ARCHITECT D’ART MADE BY: NALIN BHATIA

ISHITA BHARTIA

Hector guimard

Ref: http://www.designtop100.com/designer/info/hector-guimard

THE FORMATIVE YEARS

1867

1882-1885 1885 1888

Born in Lyon

Ecole Nationale des Arts Decoratifs Paris

Ecole des Beaux- Arts

Interiors of Au Grand Neptune

Major Event Around 1893

Visit to Brussels and meeting with Victor Horta

INFLUENCES-

VIOLLET le DUC - French theorist best

known for his work Entretiens.

ANATOLE de BAUDOT – a student of

Viollet and Guimard’s master at Beaux- arts

VICTOR HORTA- Art Nouveau style

architect of Belgian origin

JAN TOOROP - artist

Evolution of Guimard’s Design Style

Ecole du sacre couer (1895) Style- Structural Rationalism Inspiration- Viollet- le- Duc ’s Entretiens

Castel Beranger (1894) Style- Art Nouveau Inspiration- Victor Horta’s Hotel Tassel

Guimard’s House (1910) Style- Urban, precisely assembled brick and dramatically sculptured stonework

Ref: http://berkshirereview.net/2012/09/19/guimard-english/#.UmaJ6BAuu58 Ref: http://artnouveau.pagesperso-orange.fr/en/artistes/guimard.htm

Castel Henriette (1900) Style- loose, rustic, mixed media expression

Paris metro station entrance (post 1899) Style- Art Nouveau Spidery Ferro vitreous

Ref: http://artnouveau.pagesperso-orange.fr/en/artistes/guimard.htm

In architecture there are two necessary ways of being true. It must be true according to the programme and true according to the methods of construction. To be true according to the programme is to fulfil exactly and simply the conditions imposed by need; to be true according to the methods of construction, is to employ the materials according to their qualities and properties… purely artistic questions of symmetry and apparent form are only secondary conditions in the presence of our dominant principles. Eugene Viollet-le-Duc Entretiens sur l’ architecture, 1863-72 (2)

Inspiration from viollet-le-duc

Type of construction: Masonry Original use: Primary school Completed in: 1895 State: Partially demolished

ECOLE DU SACRE COUER

1895 The school was built by Hector Guimard for the buildings Society for Education and Recreation youth. 1983 The school was destroyed except the lower part of the façade with its pillars V. Present Currently, the school building was converted into condominiums.

Ref: http://www.flickriver.com/photos/51366740@N07/5054647848/

Ecole du Sacre Couer, Paris, 1895 Hector Guimard

Eugene Viollet-le-Duc, market place Entretiens sur l’ architecture, 1863-72

STRUCTURAL RATIONALISM

Ref: http://www.johnstuartarchitecture.com/Temporary_link_to_past_lectures_and_rosters_files/Lecture%203%20July%201%20Structural%20Rationalism.pdf

Ref: http://rubens.anu.edu.au/raid2/no_dgb/pics/10/large/guimard_1978_p28_rc020702.jpg

Elevations of Ecole du Sacre Couer

The façade is of polychromatic brick masonry.

Cast iron frame windows in pastel green

Vents with curvilinear grills typical of art nouveau

Ref: http://berkshirereview.net/2012/09/19/guimard-english/#.UmaJ6BAuu58 Ref: http://rubens.anu.edu.au/raid2/no_dgb/pics/10/large/guimard_1978_p29d_rc020702.jpg

Current condition of Façade of Ecole du Sacre Couer. The front façade rests on I-girder which is Supported by V-shaped columns V support in caste iron of Ecole du

Sacre Couer

FEATURES

Arches is brick masonry supported on the main girder through I-beams encased in Stone.

The capitals of the column are ornamented in typical art nouveau style derived from nature.

Ref: http://www.destinationeurope.net/hector-guimard-art-nouveau-architecture-in-paris/

CASTEL BERANGER

Ref: http://openbuildings.com/buildings/castel-beranger-profile-38773

ARCHITECT Hector Guimard LOCATION Paris, France BUILDING TYPE Apartment Complex STYLE Art Nouveau YEAR OF COMPLETION 1898

• The Castel Beranger is a six-storey high tenement of thirty-six apartments

• Inspiration- Victor Horta’s Hotel Tassel

• An important transitional work in his career.

• The ground floor plan of Castel Beranger demonstrates Guimard’s approach to applying Art Nouveau concepts in the plan.

• The overall plan is asymmetrical.

• The rooms branch off a central courtyard.

• Each apartment is designed differently

FLOOR PLAN

CENTRAL COURTYARD

VESTIBULE

MAIN ENTRANCE Ref: http://www.greatbuildings.com/cgi-bin/gbc-drawing.cgi/Castel_Beranger.html/Castel_Beranger_Plan.jpg

ELEVATIONS The elevation also shows that that building is completely asymmetrical. This is shown through different use of materials throughout the facade and placement varies across the façade. Windows of different shapes and sizes are used.

The structure is embellished by materials like brick, stone, iron and ceramics

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Brick masonry arches integrated with rubble masonry in stone.

Ref: http://perso.numericable.fr/gv1900/uk_fragrance1900/uk_castelgalerie1.htm Ref: http://www.pbase.com/seebee/image/70751992/original

FACADE TREATMENT

Curvilinear wrought iron grills on windows

Cast iron seahorse like figurines cling to the facade

Hippocampi or mask like figures on the railing

Ceramic art at the base of corner windows.

Ref: http://artnouveaugrupo9.blogspot.in/2012/01/arquitectura-castel-beranger-por-hector.html

ART NOUVEUA ELEMENTS

THE VESTIBULE

Molded Terracotta Tiles

Stencilled ceiling with Curvy whiplash lines.

Cast iron retaining bars forming an arch show patterns from Nature.

ENTRY GATE

Arch resting on two Stone columns

The base and capital of the columns are sculpted in such a manner that they seem to grow out of the stone itself.

Asymmetrical wrought iron gate showing curvy and whiplash lines

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Curvilinear lines incorporated even in elements such as balustrades and door handles

Stained glass windows

Brick and stone texture on exteriors with cast iron pastel green window frames again with curvaceous lines.

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JAN TOOROP INFLUENCE

Jon Toorop- Dutch

Indonesian artist

Graphic artist for Horta (2)

Ref: http://www.oilpainting-frame.com/picture/image-34007.htm

The three brides

Ground Floor and Mezzanine plan Hotel Tassel- Victor Horta 1893

Ground Floor plan of Castel Beranger Hector Guimard

Analysis of Plan

Simple geometrical plan

True to program as per Entretiens

Presence of Vestibule

Ref: http://hanser.ceat.okstate.edu/6083/victor_horta_tassel.htm Ref: http://www.greatbuildings.com/cgi-bin/gbc-drawing.cgi/Castel_Beranger.html/Castel_Beranger_Plan.jpg

Main Staircase of Castel Beranger Hector Guimard

Bottom of Staircase Hotel Tassel Victor Horta

Same serpentine natural forms

Material used is iron

Interior Analysis

Ref: http://www.flickr.com/photos/dalbera/5480999449/lightbox Ref: http://hanser.ceat.okstate.edu/6083/victor_horta_tassel.htm

Entry Gate Castel Beranger

Window Castel Beranger

Door Hotel Tassel

Ref: http://www.flickr.com/photos/dalbera/5480999449/lightbox/ Ref: http://hanser.ceat.okstate.edu/6083/victor_horta_tassel.htm

Exterior Façade Analysis

Hotel Tassel Victor Horta

Castel Beranger Hector Guimard

Stone Façade

Exposed Iron elements

Iron Bay window

Ref: http://openbuildings.com/buildings/castel-beranger-profile-38773 Ref: http://hanser.ceat.okstate.edu/6083/victor_horta_tassel.htm

Hotel Tassel Victor Horta

Castel Beranger Hector Guimard

Exterior ornamentation

Exposed iron

Natural Forms on terraces

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LOCATION Paris, France DATE 1899 to 1905 timeline BUILDING TYPE Light rail rapid transit stations CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM Iron and glass CONTEXT Urban STYLE Art Nouveau

PARIS METRO ENTRANCES

Ref: http://www.macklowegallery.com/education.asp/art+nouveau/Artist Biographies/antiques/Decorative+Artists/education/Hector+Guimard/id/25

• Guimard's greatest success here was his famous

entrances to the Paris Métro, based on the

ornamented structures of Viollet-le-Duc.

• The Métro designs remain among the most

recognizable and admired Art Nouveau examples

and have been faithfully restored and reproduced

in cities and museums outside of Paris.

METRO ENTRANCES

OPEN TYPE COVERED TYPE

Guimard designed 3 types of entrance. Built in cast iron, they make heavy reference to the symbolism of plants. 141 entrances were constructed between 1900 and 1912, of which 86 still exist.

ENCLOSED TYPE

Bréguet-Sabin Metro Station Abbesses metro station Porte Dauphine metro station

Ref: http://viaggiviniecucine.blogspot.in/2011/06/great-free-walking-tours-of-paris.html

FEATURES

The open type entrance features stem like posts holding red shade lamps which seem like tulips

The railing present in the open and covered types depict a shield.

Ref: http://www.victorianweb.org/art/design/artnouveau/9b.html

Glass covering on closed type

Glass covering on covered type

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Bibliography

Duncan, Alistair. Art Nouveau. London. Thames and Hudson Ltd., June 1994. ISBN 0500202737

Frampton, Keneth. K Modern Architecture. 3rd edition, London. Thames and Hudson Ltd., 1992.

ISBN 0500202575

Ayers, Andrew. The Architecture of Paris: An Architectural Guide. Axel Menges. Stuttgart, 2004.

ISBN 393069896X

Bucknall, Benjamin. Discourses on Architecture, Grove Press, New York, 1959.

Hector Guimard. Architect.<http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/place-london/plain/A673562>.

Biography of Hector Guimard.<http://hublotiere.free.fr/english/guimard.html>.

Pile, John F. A History of Interior Design. Laurence King Publishing, 2005. ISBN 0471464341.

artarchitecture.com/Temporary_link_to_past_lectures_and_rosters_files/Lecture%203%20July%201%20Structural%20Rationalism.pdf