A web mashup is a web application thattakes information from one or more sourcesand presents it in a new way or with a uniquelayout.

A web page or application created bycombining data or functionality from differentsources:

Mashing up = Combining or stitchingtogether.

• Mash up of Veggies salad

• A mashup, in web development, is a web page, or web application, that uses content from more than one source to create a single new service displayed in a single graphical interface. For example, a user could combine the addresses and photographs of their library branches with a Google map to create a map mashup

Google map to create a map Mashup (Airtel)

• a piece of recorded or live music in which a producer or DJ blends together two or more tracks, often of contrasting genres

• A musical track comprising the vocals of one recording placed over the instrumental backing of another.

Mashup Genres

• Mapping mashups

• Video and photo mashups

• Search and Shopping mashups

• News mashups

Mapping mashups

Video and photo mashups

Search and Shopping mashups

News mashups

HISTORY Based on understanding the broader context of the

history of the Web.Web 1.0

o Stored consumer data on portals oUpdated regularlyoControlled all the consumer dataoConsumer had to use their products and services to get

the information.

Web 2.0oUses Web standards that were commonly and widely

adopted oUnlocked the consumer dataoMashups emerged allowing mixing and matching

competitor's API to create new services.

HISTORY

• Mash-up term isn't formally defined by any standard-setting body.

• First Mashups used mapping services or photo services to combine these services

• In the beginning, most mashups were consumer-based

• Recently Business Mashups can combine existing internal data with external services to create new views on the data.

TYPES OF MASHUPS

• Business Mashups. Applications that combine their own

resources, application and data, with other external Web

services and focus the data into a single presentation and

allow for collaborative action among businesses and

developers.

• Consumer Mashups. Combine data from multiple public

sources in the browser and organize it through a simple

browser user interface. (e.g.: Wikipediavision combines

Google Map and a Wikipedia API)

• Data Mashups. (most common) These combine similar

types of media and information from multiple sources into a

single representation. The combination of all these resources

create a new and distinct Web service that was not originally

provided by either source.

BUSINESS MASHUPS

CONSUMER MASHUPS

WIKIPEDIA VISION

DATA MASHUPS

NEED OF WEB MASH-UP

• To foster innovation by unlocking and remixing information in ways not originally planned for

1

• To uncover new business insights by easily assembling information from multiple sources

2

• To increase agility by supporting dynamic assembly and configuration of applications

3

NEED OF WEB MASH-UP

• To speed up the development 4

• To reduce development costs through lightweight integration, reuse and sharing

5

CASE STUDY : BANGALORE TRAFFIC POLICE

INTRODUCTION

• DILIGENT TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT IS A MAJOR PROBLEM ACROSS INDIA, OFTEN MIRED IN CORRUPTION AND IN COMPLAINTS OF HARASSMENT; IT IS A SUBJECT OF MAJOR REFORMS INITIATED BY SENIOR MANAGEMENT OF ALL TRAFFIC POLICE ESTABLISHMENTS IN INDIA.

• YET POLICY MAKERS HAVE BEEN FINDING THAT THESE REFORMS ARE FALLING SHORT OF ACHIEVING THEIR EXPECTED OUTCOMES.

• BANGALORE TRAFFIC POLICE ATTEMPTED TO OVERCOME THE PROBLEMS, BY CONVERGING PEOPLE, PROCESS AND TECHNOLOGY.

INTRODUCTION

• THE DEPARTMENT HAS BEEN ABLE TO DELIVER ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL M-GOVERNANCE INITIATIVES IN THE COUNTRY.

• THIS CASE STUDY IS AN ATTEMPT TO PRESENT THE SUCCESS STORY OF THE DEPARTMENT IN A MANNER WHERE KEY LEARNING/S CAN BE EASILY IDENTIFIED AND EMULATED.

PROBLEM AREAS

SL

NO

DEFICIENCY CAUSE

1 FINANCIAL LOSSES TO

THE EXCHEQUER.

LACK OF VISIBILITY ON THE FIELD

ACTIVITIES BEING PERFORMED BY

TRAFFIC PERSONNEL

DIFFICULTY IN FIXING ACCOUNTABILITY

2 INABILITY TO IDENTIFY

AND TRACK HABITUAL

OFFENDERS

NO CENTRALIZED INFORMATION

REPOSITORY WHICH CAN BE USED TO

STORE AND TRACK VIOLATIONS USING

VIOLATING VEHICLE DETAILS.

NO INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS EITHER

WITHIN PROCESSES OR THROUGH

TECHNOLOGY, WHICH CAN ALLOW

CAPTURING AND CONSOLIDATION OF

VIOLATION DETAILS

PROBLEM AREAS

SL

NO

DEFICIENCY CAUSE

3 INABILITY TO CAPTURE

LATEST VEHICLE

REGISTRATION DETAILS

FROM RTOS.

DISTRIBUTED NATURE OF DATABASE

MAINTENANCE AT

RTOS.

LACK OF ONLINE CONNECTIVITY WITH

TRANSPORT

DEPARTMENT IN ORDER TO RECEIVE A

REGULAR UPDATE.

MANUAL PROCESS OF DATA

SYNCHRONIZATION CAUSED HUGE DELAY IN

GETTING LATEST DATA.

4 DIFFICULT AND

CUMBERSOME PROCESS

OF CITIZEN INTERACTIONS,

INCLUDING THE PROCESS

OF FINE PAYMENTS AND

LACK OF CENTRALIZED REPOSITORY OF ALL

VIOLATIONS.

LACK OF CONNECTIVITY BETWEEN POLICE

STATIONS.

PROBLEM AREAS

SL

NO

DEFICIENCY CAUSE

5 LACK OF

MANAGEMENT

INFORMATION SYSTEM

REQUIRED FOR TAKING

KEY DECISIONS.

NO CENTRAL REPOSITORY OF

INFORMATION.

NO DEFINITION OF KEY

PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

6 INABILITY TO VALIDATE

THE AUTHENTICITY OF

THE VIOLATION

RECORDED.

COMPLEX METHODOLOGY OF

PERFORMING SUCH VALIDATIONS,

WHICH MAKE IT HUMANLY

IMPOSSIBLE TO PERFORM SUCH

ACTIVITY WITHOUT HAVING SOME

AUTOMATION.

LACK OF FULL AND UPDATED

VEHICULAR DATA FROM RTOS.

PRIORITY

• PRIORITY I – CREATE A CENTRAL HARDWARE INFRASTRUCTUREFOR HOSTING CENTRALIZED KNOWLEDGE REPOSITORY.

• PRIORITY II – DEPLOY LOCAL IT SETUP AT EACH POLICE STATIONAND CONNECT THE CENTRAL HARDWARE INFRASTRUCTURE WITHPOLICE STATIONS.

• PRIORITY III–CREATE A CENTRAL DATA REPOSITORY AND CONNECTIT WITH THE LOCAL SYSTEMS FOR REGULAR DATA SHARING ANDSYNCHRONIZATION.

• PRIORITY IV–DEVELOP MOBILE GOVERNANCE PROGRAM BYCREATING A MOBILE INFRASTRUCTURE BY DISTRIBUTINGHANDHELD DEVICES, CONNECTED TO THE CENTRAL REPOSITORYUSING EDGE / GPRS NETWORK, TO OFFICERS ON THE FIELD. THISWOULD INCLUDE TRAINING TO THE FIELD OFFICERS ON HANDLINGAND USING THESE DEVICES.

• PRIORITY V – DEVELOP CITIZEN SERVICE DELIVERY CHANNELS,INCLUDING WEBSITE AND PAYMENT FACILITATION CENTRES.

FACT SHEET

• THE 1ST PHASE OF PROJECT WAS LAUNCHED INJANUARY 2008 AND BECAME FULLY OPERATIONAL INAPRIL 2009. THIS PHASE COVERED AROUND 280OFFICERS, WHO WERE RESPONSIBLE FOR TRAFFICMANAGEMENT.

• THE 2ND PHASE WAS OPERATIONALIZED BY APRIL2010. THIS PHASE COVERED AROUND 350 OFFICERS.WITH THIS PHASE THE PAPER BASED SYSTEM WASCOMPLETELY PHASED OUT.

• BANGALORE TRAFFIC AREA COVERS 1000 SQ. KMSWHICH INCLUDES, 4500 KMS OF ROAD, 40,000INTERSECTIONS, 330 SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS, 600MANNED INTERSECTIONS

Traffic Management Centre

•Operations:In order to enable better understanding of the situation, domain experts in the form of Transportation Engineers shall also be housed in the TMC to provide their expertise in analyzing and communicating the desired output on the field.

Traffic Signals

From the traffic signal system, a steady flow of traffic signal timings, traffic flow data etc would be received and this real time data will to be processed immediately to achieve a synchronized/optimized effect on the chosen corridors.

The TMC shall receive the real time data from the field and the same shall be witnessed on a monitor and then optimized plan will be generated. The plans so generated then shall be communicated to the local police officers on the field either through the wireless system present in the TMC or by the operations team.

• Traffic Surveillance cameras

The cameras located at 175 strategic locations across the city would be beaming live pictures into the TMC.

The traffic management team shall look at the live feeds coming in from the field and then based on certain parameters like tolerable queue length, congestion or an accident/incident that has occurred on the filed would be able to communicate to the field officers and necessary action will be initiated. Also violations occurring on the filed can be seen through the system and recorded for further use as evidence in the court and also action initiated through communication to the field officers.

• Traffic Enforcement Cameras

The enforcement cameras located at 5 locations across the city would be recording and beaming the violations into the TMC. The enforcement team would have to download the violations and then transfer the information to the automated enforcement system.

Communications - Wireless network

The decisions so made from the TMC will be communicated to the officers on the field and for this the wireless equipment available with the Police will be made use of.

TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

CENTRE (TMC)

• TRANSPORT ENGINEERS AVAILABLE IN TMC

• ANALYSE THE DATA AND COMMUNICATE TO FIELD OFFICERS

• COMMUNICATION THROUGH WIRELESS SYSTEMS/ OPERATIONS TEAM

• 175 CAMERAS AT VITAL LOCATIONS

• TRAFFIC LENGTHS AND CONGESTIONS

• ACCIDENT INFORMATIONS

• FUTURE EVIDENCE IN COURTS

TRAFFIC SURVEILLANCESYSTEM

Android app by Bangalore Traffic Police

• .• Main Features:•

1. Get live traffic on maps and alerts directly from Traffic Police2. Check for traffic fines of any vehicle number and also automatically get notified of any violations raised against your vehicle3. Automatically locate nearest traffic police station or browse through list of all traffic police stations, with office name, phone numbers and address4. Browse through list of emergency phone numbers and one touch dial

Features contd..

• 5. Browse through list of traffic offences and fine amount 6. Share traffic updates using whatsapp and other mobile apps7. Report traffic problems from the app itself8. Emergency Panic button9. Raise Auto Rickshaw complaints and track the status10. Upload violations using Public Eye feature11. Open BTP Facebook page

Features contd..

• Bengaluru police have given the traffic sub-

inspectors and inspectors

– 612 Blackberrys

– Wireless printers

• The Bengaluru city police (PSIs and above) have been trained on how to use these Blackberry.

Features contd..

• Advantages:• On the spot fine collection and receipt• Cases booked are stored in the server and repeated offenders can be identified• For those who can not pay spot fines notices are issued and the details are put up on the servers• Registration database from transport department linked up to Automated Enforcement Centre• Licence database is to be obtained

Features contd..

LIMITATIONS : MASHUPS

• Understand that

– profiles

– postings

– messages can contain false information provided by the user.

• Do not assume that information given by the user is true, accurate and complete.

• The Architecture

• Advantages

• Disadvantages

• Social Challenges

The Architecture

• Your Mashup = API calls + Data Manipulation + UI

User

Mashup website

User Request

Website 1 Website 2

API Call Data API Call Data

Data presentation

Data Manipulation

The Architecture

• A mashup architecture comprimes of 3 logically and physically disjointed components

–API/Content Provider

–Mashup Site

–Client’s Web Browser

API- (Application Prog Interface)

• Web Protocols–REST (Representational State

Transfer) communication protocol–SOAP(Simple object access

protocol) messaging protocol –RSS(rich site summary) feed/Atom

• Screen Scraping

Mashup Site

• Mashup is hosted by a web site–Mashup logic resides in this site–Execution is distributed over the

web

• The Mashup Site can be implemented and deployed similarly to traditional Web application

Provide immediate benefit at little cost.

Reuse using the APIs provided.

Faster time-to-market.

Cost efficient.

Service reliability and Quality of Service

Integrity of content not warranted

Most data sources are not made as a service

No standards : difficult to implement security mechanisms

Data Pollution

Data Pollution

• Many mashups solicit public user input

–it can be quite powerful because it enables open contribution and best-of-breed data evolution

–it can be subject to inconsistent, incorrect or intentionally misleading data entry

Social Challenges

• Protection of intellectual property

• Consumer privacy versus fair-use and the free flow of information

Thank you for your attention