Industries in PakistanBy Hamza Sohail, Adil Shafique, and Zaryab Taqi

Aims and Objectives● The main purpose of this presentation is to create awareness

about the current situation of Pakistan’s industries.

● The benefit that these industries provide to Pakistan.

● The concerns that these industries face.

● The future prospects of these industries.

● Another aim is to compare and contrast Pakistan’s industries

with other countries of the world.

The Difference between Major and Minor industries

● An industry is categorized as a major industry based on factors such as its contribution to the country’s gross domestic product (GDP) and the percentage of the country’s population it employs.

● A major industry employs a large number a of the country’s population or labour force and contributes greatly to the GDP of the country.

● A minor Industry does not contribute as much to the country's GDP and employs a smaller sector of the population than a major industry.

● Major Industries are more precious and beneficial to a country’s economy as well.

Major IndustriesAgriculture

● Agriculture is one of the main industries of Pakistan and constitutes a large sector of the economy.

● It contributes about 24 percent of the GDP and accounts for half of employed labour force.

● Agriculture is also a large source of foreign exchange earnings for Pakistan.

● Agriculture helps to feed the entire populace and crops such as wheat, cotton, rice, sugarcane, maize are the most widely grown.

● In 2005, Pakistan produced 21,591,400 metric tons of wheat and almost thrice as much in 2015.

● Minerals generated from Balochistan and Sindh are mainly expended in the agricultural sector in the form of fertilizers and soil enrichment products. It is also the main industry sustaining the population of Pakistan.

Harvesting of Wheat in a small subsistence farm

Textile Industry● The textile industry is an important part of

Pakistan’s economy. This sector contributes 8.5% to the GDP, accounts for 32.2% of industrial employment and 57% of total exports

● Pakistan is the 8th largest exporter of textile products in Asia

● The 3 main countries which Pakistan exports to are Hong Kong, South Korea and Japan. But due to increasing demand in the local market the cotton available for export has decreased.

Mining Industry● Pakistan has deposits of several minerals

including coal, copper, gold, chromite, mineral salt, bauxite and several other minerals

● Mining is managed by the Pakistan Mineral Development Corporation.

● The province of Balochistan is the richest in mineral resources. While recently Sindh discovered coal deposits in Thar.

● KPK is also rich in gems. Currently there are around 52 minerals in Pakistan and Khewra salt mines are currently the 2nd largest in the world.

Major Industries

Minor IndustriesSports Goods Industry

● Our sports goods Industry is located in Sialkot; a famous city of province of Punjab which has earned very good name for Pakistan and gives good foreign exchange as sports goods of sialkot.

● The basic raw material is leather and mulberry wood that are available in Pakistan, especially mulberry wood.

● The produce includes footballs, hockey sticks, polo gear, rackets, etc.

IT Industry● Information technology in Pakistan is a growing and rising

industry that has a lot of potential. ● Matters relating to the IT industry are overseen and regulated

by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting of the Government of Pakistan.

● IT is said to drive Pakistan out of economic crisis according to skilled analysts.

BenefitsAgriculture

● Agriculture industry is the major source of employment in Pakistan.

● In 2007-08 Development Report of UNDP 65% of the total population of Pakistan lived in rural areas in 2005.

● It is also a main contributor to GDP as other industries are underdeveloped when compared to Pakistan’s agriculture.

● Our agricultural export includes rice, oranges, mango’s, apricots etc. It also supports other industries like the textile industry.

Textile● It is said to be the backbone of Pakistan’s

economy. Textile products are mainly exported to China.

● Pakistan’s textile industry ranks among the top in the world.

● Pakistan’s textile production’s success lays behind low production costs. Cotton is also available cheaply.

● Currently inputs for the textile industry are at a surplus. It is also a major export resulting in earnings of $4568 million annually.

Mining● Pakistan has mineral resources in abundance

particularly in Balochistan, Punjab, and Sindh. ● The most common mineral resource is lignite

coal. It is available in massive quantities in Balochistan and Sindh.

● Pakistan’s own reserve is also very large (185 billion tonnes).

● Experts say that coal can power Pakistan for more than a hundred years or so and produce 100 million Kwh of electricity.

● In Sindh, Thar has the 5th largest coal reserves in the world. Potwar plateau is also very productive and provides limestone and gypsum which helps in making cement and developing infrastructure around Pakistan.

● Metals are also found in various place across Balochistan.

Benefits

ConcernsAgriculture

● The majority of land in punjab has been subjected to waterlogging and salinity which has rendered the land uncultivable.

● Almost 30 lac acres of Punjab is waterlogged.

● The land is being exhausted and artificial fertilizers pollute the land further.

Textile Industry● Leaf-Curl virus is a major concern for this

industry as it lessens the yield of cotton crops.

● Other countries such Hong Kong pose strong competition. There is a need of improvement.

● The textile industry is also facing problems like shortage of electricity, cotton chipping and processing issues due to outdated machinery

Mining● Even though Pakistan has mineral resources in

abundance, mining poses environmental risks. ● We cannot rely on mineral resources forever and

eventually we will need to shift to renewables.● Most labourers in this market are exploited as

there are no labours laws and most firms in this sector are unregistered.

● Pakistan is also in need of managers for our large scale mining projects but there is a lack of educated people and foreigners hesitate to come here due to security reasons.

● People working in this sector also face many dangers like skin cancer, lung diseases(like Tuberculosis and Asthma) and terrible working conditions with low wages.

● Mining in Balochistan is also restricted, which is our gold mine for resources, due to an agreement back in the 60’s with America.

Future ProspectsAgriculture

● Technologies such as control over the ionosphere so we can control precipitation as Pakistani agriculture's biggest enemy is inconsistent rain.

● The costs of production also need to be lowered to stay competitive. This can be done through lesser wastage of resources and proper training of the labourers.

● Drip irrigation should be implemented because it is much more efficient than the conventional forms of irrigation.

● Pests also continue to be a problem which can be controlled through proper awareness of pesticides.

Textile● The textile industry needs to be

monitored so it can improve.● Most firms are unregistered so

they are difficult to control.● There needs to be proper

implementation of ISO standards 9000 and 14000. Without it we cannot export finished products and stay behind the competition.

● Pakistan so far has been only been able to export cotton as a raw material.

● Technologies should also be implemented as well as proper training of the labourers so there is lesser wastage of resources and faster more efficient work.

Mining● Pakistan’s next step to

improving its mining industry is the proper monitoring and management of large scale mining projects.

● Large scale projects fail even though they have been proven to be feasible.

● There also needs to be observance of labour laws as people working in this industry are exploited for which they can do nothing.

● Once the restrictions on the mining in Balochistan is lifted, Pakistan should also try to extract them

Comparison With Other Countries(Japan)

Agriculture● Japan’s primary agricultural produce is rice and

it is one among the very few agricultural goods.● However the rice is of very high quality.

Japan’s agricultural methods are also very advanced compared to Pakistan.

● Unfortunately, for Japan there is lack of food so it needs to import food to feed its population.

● Japan is also a very developed country so it has no problems in doing so since there is ample capital available.

Mining● Japan’s mining industry today is almost

non-existent and that is due to several reasons.● There are very little mining resources so there is

no employment in this sector.● Japan has moved on to renewables and was

the first to produce electrical transport.

Textile● Japan’s textile industry is also very advanced

compared to Pakistan and is also very famous and expensive.

● It poses competition to Pakistan. Most textile work is done by robots and machinery.

● It has been a part of Japanese culture since ancient times and for that reason it is focused on. It is next to its IT and automotive industry.

Comparison With Other Countries(China)Mining

● China has developed a very strong mining industry over time which has a complete range of departments like geology, research, construction, and etc.

● China has been efficiently extracting mineral resources but now all the minerals in the country are approaching depletion.

Agriculture● One of China’s most vital industries is agriculture. China has

the highest output in the world and feeds 20 percent of the world’s population with it.

● Its produce includes rice, tea, wheat, and etc. This industry has around 300 million labourers.

● Since China had very little arable land it had developed agricultural techniques over time, like irrigation and use of animals for farming.

Textile● Textile in China is also very big like its other sectors. In 2013

it exported $274 billion in textiles, seven times that of India, the second largest exporter.

● Its main supplier of this industry's primary resource is Pakistan. But due to reforms, the wage rate of labourers has increased which has resulted in an increase of the price of the final product.

● China has lost its competitiveness due to higher prices compared to Hong Kong and others.