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Provides an overview of the use of data (Big, Open, Linked Data) in the development context. The slides presents a model for D4D and highlights initiatives in two major streams of D4D initiatives.
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Data for Development – A Bird’s Eye View
Adegboyega Ojo Insight Centre for Data AnalyticsNational University of Ireland, Galway (NUIG), Rep. of [email protected]
Data for Development Tutorial -
ICEGOV2014, Guimarães, Portugal , 27 – 30 October 2014
Agenda
o Background
o Exemplar Initiatives
o Cases – Scotland and Portugal
Background- Global Data Ecosystem 1Global open data ecosystem is rapidly growing with over 390 open data catalogues and portal now available [datacatalogs.org]
Background- Global Data Ecosystem 2Data technology and services are expected to grow worldwide to USD 16.9 billion in 2015 at a compound annual growth rate of 40% – about seven times that of the information and communications technology (ICT) market overall [EC Data Driven Economy Strategy 2014]
The number of specialist big data staff working in larger firms will increase by more than 240% over the next five years in the UK alone [EC Data Driven Economy Strategy 2014]
Significant opportunities for big data applications exists in a number of sectors in health, smart factories, agriculture, public administration, media [Big Project’s Sector
requisite report, 2014]
Background- Global Data Ecosystem 3
Economic Impact Potential of Open Data, Source: Mckinsey Global Institute Analysis
Development - Thoughts & PerspectivesThree classical schools of thought on development (Kleine 2009; Sein 2004):
o Development as modernization or economic growtho Development as exploitation of poorer countries by richer or
more developed through colonization or dependencyo The development as expansion of assets and
capabilities of the poor to participate in, negotiate with, influence, control and hold accountable the institutions that affect their lives” (Sen, 1984).
The assets include material, financial, natural, geographical, human, psychological, informational, cultural and social resources (Kleine, 2009).
Development – A Simplified Model (Choice Framework)
Source: Adapted from Ojo, A., Janowski, T., & Awotwi, J. (2013). Enabling development through governance and mobile technology. Government Information Quarterly, 30, S32–S45. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2012.10.004
Agency is the capability to exploit resources to achieve goals. Choice is degree of empowerment @ 4levels - Existence, Awareness, Use, Achievement.
Data for Development - PerspectivesHarnessing open data to achieve positive societal development outcomes. At least two clear strands of initiatives …
o Adopting better data management and open innovation practices in core socio-economic sectors such as agriculture and health. Also includes developing data-driven applications and knowledge products for better public services
o International development organizations such as the World Bank and United Nations agencies have launched major data initiatives to promote the use of Big, Open and Linked data in international development
Data for Development Model – A Simple Model
Copyright © Adegboyega Ojo
Data for Development –Perspective 1 Example Definition
Constructed from Orange’s D4D and OD4D Initiatives:
o Using available Big, Open, Linked Data in novel ways to address socio-economic development questions and challenges related to well-being of the populace.
o Harnessing the power of open data to achieve positive developmental outcomes (http://www.od4d.net/about.html)
Data for Development –Perspective 2 Open Innovation Initiative
Exploiting mobile phone datasets including antenna-to-antenna traffic on hourly basis; individual trajectories for customers for two week time window with antenna location information, and communication graphs for customers; to address societal challenges
Data for Development –Perspective 2 Public Health Example
Exploiting Call Record Data for epidemiological studies and tracking spread of diseases.
Source:http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21627623-mobile-phone-records-are-invaluable-tool-combat-ebola-they-should-be-made-available
Data for Development –Perspective 2 Governance Initiative
“Follow the Money” Initiative in Nigeria to map and track government spends {http://followthemoneyng.org/]
Data for Development -Perspective 1 Sector Applications
Source: Compiled by authors from “EC FP7 Big project Report on Sector Requisites
Data for Development –Perspective 2 Exemplar definition
Definition by UN Global Pulse Primer on Big Data for Real-time awareness 2013:
“Big Data for Development” is a concept that refers tothe identification of sources of Big Data relevant to policy and planning of development programmes. It
differs from both “traditional” development data and what the private sector and mainstream media call
Big Data.”
Data for Development –Perspective 2 Example Initiative
Source: unfpa.org
analysing links between population phenomena and reproductive health, human rights, gender equality and poverty, among other issues.
Data for Development –Perspective 2 Example Initiative
AGROVOC is a controlled vocabulary covering all areas of interest of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) including food, nutrition, agriculture, fisheries, forestry, environment …
Source: http://aims.fao.org/standards/agrovoc/linked-open-data#.VE2qHTi2_4g
Data for Development –Perspective 3 Example Initiative
AidData is a research and innovation lab that seeks to improve development outcomes by making development finance data more accessible and actionable…Source: http://aiddata.org/
Data for Development –Inter-regional Coop Initiative
Open Data for Development Network: Collaborative research and practice efforts involving initiatives from South – Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean aiming to strengthen open data ecosystems in the respective regions [http://www.od4d.net/about.html].
Is D4D Sufficiently “Inclusive”?
o Closer examination of existing initiatives shows that few initiatives directly engage citizens
o How do we increase citizen direct participation in the D4D driven solutions?
o Any role for crowdsourcing (or citizen sensing) and Human-Computer Interaction (e.g. effective interfaces for different citizen segments) here ?
We will return to these issues shortly ….
Part 2
Cases: Scotland & Portugal
