Windows

WINDOWSIntroduction: Windows is the latest desktop version of Microsoft windows service. It is an operating system. It controls the hardware of our computer and interpreters the introduction from our software and operating system to the hardware including its screen, desk devices, memory and processing. When we use a menu command such as file, save windows is the driving process that rides the file to our hard disk. Windows is a multitasking feature of the windows to run more than one program at a time. It is uses as graphical interface (GUI) to allow us to get up through the use graphic picture instead up having two types of commands to the operating systems. It provides housekeeping, on line service, E-mail, wave set, games and other programs.

Versions of windows: The first successful version of the operating system was windows 3.0, which were released in 1990, the release versions were Windows 95, 98 and windows 2000 and windows-xp. Now the latest version of windows is windows vista. The number related with thus windows weans the year it’s releasing.

Types of windows: Windows to windows all are single user, multitasking operating system. It helps us to do more than one program at a time for using windows a mouse is used. Quite frequently and most of time left mouse button is used by the user. Windows is the best operating system in the world has been divided in to two types (1)Application windows (2)Document windows

Application Windows: It contains programs that you are running and working with paint, notepad, ms-excel, most of the program are done in application window Document window: A document window allows us to have multiple documents open at once, in separate document windows. Instead of running Ms-word

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several times in separate application windows, we just like run it in one application windows and open several document windows within it.

Features of windows-xp:-After opening the computer windows-xp screen will appear that

screen is known as “desktop”. The computer boot that means it installs windows-xp successfully. It helps or co-ordinates between the user and the computer. In the desktop, different types of icons, start button, system tools and taskbar display on it.

Basic components of windows:The basic components of windows are divided into 8 types.

Title bar Control icon Menu bar Minimize button Close button Maximize button Scroll bar Status bar

Title bar:It is a colored bar on the top of the screen. It contains the name or

title of the windows which is currently open. It moved around the

desktop using this title bar.Control icon:

A control icon is situated on the top left side of the screen. When we click on this icon, it contains the some command or menu such as restore, move, and size, minimize, maximize, minimize and close. Through these commands, we can move, resized and closed.Menu bar:It is located right under the title bar. It contains names of various menu options. Clicking on one of the names in this bar causes

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the drop-down menus to appear. These drop-down menus have different command relevant to the contents or selected items in the window.Minimize button:

It helps us to minimize or reduce the window desktop.Close button:

By clicking the close button, the current window can be closed or shutdown.

Maximize and restore button:By clicking the maximize button enlarges the active window so

that it fills the entire desktop. The restore button replaces the maximize button after the window is enlarged. Clicking the restore button returns the window to its previous size.

Restore button maximize buttonScroll bar:

Scroll bar are provided on right side and/or button of the window, if there is data more than one screen of the window. The desktop can display two types of scroll bar such as horizontal scroll bar and vertical scroll bar. By Vertical scroll bar, we can move up or down to the document. By horizontal scroll bar, we can move to the right or left to the document.

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Vertical scroll bar

Horizontal scroll bar

Scroll point

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Status bar: It contains information or message related or active of the window. It shows the information or the current position of the data feed by a user.

Combo box:It appears initially as a rectangular box containing the current

selection. It is used give the user the list of choice from which a user can select any one choice. It is used at places where they are many items from which user select any one item. It is also known as drop-down list box. It is not accepting some parameter like file name or path from the user.

Text box:This control is generally found on a dialog box. It is used accept

some parameter like file name or path from the user.

List box:It is used to give the user a least of choice from

which user can select one or more choice. If there are more choices than can fit in the box, scroll bars are provided so we can through the list. Clicking on a particular choice makes the selection out of the given choices at a particular time.

Command button:Command button initiates action. The most command buttons are

ok and cancel. To confirm what is being displayed in the window, we click the ok button and to discard click cancel.Dialog box:

In the windows the dialog box is very useful and inserting components

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which perform a small task of a specific program. The windows we use while making changes to settings are called dialog box.

Message box:The windows that display some message from the system are called

message box. A message box is similar to a dialog box but it expects the user input in the form of clicking only one of its command buttons such as ok, yes, no and cancel.

Option buttons:They represent a group of mutually exclusive options. It expects us

to select only one of the options from the listed ones. If we already have one option selected, we current selection replaces it. The selected option button contains a black dot. This button also known as radio button.

Check box:It is used to give the user a list of choice from which user can may or may not select one or multiple choice. When a check box is selected, it contains a tick mark.

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Note:To select the option click on the check box or press the space box.

To clear the box (i.e. to remove the tick mark) , click again in the check box or press the space bar.Desktop area:

Desktop area is defined by size of the screen area. Depending on the resolution set 640x480 is the default screen setting. All icons shortcut taskbar and new channel bar are in the desktop area. In windows the desktop by default consist of different.

My computer My documentRecycle bin InternetNetwork neighbor

hood

My computer:It is an icon found on the desktop which when opened display the

currently available drive of the system.My document:

It is special type of folder which stored the file created by Microsoft applications like ms word, ms power point, ms excel, ms point.Recycle bin:

It is an application of windows which hold the file and folder deleted by the user. This facility is available in windows to prevent accidental deletion of file. When we delete the file or folder it gets temporary delete and stored in the recycle bin. If we went to recover the file then we have to open the recycle bin and restore it. But we went to delete the file permanently then empty it. Network places: This application allows us to access the computer connected to the LAN. (Local area networking)

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Internet: It is the browser which each freely provided by the Microsoft by

the Microsoft corporation with windows operating system. Browser is a special type of application system using which we can access the internet. Task bar:

The task bar is a very important window object. It contains the start button, application button, system tools and other tools that can also contain quick lunch bar.

Start Menu:Start button is used to display the start menu and then execute a

program. When the programs begin, the taskbar display a button with an icon along with a description of running program. If you click the start menu the program as display cascading manner support, run, log off and turn off etc. The main functions of start menu are like.

1. It always available even if we are opening the application.2. It displays the program on your system. 3. It provides easy access to recently open data document. 4. It Actifed the windows-xp and helps us to working with it

Application button:When an application button is launched windows with display

corresponding application button on the taskbar. An active application will have its button repressed.Icon and shortcut:

Icons are small bit map picture which represents a file or a folder or an application. When icons are lunched program or applications are

lunched the icons in the desktop are and quick lunch are called shortcut in cons easily created. On the basis of what the icons represented, there are three different type of icon in windows.

Group option(internet, game, accessories ) Program icon(windows media player, DVD, calculator, paint

box) General icon (folder, shortcut)

Customizing task bar:

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To make the taskbar customizing, right click on taskbar button choose properties. The customizing taskbar so sent dialog box which contains these properties.Lock the taskbar: It locks the taskbar it doesn’t allow only program for quick lunch.Customize taskbar: This option automatic hide the taskbar while running any program. The task bar will be displayed while we move the cursor of the mouse towards the position of the taskbar. Click the taskbar on top of the window: It is a default option and the taskbar allows shown to user.Group similar taskbar button: This option makes more than one opened window in a group.Show quick lunch: Application can turn easily from quick lunch bar. As the name suggest by user out having to go down to levels of start menu. This option is used to show the quick lunch icons on the taskbar.Show the clock: This option is used to show the clock on taskbar.Hide inactive icons: This option is used to hide the active icons which are on the taskbar.1. Change the desktop screen:

Right click on the desktop blank area.(display the refresh dialog box)

Then click on properties. Display the properties dialog box.

Then click on desktop tab button.Then select the only one item from

the background list box.Then click on apply and ok button.

Screen Saver:A screen saver is primarily a running program that keeps the

screens characters for getting turn in screen. A screen saver display and mates fun screen during the computer ideal times. To select the screen saver that comes windows-xp as follows.

1. Right click on desktop, then select programs. 2. In properties selected screen saver tap.

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3. Select screen saver from the list of box.4. Select the preview button to see the screen, and then move the

mouse goes to dialogue box. Folder:

It is just like a container which contains different sub folders and files. We can’t write any important information in the folder. A folder is nothing but a directory which can contain of zero, one or more file and subfolder. The maximum length of a folder name can be up to 256 characters. The minimum length of a folder name can be up to 1 character. It is used to store similar type of files. It doesn’t have any extension name. Every folder has a name.Subfolder:

When folders present inside another folder, then it is called subfolder. File:

It is named memory location stored an external storage device. It is used to store a huge amount of data for future reference. The information is written in a specific format as a file. The maximum length of a file name is 256 characters. The minimum length of a file name is 1 character. It can consist of ‘A’ to ‘Z’, ‘a’ to ‘z’, 0 to 9 and all special character except /, \, *, :,?, “, >, <, |. It stores all of our data, presentation; graphics in specific formats may be a.doc, a.txt or a.bmp.

Drive:A drive is a logical division of a disk. It may cover the entire disk or a

position of disk. Sometime one disk is logically divided into two or more of drives. Every drive has got a name which is called drive name or drive letters. Creating Shortcut:

It provides easy access to the program and file that we use most. A short cut does not change the documents location. It just let’s see you open it quickly. We can create a short cut to for desktop and other devices etc.Windows explorer:

Windows explorer provides a graphical way to organize our file or folder. It enables us to explorer our network, recycle bin, configuration folders and others. The explorer is a much improved version as compare

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to the other previous window versions. Window explorer gives earliest and quickest way of viewing and accessing files and folders. The default explorer screen is divided and panel. It is two types.

Left panel Right panel

Left panel contains all files and folders while clicking a file and folder in left panel, the contents of the file or folder will be displayed on right panel.

2. How to start windows explorer. Right click on the start button. Go to explorer and select it. Or press Windows key+ E.

3. Create a folder:Right click on the blank area where we want to create a folder.Display the refresh dialog box.Then click newfolder.

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It will display a folder icon with cursor clicking after the default name new folder.

Give a new name and then click on it.

4. Create a file:Right click on the blank area where we want to create a file.Display the refresh dialog box.Then click new and then choose a specific file that we want to create

and click on it.It will display a file icon with cursor clicking after the default name

new file.Give a new name and then click on it.

5. How to open any folder or file. Right click on the item what you want to

open. Select open option using left click of

mouse. Or Double click on it.

6. Delete to the file or folder.Right click on the file or folder which we want to delete.Display the dialog box.Then select and click to the delete option.The system displays a message box having yes or no questions. If we want to delete, then click on yes button otherwise no button.After deleting any file or folder from recycle bin .if we want to delete

the file or folder from recycle bin go thorough above maintained process.

If we want to delete a file or folder directly file from memory then press shift +delete.

7. Rename to the file or folder.Right click on the folder or file to which we want to rename.Display the dialog box.Then select and click to the rename option.We will see cursor blinking after the name.

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Give a new name and then click on it.

8. To Copy to the file or folder.Right click on the folder or file which we want to copy.Display this dialog box.Then select and click to the copy option.Or The short cut key for copy is ctrl+c.

9. To Paste to the file or folder.Right click on the blank area where we want to paste file or folder.Display the dialog box.Then select and click to the paste option.Or The short cut key for copy is ctrl+v.

10. Arrange the files or folders.Right click on the blank area where we want to arrange files or

folders and click on arrange icon by option. It displays a list of menus containing name, size, type, modified,

showing groups, auto arrange.Selecting name options the files or folders are arranged according to

their name.(A to Z)Selecting type options the files or folders are arranged according to

their types.Selecting size options the files or folders are arranged according to

their size.Selecting modified options the files or folders are arranged according

when it is modified or constructed.Selecting show in group options it arranged the files or folders in

group.

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11. Set the time and date:Click on start buttoncontrol panel--> date, time, language and

regional optionsdate and time. OrRight click on right click on the system tool button and click on adjust date and time.

Display the date and time properties dialog box.Set the date and time.Then click on ok

button.

12. Create a shortcut:Right click on the

blank area where we want to create a create shortcut.Display the refresh dialog box.Then click

newshortcut. (display the creating shortcut dialog box)

Type the file name which you want to create a short cut.Or Click on browse button then choice the file name and click on ok button.Click on next command button.Then click on finish command button.

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13. Step to the file search:Click on start buttonsearch. (Display the search dialog box).Or Short key use press on windows key+f.

Choice the option all files and folders from the explore bar.Then type the file name in the all or part of the file name text box.Click on search command button.

14. Step to make a file or folder read only and hidden:Right click on the particular file and folder.Click on the properties.See the properties dialog box. Click on read only or hidden check box which we want to active.Click apply and ok command button.

15.Working shutdown:Click on start button.Then start menu is displayed.Click on the turn off or shutdown so that a box will be displayed has

three options.

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Stand By: clicking on this the system is going to stand by that means the system can’t be turn off. The user can open it system at any time quickly.

Turn off: clicking on this the system is going to turn off that means the system totally closed.

Restart: it takes the system automatically turn off and again.

NOTEPADNotepad is application software and a simple text editor. The

default extension notepad file name is .txt. It is present under the accessories group. It is used to store same text for feature reference. Parts of notepad are title bar, menu bar, status bar, scroll bar and work area.

16. Step to open the notepad.Click on start buttonall program

Accessoriesnotepad.

New: create a new text file.Open: open an existing text file.Save: save the current text file.Page setup: it is used to customize the printing page.Print: To print currently open text file.

17. Open to existing notepad file.

Click fileopen. (Display the open dialog box)

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Work area

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Then write the file name in file name text box.Select the location which the file saved from the look in drop down

list box.Then click open command button.

18. Save to the current document. Write the content of our current document. click the filesave.(display the save as dialog box)

Write the file name at file name combo box inside save as dialog box.

Click save command button.

Edit menu:Undo (ctrl+z): this command used for delete the text entity and reverses the running command.Redo (ctrl+y): this command reports the previous command.Cut (ctrl+x): it cuts the selected text.Copy (ctrl+c): it copies the selected text.Paste (ctrl+v): it pastes the cut or copied item. It inserts the recently cut or copied item.

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19. For cut the text.Select the first paragraph or text to which you want to cut.Click editcut.

20. For copy, pastes the text.Select the first paragraph or text to which you want to copy.Clicks editcopy.Then select the area where you want to paste our text or

paragraph.Then again click editpaste.

Delete: This command used for clear the content of a selected text.Find (ctrl+f/f5): it used for search a specific text inside the document.Replace (ctrl+h): it replaces the finding text.Go to (ctrl+g /f5): it reaches the user at specific page no which one you want to be enter.

21. To finds and replaces the text. click editreplace.(display the find and replace dialog box)

Write find word in the find word text box.Press tab to go to the replace with text box.Write replace word in the replace with text box.Click find next.Click replaces.Click ok when word flashes a message box saying that “word has

finished searching the document “.Click close.

Select all (ctrl+a): it selected all the indents of the current document.Date /time: insert the current date and time.

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Word wrap: When it is on then notepad automatically move the cursor to he next line and not display the status bar option. It is used to activate the word wrap and allow the user to write in the single line.Font: by this command we can insert the font page, font style, font size.

22. Change font style.Select the title. click formatfont.(display the font dialog box)

Click in font list box to select the font for the text. Click in font style list box to select the font style for the text.Click in font size list box to select the font size for the text.Click ok command button.

View menu:To access the submenus of the view menu click on view and click

on particular submenu or press “alt+v”. In this menu there is only on e submenu named as status bar.Status bar: It is used to active or inactive the status bar which is present in the bottom of the editor however we can active when ward wrap is inactive mode.

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WORDPADIt is application software. It supports file management editing and

formation of text. It supports three different files such as Document file (.doc), Rich text file and Text file. Parts of WordPad are title bar, menu bar, status bar, scroll bar, tool bar, formatting bar, ruler and work area.Feature of WordPad:

Alignment of paragraphsFormatted the characters in to any font, size, style and also any

character to insert.Provide facility to view the document before the printingUse of tab setting in the textCreate document in different format

23. Step to open the WordPad:Click on start button.Click on the all programs or programs.Go to accessories.Click on WordPad.

File menu:Print preview: it is used to show the current page in a printing paper format before printing.Send: it is used to send the current document through e-mail.Edit menu:Paste special: it is used to paste the copied or the cut text in a specific format. This format may be word pad document, picture format, rich text document format and unformed text document.

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Tool bar

Formatting bar

Ruler barWork area

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24. Step to use paste special:Copy some text.Go to edit menu and then

click on paste special option.

Then select paste link option button.Then we have to select any one of the above 4 format from the

format list box and then click on ok command button.

View menu:This menu has fallowing submenus such as tool bar, Format bar,

ruler, status bar, option. The tool bar, Format bar, ruler, status bar submenus are used to hide and unhide specific bars presents in the WordPad document.Option: this submenu is used to active and inactive different tool bars and word wrap.

25. How insert the date and time to the current opened document. Click on insertdate and

time. Display the date and time

dialog box.

Then choose only one format from the format list box. Then click ok button.

Font:

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This is as similar to the font present in the notepad, but it contains some extra features like effect and color. Through effect we can make our statement strikeout and underline and combo box we can change color of the text.Bullet style: It adds the bullets to the specific text or paragraph.Paragraph:

Through paragraph sub menu, we can indentation of the current page that means we can give margins, spacing to a specific paragraph. By using this paragraph sub menu, we can set alignment. In WordPad there are three alignments such as left, right and central.Tabs:

It is used to set the tabs position so that it creates some column.

PAINTThrough paint we can create, edit and view pictures using paint.

We can draw pictures and graphics designs. We can paste a paint picture

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into another document that we have created or used it as our desktop background. The extension name of paint file is .bmp.

26. Step to open the paint.Click on start button.Click on the all programs or programs.Go to accessories.Click on paint.

Tools description:Free form select tool: it is used for free style selection of area.Select tool: it is used to select a rectangle area draw the convex.Eraser/color eraser tool: it is used to erase a portion of drawing.Fill with color tool: it is used to fill a bounded area with a specific color.Pick color tool: it is used pick a color from one area of convex to another convex.Magnifier tool: it is used to increase or decrease the size of the convex.Pencil tool: it is used for drawing.Brush tool: it is used for brushing.Air brush tool: it is used for spray color.Text tool: it is used to write a text on the convex.Line tool: it is used for draw a line.Curve tool: it is used for draw a curve.Rectangle tool: it is used for draw a rectangle.Polygon tool: it is used for draw a polygon.Ellipse tool: it is used for draw an ellipse.

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Drawing sheet

Tool box

Color box

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Rounder Rectangle tool: it is used for draw a rounded rectangle.

27. To use a picture as your desktop background Save the picture. On the File menu, click either of the following commands: Set as Background (Tiled) covers the desktop with repetitions of

your picture. Set as Background (Centered) places your picture in the center of

the desktop.

28. To change the size of your picture On the Image menu, click Attributes. Under Units, click the unit of measurement you want to use for

the width and height. Type the measurements in Width and Height.

29. To display gridlines On the View menu, point to Zoom, and then click Custom. Under Zoom to, click a percentage of zoom greater than 200

percent, and then click OK. On the View menu, point to Zoom, and then click Show Grid.

30. To enlarge the size of the viewing area On the View menu, click View Bitmap. Your picture fills the entire viewing area. To return to your former

view, click anywhere in the picture.

31. To flip or rotate a picture or object In the toolbox, click Select to select a rectangular area or click

Free-Form Select to select a freeform area. Draw a box around the item you want to flip or rotate. Below the toolbox, select one of the following: Click to apply an opaque background. Click to apply a transparent background. On the Image menu, click Flip/Rotate. Click one of the options under Flip or rotate.

32. To copy color from one area or object to another In the toolbox, click Pick Color. Click the area containing the color you want to copy.

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In the toolbox, click Fill with Color. Click the object or area where you want the new color.

33. To show or hide the toolbox To show the toolbox, on the View menu, click Tool Box. A check mark appears when the toolbox is shown. To hide the

toolbox, on the View menu, click to clear the check mark.

34. To use black and white instead of color On the Image menu, click Attributes. Under Colors, click Black and white.

Note: If you change back to color, only new work will be in color.

35. To erase an entire image If any part of the image is selected, click outside of the selected

area. On the Image menu, click Clear Image.

36. To create custom colors In the color box, click the color you want to change. On the Colors menu, click Edit Colors. Click Define Custom Colors. Click the color swatch to change the Hue and saturation (Sat), and

then move the slider in the color gradient to change the luminescence (Lum).

Click Add to Custom Colors. 37. To erase a small area

In the toolbox, click Eraser. Below the toolbox, click an eraser size. Right-click a color in the color box if the color you want to erase

with is different from the current background color. Drag the pointer over the area you want to erase.

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