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Adrien Joly's PhD work in progress on Enterprise Ambient Awareness, presented 19/07/2009 at Smart Offices and Other Workspaces, Workshop of the Intelligent Environments 2009 conference, Barcelona, Spain.
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Workspace Awareness without Overload:Contextual Filtering of Social Interactions
19/07/2009, Smart Offices and Other Workspaces,Workshop of the Intelligent Environments 2009 conference, Barcelona, Spain
Adrien Joly ♠, ♣, Pierre Maret ♦, Johann Daigremont ♠
♠ Alcatel-Lucent Bell Labs France ♣ Université de Lyon, LIRIS UMR 5205, INSA de Lyon♦ Université de Lyon, Laboratoire Hubert Curien, UMR CNRS 5516
2 | Awareness without Overload | March 2009 Copyright © 2009 Alcatel-Lucent, d.r.
Abstract and scope
Goal: Support collaboration and
knowledge exchange by
enabling Ambient Awareness, based on computer-based
actions and context
Proposition: A tag-cloud-based
framework for Context-Aware
notifications
First application environment:
Workspace (enterprise workers)
KnowledgeManagement
SocialNetworkin
g
Context-Awarenes
s
CSCW
* CSCW: Computer-Supported Collaborative Work
Ordre du jour
1.Motivation
2.Proposed solution
3.The Contextual Notification Framework
4.First results
5.Discussion
4 | Awareness without Overload | March 2009 Copyright © 2009 Alcatel-Lucent, d.r.
1 Motivation
5 | Awareness without Overload | March 2009 Copyright © 2009 Alcatel-Lucent, d.r.
Motivation
Office n°1
buy
Office n°2
sell
Office n°3
drive
Office n°4
test
People working in separate spaces lose visibility of their common context
they miss communication/collaboration opportunities
lack of capitalization leads to work duplication
6 | Awareness without Overload | March 2009 Copyright © 2009 Alcatel-Lucent, d.r.
Motivation : « 1.0 » communication tools
Office n°1
buy
Office n°2
sell
Office n°3
drive
Office n°4
test
Communication tools can help to increase awareness and initiate discussions
I want to buy a car.
Do you guys sell one?
Context 1.0: hierarchy
7 | Awareness without Overload | March 2009 Copyright © 2009 Alcatel-Lucent, d.r.
Motivation : « 1.0 » communication tools
Communication tools can help to increase awareness and initiate discussions
… BUT make Awareness very time-consuming!
SPAM!
My baby has just born
He is so cute!
Pills for sale
-80% !!!!
Office n°1
buy
Office n°2
sell
Office n°3
drive
Office n°4
test
I want to buy a car.
Do you guys sell one? I want to sell my car.
Anybody need one?
I like driving cars.
Can I test yours? I work for a magazine
Cars wanted for test
Context 1.0: hierarchy
8 | Awareness without Overload | March 2009 Copyright © 2009 Alcatel-Lucent, d.r.
Motivation : « 2.0 » communication tools
Can Social Networking Platforms help to increase Awareness in the
Enterprise ?
Context 2.0: content
9 | Awareness without Overload | March 2009 Copyright © 2009 Alcatel-Lucent, d.r.
Motivation
Can Social Networking Platforms help to increase Awareness in the
Enterprise ?
Content Sharing
Expertise Promotion
Social Notification
Context 2.0: content
10 | Awareness without Overload | March 2009 Copyright © 2009 Alcatel-Lucent, d.r.
Motivation
Can Social Networking Platforms help to increase Awareness in the
Enterprise ?
Numerous platforms
to maintain and followmanually...
Awarenessturns to
Overload
Context 2.0: content
11 | Awareness without Overload | March 2009 Copyright © 2009 Alcatel-Lucent, d.r.
Motivation
Can Social Networking Platforms help to increase Awareness in the
Enterprise ?
Content Sharing
Expertise Promotion
Social Notification
Filter
Enterpriseworker
ContributionsExpertiseActivitiesStatus
UpdatesContactsResourcesRecognition
Needed
Context 3.0: activity
12 | Awareness without Overload | March 2009 Copyright © 2009 Alcatel-Lucent, d.r.
2 Proposed solution
13 | Awareness without Overload | March 2009 Copyright © 2009 Alcatel-Lucent, d.r.
Proposed solution
Office n°1
buy
Office n°2
sell
Office n°3
drive
Office n°4
test
People working in remote places lose visibility of their common context
they miss communication/collaboration opportunities
lack of capitalization leads to work duplication
??? ??? ??? ???
14 | Awareness without Overload | March 2009 Copyright © 2009 Alcatel-Lucent, d.r.
Proposed solution
Office n°1
buy
Office n°2
sell
Office n°3
drive
Office n°4
test
Contextual Notification Framework Filtered Ambient Awareness
conte
xt
notifi
catio
ns
conte
xt
notifi
catio
ns
conte
xt
notifi
catio
ns
conte
xt
notifi
catio
ns
15 | Awareness without Overload | March 2009 Copyright © 2009 Alcatel-Lucent, d.r.
Proposed solution – Use case
Alice Bob Carol
Contextual Notification Framework
conte
xt
notifi
catio
ns
conte
xt
notifi
catio
ns
conte
xt
notifi
catio
ns
Bob is working on a Java development project.
??? ???
16 | Awareness without Overload | March 2009 Copyright © 2009 Alcatel-Lucent, d.r.
Proposed solution – Use case
Alice Bob Carol
Contextual Notification Framework
conte
xt
notifi
catio
ns
conte
xt
notifi
catio
ns
conte
xt
notifi
catio
ns
Bob is working on a Java development project, and one module does not work...
??? ???
17 | Awareness without Overload | March 2009 Copyright © 2009 Alcatel-Lucent, d.r.
Proposed solution – Use case
Alice Bob Carol
Contextual Notification Framework
conte
xt
notifi
catio
ns
conte
xt
notifi
catio
ns
conte
xt
notifi
catio
ns
Bob is working on a Java development project, and one module does not work...
Alice and Carol have been developing this module.
??? ???
18 | Awareness without Overload | March 2009 Copyright © 2009 Alcatel-Lucent, d.r.
Proposed solution – Use case
Alice Bob Carol
Contextual Notification Framework
conte
xt
notifi
catio
ns
conte
xt
notifi
catio
ns
conte
xt
notifi
catio
ns
Bob is working on a Java development project, and one module does not work...
Alice and Carol have been developing this module.
Because she is also currently developing in Java, Alice is notified of Bob's problem.
BobSOS
!
Similar context
19 | Awareness without Overload | March 2009 Copyright © 2009 Alcatel-Lucent, d.r.
Proposed solution – Use case
Alice Bob Carol
Contextual Notification Framework
conte
xt
notifi
catio
ns
conte
xt
notifi
catio
ns
conte
xt
notifi
catio
ns
Bob is working on a Java development project, and one module does not work...
Alice and Carol have been developing this module.
Because she is also currently developing in Java, Alice is notified of Bob's problem.
BobSOS
!
Similar context
Transparent context updatesTransparent context updates
Contextually relevant notificationsContextually relevant notifications
New opportunities for communication and exchangeNew opportunities for communication and exchange
Less cognitive overloadLess cognitive overload
20 | Awareness without Overload | March 2009 Copyright © 2009 Alcatel-Lucent, d.r.
3 The Contextual Notification Framework
21 | Awareness without Overload | March 2009 Copyright © 2009 Alcatel-Lucent, d.r.
The Contextual Notification Framework - architecture
Contextaggregator
Desktop activity sniffers Social notifier
ContextualFilter
Enterpriseworker
Use
r’s
work
stati
on
Infra
structu
re
Interaction logs
(REST interface)
High level context
Proposednotifications
22 | Awareness without Overload | March 2009 Copyright © 2009 Alcatel-Lucent, d.r.
User
Framework
KB
Low-level data and events
Categorization
Aggregation
The Contextual Notification Framework – Theoritical dataflow
Filtering and aggregation
Personalization
Synthesis
Notifi-cation
User'scontext
UC1 UC3UC2
Evt
EvtEvt
Event
23 | Awareness without Overload | March 2009 Copyright © 2009 Alcatel-Lucent, d.r.
The Contextual Notification Framework – Context and Events
The Event:
Identifies an Action (or interaction)
From a person / an agent
At a given timestamp
The Contextual Cloud:
Contains weighted tags Represents the subject / topic of the event
Tags might hold additional attributes e.g. Freshness, origin, reasoning path...
Event
24 | Awareness without Overload | March 2009 Copyright © 2009 Alcatel-Lucent, d.r.
The Contextual Notification Framework – Context and Events - Examples
The Event:
Identifies an Action (or interaction)
From a person / an agent
At a given timestamp
The Contextual Cloud:
Contains weighted tags Represents the subject / topic of the event
Tags might hold additional attributes e.g. Freshness, origin, reasoning path...
Bob is trying to compile a moduleBob is trying to compile a module
Adrien's browsing topic changedAdrien's browsing topic changed
Pierre contributed to the reportPierre contributed to the report
survey social networking mashup
community facebooktwitter ambient
awareness people
report deliverable
project-Thunderms-word WP5
contribution comments
partners minutes
Event
25 | Awareness without Overload | March 2009 Copyright © 2009 Alcatel-Lucent, d.r.
The Contextual Notification Framework – Context and Events – Detailed example
The Event:
Identifies an Action (or interaction)
From a person / an agent
At a given timestamp
The Contextual Cloud:
Contains weighted tags Represents the subject / topic of the event
Tags might hold additional attributes e.g. Freshness, origin, reasoning path...
Event
com.eclipse.compile()com.eclipse.compile()
alcatel-lucent.com/~bobalcatel-lucent.com/~bob
2009-03-17 14:15.012009-03-17 14:15.01
Origin: localhost:80/firefox?tabsOrigin: localhost:80/firefox?tabs
development(13)...development(13)...
Bob is trying tocompile a module
Bob is trying tocompile a module
26 | Awareness without Overload | March 2009 Copyright © 2009 Alcatel-Lucent, d.r.
4 First results
27 | Awareness without Overload | March 2009 Copyright © 2009 Alcatel-Lucent, d.r.
Appendix: Intended context providers
Done
Copyright © 2009 Alcatel-Lucent, d.r.
First results – from web navigation to contextual clouds
Web page: « Getting started with extension development – Mozillazine Knowledge
Base »
(about Firefox programming)
http://kb.mozillazine.org/Getting_started_with_extension_development
29 | Awareness without Overload | March 2009 Copyright © 2009 Alcatel-Lucent, d.r.
User
Framework
KB
Low-level data and events
Categorization
Aggregation
First results – instantiating the framework
Filtering and aggregation
Personalization
Synthesis
Notifi-cation
UC1 UC3UC2
Event
Contextualcloud
Stopwords
Browsed web pages (events)
Keyword extraction(del.icio.us...)
Aggregation
User'scontext
Event:Opening,closing,focusingon a page
Evt
EvtEvt
Cloud similarityevaluation
Similarity graph
Sidebar
30 | Awareness without Overload | March 2009 Copyright © 2009 Alcatel-Lucent, d.r.
First results – current implementation
Contextaggregator
Desktop activity sniffers Social notifier
ContextualFilter
Enterpriseworker
Use
r’s
work
stati
on
Infra
structu
re
Interaction logs
Contextual cloud
Proposednotifications
SemanticProxyWeb service
KeyphraseExtractionAlgorithm
Del.icio.usREST API
Internet
HTML Metaextractor
Firefoxsniffer
Firefox tabevents
Sidebar
Similaritygraph
Copyright © 2009 Alcatel-Lucent, d.r.
First results – comparing four context cloud extractors
• Fixed weights
• Irrelevant words
• Works for all
• No weights
• Weird literals
• Some keywords
• Needs learning
• Weights = occurrences
• Technologies and entities
• Not descriptive
• Good weight distribution
• Clear topics
• Not for all pages
Collaborative annotation
gives a better description
of the context
Discussion
33 | Awareness without Overload | March 2009 Copyright © 2009 Alcatel-Lucent, d.r.
Discussion
Contextual Notification Framework to enable Ambient Awareness
Logging user actions on his workstation
Contextual cloud synthesis for event propagation
Context similarity evaluation for filtering relevant
notifications Next steps Iterative improvement of software In-lab experiment to evaluate user acceptance and
quality of logic Generalization of the framework (outside the enterprise)
34 | Awareness without Overload | March 2009 Copyright © 2009 Alcatel-Lucent, d.r.
www.alcatel-lucent.comwww.alcatel-lucent.com
35 | Awareness without Overload | March 2009 Copyright © 2009 Alcatel-Lucent, d.r.
References
P. Dourish and V. Bellotti. Awareness and coordination in shared workspaces. In CSCW '92:
Proceedings of the 1992 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work , pages 107-114, New York, NY, USA,
1992. ACM.
C. J. Amelung. A context-aware notification framework for developers of computer
supported collaborative environments, PhD thesis, University of Missouri, 2005
J. B. Ellis, S. Wahid, C. Danis, and W. A. Kellogg. Task and social visualization in software
development: evaluation of a prototype. In CHI '07: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors
in computing systems, pages 577-586, New York, NY, USA, 2007. ACM.
A. Sarma, D. Redmiles, and A. van der Hoek. Empirical evidence of the benefits of workspace
awareness in software configuration management. In SIGSOFT '08/FSE-16: Proceedings of the 16th ACM
SIGSOFT International Symposium on Foundations of software engineering, pages 113-123, New York, NY, USA, 2008. ACM.
J. T. Biehl, M. Czerwinski, G. Smith, and G. G. Robertson. Fastdash: a visual dashboard for fostering
awareness in software teams. In CHI '07: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing
systems, pages 1313-1322, New York, NY, USA, 2007. ACM.
A. Joly, P. Maret, and J. Daigremont. Context-awareness, the missing block of social networking.
International Journal of Computer Science and Applications, 4(2), 2009.
36 | Awareness without Overload | March 2009 Copyright © 2009 Alcatel-Lucent, d.r.
Background on CSCW
Computer-Supported Collaborative WorkPrevious works
[Dourish'92]: “Shared Feedback”:
Human annotation of tracked actions on documents Add useful context information, and avoid duplication
[Amelung'05]: Context-Aware Activity Notification System (CANS):
Based on Sakai Collaboration & Learning Environment (web platform)
Social context only: “current membership, the collective goals of individuals”
– Context = project / community of practice !
Basically, an adaptive publication/subscription system for web-based communities
Applied workspace awareness systems:
Collaborative bug tracking [Ellis'07]
Configuration management [Sarma'08]
Collaborative software development [Biehl'07]
37 | Awareness without Overload | March 2009 Copyright © 2009 Alcatel-Lucent, d.r.
Research issues
Open questions for next steps
How to model events and their context ?
How to generate homogeneous contextual clouds ?
How to filter the contextual information ?
How to evaluate context proximity ?