality ratemortality rate
peakthreshold
*O U T P U T B L O C K
s o u n d s c a p e
E N E R G YB L O C K
THE PATCHLIFE AND SOUND
AUTOPOIESISPROBLEMS
THE PROJECT EXAMPLES
!
11/18
NOT FED CRICKETLIFE AND SOUND
AUTOPOIESISPROBLEMS
THE PROJECTEXAMPLES
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12/18
FED CRICKETLIFE AND SOUND
AUTOPOIESISPROBLEMS
THE PROJECTEXAMPLES
!
13/18
TWO CRICKETS, ONE NOTELIFE AND SOUND
AUTOPOIESISPROBLEMS
THE PROJECTEXAMPLES
!
14/18
TWO CRICKETS, TWO NOTESLIFE AND SOUND
AUTOPOIESISPROBLEMS
THE PROJECTEXAMPLES
!
15/18
16 CRICKETSLIFE AND SOUND
AUTOPOIESISPROBLEMS
THE PROJECTEXAMPLES
!
16/18
ANALOGIC IMPLEMENTATIONLIFE AND SOUND
AUTOPOIESISPROBLEMS
THE PROJECTEXAMPLES
!
17/18
Electronics by Giovanni Membretti
BIBLIOGRAPHYLIFE AND SOUND
AUTOPOIESISPROBLEMS
THE PROJECTEXAMPLES
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18/18Bedau M.A. & Cleland C.E. (Eds.) 2010. The nature of life: Classical and contemporary perspectives from philosophy and science Cambridge University Press, New York. !!Bregman A.S. 1990. Auditory Scene Analysis: The Perceptual Organization of Sound. Bradford Books, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.!!Hayles N.K. 1991. How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Informatics. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.!!Luisi P.L. 2006. The Emergenc of Life. From Chemical Origins to Synthetic Biology. Cambridge University Press, New York.!!Maturana H.R. & Varela F.J. 1980. Autopoiesis and Cognition: A characterization of the Living. !!Maturana H.R. & Varela F.J. 1987. The Tree of Knowledge: the biological roots of human understanding. Shambhala, Boston.!!Mingers J. 1995. Self-producing systems. Plenum Press, New York.!!Rothenberg D. 2005. Why birds sing. A journey into the mystery of bird song. Basic Books, New York.!!The Nature of Life, (Eds, Bedau M. & C. C.) Cambridge University Press, NewYork.!!Varela F.J. 2000. El Fenómeno de la Vida. Dolmen Ediciones, Providencia, Santiago de Chile. Varela F.J. 1989. Reflections on the circulation of concepts between a biology of cognition and " systemic family therapy. Family Process, 28, 15-24.
