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For decades, GIS has been taught from a bottom-up perspective in which basic concepts, tools, and tasks are first introduced in great detail, then linked together to form higher level parts of the system. These are in turn linked, sometimes across many levels, until the complete top-level geographic information system is revealed. This approach often results in a view of GIS as muddle of tools, functions, properties, and subsystems, seemingly isolated, task-specific, and fragmented. LearnGIS replaces this piecewise approach with a top-down, integrated view of GIS as a platform, based on the science of geography, that provides open geospatial capabilities to any user and allows access by any application on any device. In our top-down approach, we demonstrate through real-world examples how GIS solves geographic problems and builds geospatial knowledge. The examples, illustrating how GIS is used to conceptualize, organize, analyze, and visualize geographic information, introduce relevant GIS concepts, functions, and uses in yet greater detail. The exercises come to life when readers apply the methods in an interactive, engaging, and fun social learning environment. With the ArcGIS platform, all the maps, data, and tools are online, so anyone can learn by doing at anytime, anywhere, as long as they have Internet access. Through interactive story-telling and hands-on applications, we build a progressive understanding of the entire GIS platform, as a collection of its base elements (online maps, apps, tools, workflows, …), assembled in an integrated fashion, and used to find the solutions and information desired.
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2014 AAG Annual MeetingApril 8-11, 2014 | Tampa, FL
LearnGIS: A Novel, Top-down Approach to Learning about
GISAileen Buckley, Esri
aileen buckley | research cartographeresri | 380 new york street | redlands, ca 92373-
8100O: 909.793.2853 x2997 | C: 909.289.1798
An interactive and engaging social
environment to help people learn how to
develop geographic knowledge and solve
spatial problems
Goal
Focused on questions and problems
Where?
Why there?
A new introduction to what GIS is…
• Enables you to build knowledge and solve problems• Includes rich data sets and powerful analytical tools• Lets you creates maps and other useful information products
• Allows you to interact with data in a meaningful way
• And…perhaps most importantly…
GIS helps you communicate your information and knowledge
“GIS condenses down all the data and our information and our knowledge and our science into a kind of language that we can easily understand—maps.” – Jack Dangermond
http://www.esri.com/about-esri/vision/jack_dangermond
Office
Professional to Consumer GIS
Enterprise
Web
• Maps• Data• Analysis
Individual
Powered by . . .
Maps & Apps
DevicesDesktops
• Ready-to-use information
• Analysis in the cloud
• Online maps and layers
ArcGIS is Web GIS
Approach
• Uses inquiry-based learning to enhance/enrich traditional approaches
• Focused on realistic spatial questions and geographic problems
• Leverages rich GIS datasets and analytical tools
• Uses online technology to enable you to use and share information and resources
• The social setting allows you to participate in the community
Inquiry-based learning
• “Involvement leads to understanding”
• Useful application involves: - a context for questions- a framework for questions- different levels of questions
• Inquiry-based learning produces knowledge that can be widely applied
• Use of technology is focused on its application to enhance learning rather than learning about the technology itself
Case-based learning
Challenge-based learning
Community-based learning
Design-based learning
Game-based learning
Inquiry-based learningLand-based learning
Passion-based learning
Place-based learning
Problem-based learning
Project-based learning
Proficiency-based learning
Service-based learning
Studio-based learning
Team-based learning
Work-based learning
. . . and the new fave . . .
Zombie-based learning (look it up!)
Complexity
Inquiry implies a “want or need to know" premise,
so…
Who is the audience?
• Self-motivated learners, such as:- Academic students who want or need to learn about GIS - Professionals who want or need to learn more about GIS- Managers who want to learn more about how GIS can be
used in their organization
• Teachers who want to get or share resources to teach GIS
• Map and GIS librarians who teach, formally or informally, about GIS
GIS Professionals Consumers“-ologists”
Developers Educators Students
Managers
GIS Librarians
Journalists
11
22 44
11
33
11
Lesson example
11
The Power of Maps
22
The Power of Maps - Windows22
The Power of Maps - Stories
22
The Power of Maps - Analysis
22
Get Started Now
33
Spatial Problem Solving44
Not a linear process—you iterate, diagnose, review, and backtrack as you make progress
Explore an issue & fram
e a spatial
question
Mod
el the
app
roac
h an
d pe
rfor
m the
anal
ysis
spatial PROBLEM SOLVING
Shar
e yo
ur
resu
lts
Interpret the
results
Explore the issue to find out about important topics
Frame the questionor questions that youwant to investigate
Model the analysis approach Figure out the approach that will be used to generate the
results Identify assumptions that have a bearing on how you will
perform the analysis or what results will be generated Gather and understand the data Gather, manipulate, visualize, and explore meaningful and useful
geographic data
Perform the steps in the analysis Process the data analytically to draw out essential characteristics
Display and assess the results Manipulate and display the results graphically to reveal something interesting or useful Examine the results to identify and understand unusual or interesting patterns Determine if special considerations about the data, analysis methods, or mapping methods would alter the results
Understand the meaning of what you see on the maps, tables, graphs,
etc…
Make sense of these results
Evaluate whether the results provide a satisfactory explanation
or
answer to the spatial question or questions you asked
Share your findings with
others through thoughtfully-
presented geoenriched
online maps and apps
Application areas
Aid & Development
Business
Defense & Intelligence
Education
Government
Health & Human Services
Mapping & Charting
Natural Resources
Public Safety
Transportation
Utilities & Communications
Spatial questions – based on Andy Mitchell’s books
Spatial Analysis - Lesson
44
Concept topics – based on content in books
Concept topics – based on content in books
Online analysis
Rich data sets
• Living Atlas• Landscape Layers• Elevation Layers• USGS historic topo quads
Analysis tools:•Summarize Elevation•Profile•Trace Downstream•Viewshed•Watershed
Use Story Map templates
Builder apps
Include core topics from GIS&T BoK
LearnGIS Body of Knowledge
Manipulate and display the
results in a way the
reveals the solution, i.e., the thing that is interesting
or useful about the
environment• Maps, graphs,
reports, information graphics
• Symbolization• Qualitative
thematic maps• Quantitative
thematic maps• Image maps
Deconstruct the environment into
constituent parts, then
gather meaningful and accurate data
about the labeled features, attributes, and
phenomena that we have
identified• GIS basics• The earth and earth
coordinates• Map scale• Map projections• Grid coordinate
systems• Land information• Geographic data and
primary data sources• Data quality and map
accuracy• Data modeling and
data manipulation
Process those data
analytically to draw out essential
characteristics and produce a
solution
• Analysis and geoprocessing
• Geometric measures
• Overlay• Analytical
Methods• Surface Analysis• Spatial statistics• Geostatistics• Data mining• Network analysis• Optimization• Location
allocation
Ask something interesting or useful about the
environment
• Learning objectives
• What• Where• How much• Why
Integrate the solution
into frameworks, workflows,
environments, or
processes
• GIS and maps in society and organizations
• GIS workflows• Coordinating
organizations• Organizations
structures• Organizational
procedures• GI system
operations• GI system
infrastructure
• Reading, analysis, interpretation
• Read a map• Read multiple
maps• Look for patterns• Look for
correspondence• Explain the
patterns or correspondence
Learn something interesting or useful about the
environment
Communicate what you
have learned to
others
• Maps, graphs, reports, information graphics
• Compilation and page construction (includes map elements and page layout)
• Symbolization• Production
and publication
Consider Khan Academy Knowledge Map approach
Knowledge Map for LearnGIS
In the very near future…
• Release: Prior to UC in July• More…
- Lessons- Examples- Concept topics
• Enhancements for more community involvement
• Guided GIS Analysis
aileen buckley | research cartographeresri | 380 new york street | redlands, ca 92373-8100
O: 909.793.2853 x2997 | C: 909.289.1798 | [email protected]