Bscience

BUILDING SCIENCE 2 [BLD61303] PROJECT 2 INTEGRATION PROJECT

COMMUNITY LIBRARY Jalan Tun H.S.Lee

Chong Yee Ching 0316102 Mr. Mohamed Rizal

[BLD61303] Building Science 2 Integration Project

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Table of Content

1.0 Introduction 1.1 Objective 2 1.2 Project Description 2 1.3 Site Analysis 3 1.4 Floor Plans 4 - 7 2.0 Lighting 2.1 Day Lighting Analysis 8 2.1.1 Open Library 9 -11 2.1.2 Reading Space/ Auditorium 12 - 14 2.2 Artificial Lighting Analysis 15 2.2.1 Open Library 15 - 17 2.2.2 Reading Space/ Auditorium 18 - 20 2.3 PSALI Analysis 2.3.1 Open Library 21 – 22 2.3.2 Reading Space/ Auditorium 23 - 24 3.0 References 25


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1.0 Introduction

1.1 Objective

This project is an integration of lighting design with project of module, Architectural Studio V. It aims to integrate the artificial lighting and daylighting strategies (PSALI) in the final design whereby context of the design is considered. It is to show the understandings towards design space incorporating artificial and daylighting, in order to solve the design problems in relation to sustainability issues.

1.2 Project Description

Located along Jalan Tun H.S. Lee, Kuala Lumpur, the community library is designed to serve the community in Jalan Tun H.S. Lee to encourage interaction among all ages and all backgrounds.

This library prompt to address the issue happening along the street, which the users are mostly target orientated, do not have a sense of attachment to the street but towards individual destinations itself e.g. Temple, food stalls, etc. It is to engage the users to the past (history of the street), to seek for the familiarity in the unfamiliarity, that was once recognize, films and books acts a catalyst for the improvement of social well-being, acting as a common ground, linking the users to appreciate the street. It is also to preserve the memories of the local people, therefore, engage with the history of street.

The street is extended by going into the architecture, as an extension of public spaces, which also defines the quality of a community library, portray street into vertical layers with activity association. Its multi-layered spaces with both the essence of film and books tied together to blur the demarcation of the dying culture along the street. Its circulation also created a dynamic terrain of public and private spaces, obtaining knowledge as part of the story of the street.


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1.3 Site Analysis

Allocating in Kuala Lumpur city centre, building are located close to each other whereby sunlight might be blocked by the higher buildings, shadow diagrams are shown below to show the site daylighting blockage.

Diagram 1.3.1: Shadow casting at 9am.

Diagram 1.3.2: Shadow casting at 12pm.

Diagram 1.3.3: Shadow casting at 6pm.

Daylighting should be optimize at its best to designatedd the interior space of the library whereby the ambience of the spaces would attract users to utilize the space.


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1.4 Floor Plans

Ground Floor Plan Scale 1:200


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First Floor Plan Scale 1:200


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Second Floor Plan Scale 1:200


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Third Floor Plan Scale 1:200


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2.0 Lighting

2.1 Daylight Factor Analysis

Daylight Factor is the ratio between the actual illuminance at a point inside a room and the illuminance possible from an unobstructed hemisphere in the sky.

Daylight Factor is defined as follow:

Daylight Factor, DF = Indoor Illuminance, Ei x 100% Outdoor Illuminance, Eo

Where, DF = Daylight Factor at a chosen reference point in the room (%) Ei = Illuminance due to daylight at a point on the indoors working plane (lx) Eo = Simultaneous outdoor illuminance on the horizontal plane from an unobstructed hemisphere of overcast sky. (lx) According to MS1525, Recommended Day Light Factor distribution as below:

Zone DF (%) Distribution Very Bright >6 Very large thermal and glare problems

Bright 3-5 Good Average 1-3 Fair

Dark 0-1 Poor


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2.1.1 Open Library Area

Diagram 2.1.1.1: First Floor Plan indicating location of open library area.

Daylight Factor Calculation

Dimension of room (L x W) (m) 12.81 x 6.4 Floor Area (m2) 81.92 Area of façade exposed to sunlight (m2) (Perimeter x Height)

6.4 x 4 =25.6

Exposed Façade area to Floor Area Ratio 25.6/81.92 =0.3125 =3.125%

Natural Illumination Calculation

Illuminance (lux) Example 120000 Very Bright Example 110000 Bright Sunlight 20000 Clear Sky

1000 – 2000 Overcast day 400 Sunrise/ Sunset on clear day

<200 Midday 40 Fully overcast <1 Sunset, Storm cloud


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Conclusion

The open library area has a daylight factor of 3.13% and natural illumination of 1000 lux. Based on the requirement of MS 1525, the space has good distribution of daylight as it is in a good range of 3-5%. For instance, the natural illumination exceeds the light level for an open library area which is 300-500 lux which will cause thermal discomfort and glare to the users which is shown in the shadow diagram below.

DF = (Ei / Eo) x 100% 3.125 = (Ei/32000) x 100

Ei = (3.125/100) x 32000

Ei = 1000 lux

Diagram 2.1.1.2: Section indicating location of open library area.

Diagram 2.1.1.3: Daylighting contour for open library area.


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In the shadow casting diagram, morning light do not appear in the space as the orientation of the space is facing west, but having evening sunlight over the space, curtain wall is designed for the frontage but having high natural illuminance, design are proposed to optimize daylighting.

Hence, the wall exposed to sunlight facing west, is designed with a screen of terra cotta sunscreen. The sunscreen are designated in a way to maximize natural daylight into open library area. Terra cotta is a good material with low reflectance, will not cause glare to other buildings, proposed elevation is shown below.

Diagram 2.1.1.6: Proposed elevation with terracotta sunscreen.

Diagram 2.1.1.4: Shadow casting during 9am in open library area.

Diagram 2.1.1.5: Shadow casting during 6pm in open library area.


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2.1.2 Reading Space/ Auditorium

Diagram: First Floor Plan indicating location of reading space/auditorium area.

Daylight Factor Calculation

Dimension of room (L x W) (m) 9.581 x 6.025 Floor Area (m2) 57.726 Area of façade exposed to sunlight (m2) (Perimeter x Height)

6.025 x 7 = 42.175

Exposed Façade area to Floor Area Ratio 42.175/52.726 = 0.8 = 8%

Natural Illumination Calculation

Illuminance (lux) Example 120000 Very Bright Example 110000 Bright Sunlight 20000 Clear Sky

1000 – 2000 Overcast day 400 Sunrise/ Sunset on clear day

<200 Midday 40 Fully overcast <1 Sunset, Storm cloud


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DF = (Ei / Eo) x 100% 8 = (Ei/32000) x 100 Ei = (8/100) x 32000 Ei = 2560 lux

Conclusion

The reading space/ auditorium area has a day lighting factor of 8% and a natural illuminance level of 2560 lux after calculation. Based on the requirement of MS 1525, the space is brightly lit by daylight as both the values exceeded the standards highly whereby the daylight factor should be lower than 5% and the recommended level for the space is 500 lux. This will cause thermal discomfort and glare to the users which we can observe from the day-lighting contour below.

Diagram 2.1.2.2: Daylighting contour for reading space/ auditorium area.

Diagram 2.1.2.1: Section indicating location of reading space/auditorium area.


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The high curtain wall enclosing the double volume space caused the large exposure of sunlight to the space. The east orientation of the space gave the space warm morning light that will lit up the whole space but façade are designed in a way that optimum sunlight will be used.

Having the same language as the front façade, terra cotta screen are also used for the double volume space, extended towards third floor where the screen will act as a railing for the higher level. The low reflectance material would not cause any disturbance to the opposite building. Proposed back elevation is shown in diagram

Diagram 2.1.2.5: Proposed elevation with terracotta sunscreen.

Diagram 2.1.2.3: Shadow casting during 9am in reading space/ auditorium area.

Diagram 2.1.2.4: Shadow casting during 6pm in reading space/ auditorium area.


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2.2 Artificial Lighting Analysis

Natural lighting should be fully utilized when designing the interior space but its reachable area are minimal because some of the spaces are meant to be enclosed to maintain the internal ambience of utilizing artificial lighting, therefore, natural lighting is not utilized in some of the area, which artificial lighting is essential and sufficient.


Diagram 2.2.1.1: First Floor Plan indicating location of open library area.

Fixtures Properties

Type of Fixture Ceiling mounted LED Panel Light

Type of Light Bulb


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Material of Fixture Stainless Steel Product Brand & Code Lucretia P6060 Dimension (L x W x H) 595 x 595 x 20 Nominal Life (hours) 50000 hours Wattage (W) 72 CRI 80 Color Temperature, K 4000 Color Designation Cool White Lumens 6000

Lumens Method Calculation

Location Open Library Dimension of room (L x W) (m) 12.81 x 6.4 Total Floor Area, A (m2) 81.92 Height of Ceiling (m) 4.0 Type of Lighting Fixture Luminous Flux of Lighting, F (lm) 6000 Height of Luminaires (m) (Height of suspended ceiling – Height of suspended light)

4 – 0.5 = 3.5

Height of Working Plane (m) 0.8 Mounting Height (Hm) (m) (Height of luminaires – Height of working plane)

3.50 - 0.8 = 2.7

Standard Illumination recommended by MS1525 300 lux

Reflection Factors Ceiling: 0.7 Wall: 0.5 Floor: 0.2

Room Index, RI (k) RI = L x W / (L + W) x Hm

RI = 12.81 X 6.4/ (12.81 + 6.4) X 2.7 = 1.58

Utilization Factor, UF 0.57 Maintenance Factor, MF 0.80

Number of fittings required, N N= E x A / (F x UF x MF)

N = (300 X 81.92) / (6000 x 0.57 x 0.8) = 8.98 ≈ 9 bulbs

Spacing to Height Ratio (SHR) SHR = 1/Hm x √ (A/N)

SHR = 1/2.7 x √ (81.92/9) = 1.1174 S = 1.1174 x 2.7 = 3.017

Fitting Layout

Fitting required along 12.81m wall. 12.81/3.017 = 4.246 ≈ 4 - 5 rows Therefore : 5 x 2 = 8 - 10 bulbs Spacing required for 12.81m wall is 12.81/5 = 2.56m Spacing required for 6.4m wall is 6.4/2 = 3.2m


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Fitting Layout

Diagram 2.2.1.2: Proposed layout for LED Panel Light fixtures.

Diagram 2.2.1.3: Proposed layout for LED Panel Light fixtures in sections.

Conclusion

The open library area with 81.9m2 is arranged with 2 rows of 5 LED panel light to be achieve the requirement of 300 lux in the room as stated in MS1525 in the section diagram which shows how the artificial light path overlapping each other. As the library are orientated to the west, light blockage from the opposite building could block off some daylight. With the sufficient level of illumination, the users are able to read and study no matter day or night.


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Diagram 2.2.2.1: First Floor Plan indicating location of reading space/auditorium area

Fixtures Properties Type of Fixture Ceiling Mounted LED Downlight

Type of Light Bulb

Material of Fixture Aluminium Product Brand & Code Medo 161461 Dimension (D x H) 250 x 125 Nominal Life (hours) 20000 hours Wattage (W) 21 Color Temperature, K 3000 Color Designation Warm White Lumens 2000


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Lumens Method Calculation Location Reading Space/ Auditorium Dimension of room (L x W) (m) 9.581 x 6.025 Total Floor Area, A (m2) 57.726 Height of Ceiling (m) 7 Type of Lighting Fixture Suspended LED Downlight Luminous Flux of Lighting, F (lm) 3000 Height of Luminaires (m) (Height of suspended ceiling – Height of suspended light)

7 – 0.5 = 6.5

Height of Working Plane (m) 1 Mounting Height (Hm) (m) (Height of luminaires – Height of working plane)

6.5 – 1 = 5.5

Standard Illumination recommended by MS1525

300 lux

Reflection Factors Ceiling: 0.7 Wall: 0.5 Floor: 0.2

Room Index, RI (k) RI = L x W / (L + W) x Hm

RI = 9.581 x 6.025/ (9.581 + 6.025) X 5.5 = 1.487

Utilization Factor, UF 0.57 Maintenance Factor, MF 0.80 Number of fittings required, N N= E x A / (F x UF x MF)

N = (300 X 57.726) / (3000 x 0.57 x 0.8) = 12.66 ≈ 13 bulbs

Spacing to Height Ratio (SHR) SHR = 1/Hm x √ (A/N)

SHR = 1/5.5 x √ (57.726/13) = 0.3831 S = 0.3831 x 5.5 = 2.1072

Fitting Layout Fitting required along 9.581m wall. 9.581/2.1072 = 4.547 ≈ 5 rows Therefore : 5 x 3 = 12 – 15 lamps Spacing required for 9.581m wall is 9.581/5 = 1.916m Spacing required for 6.025m wall is 6.025/3 = 2.01m


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Fitting Layout

Diagram 2.2.2.2: Proposed layout for ceiling mounted LED downlight.

Diagram 2.2.2.3: Proposed layout for ceiling mounted LED downlight in section.

Conclusion

Based on the fitting layout, 3 rows of 5 ceiling mounted LED downlight are arranged in the 57.7m2 reading space/ auditorium area, which in total a maximum of 15 lighting fixtures are to be installed. With the aid of artificial lighting, the space are able to meet the requirement of 300-500 lux as stated in MS 1525, it is also shown in the artificial light path where the space is illuminated when the daylight is insufficient.


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2.3 PSALI (Permanent Supplementary Artificial Lighting of Interiors) Analysis


Diagram 2.3.1.1: Proposed layout for LED Panel Light fixtures.

Diagram 2.3.1.2: Daylighting Contour Diagram 2.3.1.3: Artificial Lighting Contour

Switch 2

Switch 3

Switch 1


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There are 10 light fittings to illuminate the 81.9m2 of the open library area to achieve 300 lux that is required by MS 1525 with the sufficient level of illumination to allow users to have a good quality for reading and studying.

Based on the calculation and light contour analysis, the total 10 lighting fixtures in the library that can be controlled by utilizing 3 switches. Switch 1 controls the outmost row of lighting fixtures facing the façade because the curtain wall is designated to utilized daylighting in the noon in the open library area, therefore outmost lighting fixtures might not be in used for certain timing. And for switch 2 and 3, the light fixtures would be switch accordingly during the day time to save up the electricity when there is sufficient lighting up space nearer to the curtain wall.


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Diagram 2.3.2.2: Daylighting Contour Diagram 2.3.2.3: Artificial Lighting Contour

Diagram 2.3.2.1: Proposed layout for ceiling mounted LED downlight.

Switch 2

Switch 1

Switch 3


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There are 15 light fittings to illuminate the 57.7m2 of the reading space/ auditorium area to achieve 300 lux that is required by MS 1525 with the sufficient level of illumination to allow users to have a good quality for reading while at night it can be act as an auditorium for screening.

As shown in the contour analysis, the large curtain wall exposing daylighting to the double volume spaces are over exposed because of the east orientation of the spaces whereby fittings connected for Switch 1 are to be switch off during the day to save up electricity whereby illuminating the space when sufficient level of illumination could not be achieved during cloudy day. The following lighting fixtures are to be switch on to light up spaces according to the timing and sun path.


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3.0 References

1. Surface Ceiling Mounting| Modern Lighting Solutions. (2016). Modernlightingsolutions.co.uk. Retrieved 1 December 2016, from http://www.modernlightingsolutions.co.uk/led-downlight-36-3-round-white-36-led-3000k-4935.html

2. Lighting Isn’t Cheap: Here’s How to Do It Right. (2016). Houselogic. Retrieved 1 December 2016, from https://www.houselogic.com/remodel/painting-lighting/room-lighting-design-tips/

3. Lucretia Lighting | Tailored Designer Lighting Solutions | Lucretia P6060 72W 6000 Lumen 595mm LED Panel Light. (2016). Lucretiashop.com.au. Retrieved 1 December 2016, from http://lucretiashop.com.au/lucretia-72w-dimmable-6000-lumen-595mm-led-panel-light.html

http://www.modernlightingsolutions.co.uk/led-downlight-36-3-round-white-36-led-3000k-4935.html

http://www.modernlightingsolutions.co.uk/led-downlight-36-3-round-white-36-led-3000k-4935.html

https://www.houselogic.com/remodel/painting-lighting/room-lighting-design-tips/

https://www.houselogic.com/remodel/painting-lighting/room-lighting-design-tips/

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