WASHEQ PPT Afternoon session 2011

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OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY RISK ASSESSMENT IN THE WORK PLACE

Ing. William Amuna Volta River Authority

OUTLINE

Health and Safety (General) Profile of Volta River Authority Risk Assessment VRA Reasons for Risk Assessment Hierarchy of risk control measures Constraints on the control of risks in the work place Conclusion Question Time

INTRODUCTION

Work place occupational health and safety is an area which deals with ensuring the protection of workmen regarding their health, safety and welfare. For this purpose, occupational health and safety programmes and legislation have been initiated to foster a safe work environment.

New legislation is enacted resulting from

international working groups and organizations raising awareness of particular work practices which continue to cause death and serious injury.

PROFILE OF THE VOLTA RIVER AUTHORITY The Volta River Authority(VRA) was established on

April 26, 1961, under the Volta River Development Act, Act 46 of the Republic of Ghana, with the core business to generate and supply electrical energy for industrial, commercial and domestic use in Ghana.

VRA started with the development of the hydroelectric potentials of the Volta River and the construction and maintenance of a nation-wide grid transmission system. Today, it has expanded into thermal generation to complement inadequate capacity for hydro generation.

HYDRO Having an initial installed capacity of 588MW with 4 units

in 1965, the hydro capacity was increased to 912 MW in 1972 with 2 additional units

In 2005, the Akosombo Generating Station capacity was

again increased to 1020MW after successful completion of a Retrofit Project which involved the replacement of turbine runners to increase efficiency.

The Kpong Generating Station, down stream of

Akosombo, commissioned in 1982, also has a capacity of 160MW.

THERMAL In 1999, a 330MW Combined Cycle Thermal Plant

was commissioned in Aboadze, followed by a 220MW Simple Cycle in 2000.

Between 2005 and 2009, VRA has added an additional 255MW thermal generation in Tema.

In 2009, the transmission function was hived off into a separate entity, designated National Grid Company (GRIDCo) to perform the transmission activities.

So currently, VRA is mainly into generation, though it is still handling distribution in the northern part of the country.

RISK ASSESSMENT The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines RISK

as the measure of the probability that damage to life, health, property, and /or environment will occur as a result of a given hazard

Risk assessment is the process of evaluating risks to workers’ safety and health from workplace hazards. It is a systematic examination of all aspects of work that considers:

what could cause injury or harm whether the hazards could be eliminated and, if not what preventive or protective measures are, or should be, in

place to control the risks.

VRA’S NON FORMAL RISK ASSESSMENT

The usual practice when operational staff are assigned to a job activity, is that they normally hold a “tail board conference” where the job to be done is discussed and all safety issues are discussed and decisions finalized.

In 2010, Management tasked Technical Services

Department to come up with a more structured way of conducting risk assessment at the workplace and therefore a simple template was developed which adapts the British Safety Council method of risk assessment to suit VRA’s operational needs.

RISK ASSESSMENT, VRA

SAFETY POLICY STATEMENT To create a working environment in which the level of risk

to employees and equipment are reasonable and accepted.

Safety hand books for staff The Corporate Safety Hand Book which sets out the

Safety Policy and Safety Management Administration of the Authority.

RISK ASSESSMENT, VRA CONT’D

The Corporate Safety Rule Book which outlines detailed guide on safe work practices in all our operational activities and finally

The Standard Protection Code which is issued to govern the actions of all operating and maintenance staff of the Authority the execution of their duties.

RISK ASSESSMENT, VRA CONT’D

SAFETY ACTIVITIES Safety Programmes are drawn out for the year Safety meetings are held weekly with topics

extracted from the safety handbooks Work area inspections are held monthly Issues identified are discussed in a WASACO

meeting Safety issues for which solutions are not found are

referred to the Central Safety Committee Meeting which has the Chief Executive as the Chairman with all Departmental Heads as members

SAFETY ACTIVITIES (CONT’D)

VRA Safety Management Unit is initiating a process to provide symbolic safety signage such as Firefighting, mandatory, warning and prohibitory signs at its generating stations. These would be displayed at the entrances to the generating stations and various vantage points within those plants.

We are also ensuring the provision of emergency

evacuation building plans displayed on all floors of VRA building facilities. These will show escape routes to be followed during emergency evacuations.

FIVE STEPS TO RISK ASSESSMENT 1. Identify the Hazard This is the process of identifying all the hazards that exist in

the workplace. You need to be aware of all the possible hazards, but it is the significant ones that are important.

There are four main categories of hazards namely; Physical Hazard Slipping or tripping hazards Moving parts of machinery Work at heights

Chemical Hazard Fire (e.g. from flammable materials) Chemicals (e.g. battery acids) Biological Hazard Dust Bacteria Ergonomic Hazard Manual handling Poor lighting

2. Who Might be harmed and How This is the process of determining who may be at risk from the

hazards — the groups of staff and others likely to be affected in the case of an incident involving the hazard.

It is important to consider the wider implications of hazards, not just as they may affect those working in the immediate environment

3. Evaluate the Risks This is the process of assessing the significance of the

risks and what needs to be done to protect people. The key question is: Have precautions been taken to

protect the identified groups against the risk from the identified hazards?

Where any existing measures do not appear to be adequate action needs to be taken

Types of Evaluation Qualitative Evaluation is the comprehensive identification

and description of hazards from a specified activity, to people or the environment.

Quantitative Evaluation is the application of methodology

to produce a numerical representation of the frequency and extent of a specified level of exposure or harm, to specified people or the environment, from a specified activity.

4. Record Your Findings The significant findings of the assessment must be

recorded and kept. There should, then, be a record of all hazards, the risks that they present and what precautions are in place to protect people from harm

The record needs to cover all significant risks and state the current position.

5. Review Assessments and Revise if Necessary The way we work is constantly changing — as a result of

new or modifications of existing equipment, building alterations, new procedures, new or modified products, etc. Sometimes systems and procedures get changed by the staff themselves.

VRA RISK ASSESSMENT EVALUATION

The VRA risk assessment evaluation combines the qualitative and quantitative methods discussed earlier to derive a risk rating.

Thus, risk assessment is defined as the determination of the potential impact of an individual risk by measuring or assessing both the likelihood that it will occur and the severity of injury should it occur, and then combining the result according to an agreed rule to give a single measure of potential impact.

LIKELIHOOD Likelihood Description Rating

Unlikely Occurrence close to zero 1

May Happen Capable of taking place 2

Likely Tend or inclined to occur 3

Very Likely High inclination of occurrence 4

Certain Most definitely happen – not ‘if’ but ‘when’

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For example let’s consider an extension cable across the entrance of an office door thereby creating a trip hazard. The likelihood of someone tripping would be discussed by the team and if they adjudge it to be very likely based on accident history, interviews and experience, then with reference to the table above the value 4 is chosen

SEVERITY Severity Description Rating

Minor Injury First Aid on site 1

Minor Injury Treatment off site 2

2 to 4 day Injury Treatment at Hospital 3

Major Injury Amputation, Incapacitation, Disfigurement, etc Hospitalization >= 5 days

4

Death 5

Using the first example of the trip hazard we now consider the severity of the injury should someone trip. If in the judgment of the team the injury will be minor which requires treatment offsite, then the number 2 is chosen with reference to the table above.

Using the risk assessment matrix below with severity 2 against likelihood 4, the risk rating then becomes 8

RISK ASSESSMENT MATRIX

Certain (5) Very Likely (4) Likely (3) May Happen (2) Unlikely (1)

Death (5) 25 20 15 10 5

Major Injury (4) 20 16 12 8 4

2 to 4 days injury( 3)

15 12 9 6 3

Minor Injury (treatment off site) (2)

10 8 6 4 2

Minor Injury (First aid on site) (1)

5 4 3 2 1

.

Score Priority Action 1-5 Low Represents low risk although control measures must be

maintained

6-10 Medium Action plan - 1 month

11-19 High Action plan - 2 weeks

20-25 Very High Action plan – Immediate to 1 week

the table below now shows action plan to be taken following the risk assessment. in our example the risk assessment was rated as 8 therefore the action to be taken should be completed within one month as it falls in the 6-10 score range

VRA RISK ASSESSMENT FORM

Hazards Persons at risk

/numbers affected

Existing control measures

L S R Proposed Control Measures

L S R Action Date

Cable Across office entrance

12 None 2 4 8 Create a trunk for the cable

2 1 2 Take action within one month by supervisor

One month after assessment

23/4/11

S=Severity L=Likelihood R=Risk rating

Below is the VRA risk assessment form designed to address all the five steps in the risk assessment process.

Using the trip hazard example, the first column under hazards will be ”extension cable at entrance to office”.

In the second column the number of persons at risk could be estimated by the team to be 12.

Existing control measures is none. The Severity, S=2 and Likelihood, L=4 resulting in risk

rating, R=8. The next column indicates proposed control measures

after which another risk rating is taken. In this case creating a trunk for the cable will reduce the likelihood, L to 1 with the severity, S=2 should someone trip. This results in the risk rating reducing to 2 falling into the 1-6 scale in the action plan table,

BENEFITS OF RISK ASSESSMENT The introduction of risk assessment based health and safety

management has resulted in: an improved health and safety culture with managers taking a

proactive approach to risk and safety management. fewer accidents, and less loss time through ill-health. where the working conditions within an organization have

improved ,these would seem to be the obvious benefits. these, in turn, will lead to fewer insurance claims and possibly

lower premiums.

HIERARCHY OF RISK CONTROL MEASURES

Eliminate the hazard Reduce the risk at source: Use a less risky option Isolate and Segregate: This is to prevent access to the

hazard Systems of Work: Organize work to reduce exposure to the

hazard Provide personal protective equipment (PPE) and provide welfare facilities

CONSTRAINTS ON THE CONTROL OF RISKS IN THE WORK PLACE

Financial Management Perceptions Resistance to change Time

CONCLUSION

It is imperative to deepen the participation and process of risk assessment at our workplace. It is quiet an easy process and must be studied and practiced at all work places. Improving health and safety in the workplace need not be expensive.

The hard work has already been done, a better approach towards assessing risks has been developed let us all endeavour to use it to help create a safer and healthier workplace for all.

IF YOU THINK SAFETY IS EXPENSIVE, TRY ACCIDENT

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Dominga Omolara Odebunmi, Fellow of the Royal Society of Public Health, UK. Member of the British Standards Institutes (BSI), lead auditor [OHSAS 18001, ISO 22000, ISO 9001], an open board member of the UK Food Standard Agency and a science, technology, engineering & mathematics ambassador, UK. Holds a masters and bachelors in sciences, consumer studies and a risk analyst. Has minimum of 25years entrepreneur and academic experience; all encompassing in the field of SAFETY from engineering, consumer, socio-economic and management point of view.

WASHEQ 2011 LSC; Dominga Odebunmi

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THE VISION OF THE STATE; AFRICA’S MODEL MEGACITY, A GLOBAL ECONOMIC & FINANCIAL HUB THAT IS SAFE, SECURE, FUNCTIONAL AND PRODUCTIVE Its MISSION is to eradicate poverty and promote economic growth through infrastructural renewal and development.

Is it fair to say that every development in Lagos is a step towards achieving Africa’s Millennium Development Goals (MDG)


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hers.


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Topography of Lagos The smallest state in Nigeria, occupying 3577sqkm; 22% is water Africa’s Model Mega City…….

The Birth of Lagos Safety Commission; Timely with the state’s vision and The Law


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International/Federal/State/LG Liaison; Self-Regulatory System procedure for effective safety implementation Regulations to address many looming dangers

LSC IS FOCUSED, DEMONSTRATE STRENGTH, APPROACHABLE, AUTHORITATIVE & OF WORLD CLASS STANDARD


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APPROACH

Leadership & Commitment Safety Management Style

based on Risk Prioritization

High frequency and High Impact

Low frequency and Low Impact

Effect on the following domain: Fire, Workplace, Construction, Food, Home,

Transport, Environment, Public Safety

•Population, Economy, Socio-development, Global commitment, Legislation


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Training within the organization & invest in capacity and competence.

Bridging Gaps, Liaison and collaboration with other agencies and private sectors for consistent intervention. Enhanced communication strategy to effectively manage stakeholders expectations and compliance through public enlightenment campaigns and behaviour change communication.


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Traffic Safety School Club for school children (LASTMA/MOT) initiative HOME SAFETY: Community based enlightenment seminar – Safety begins at Home. EVENTS SAFETY: Safety Assessment (Safety Starts With You) event stakeholders; following some fire outbreaks at event centre


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Highlights of our first Event:

Decorating of his Excellency, the Governor of Lagos State, Mr. Babatunde Raji Fashola (SAN), as the

N0. 1 Safety Champion. Bagged the first safety award in Nigeria given by; Nigerian Institute of Safety Professionals Creativity Award Also the Inauguration of 40 Safety Champions from the first set of public service safety champions for MDAs.


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VISIT TO LAWMA PRESENTING COMPLIANCE PLAN TO SAFETY COMMISSION


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MITIGATING MEETING AT NIGERIAN PORTS AUTHORITY for Port trucks, crane, tankers on Lagos Roads


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FIRE/DROWNING POT HOLES MANHOLES PITS BOREHOLES WELLS COLLAPSE BUILDING

WEAK STRUCTURES ACUTE & CHRONIC O.H. ROAD ACCIDENTS FOOD POISONING – very common DERMATITIS ETC………


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SO DO IT RIGHT THE FIRST TIME

PROFIT AND SAFETY.

The following are suggested;

SPECIAL BUDGETS Government driven

Top Management Safety Knowledge

RETURN ON INVESTMENT (ROI)


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Why? Safety+Developing World=improved GDP

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VISION

TO PROACTIVELY MAKE SAFETY A LIFESTYLE IN LAGOS STATE A WORLD CLASS CITY AND MAINTAIN THE LEADING CHANGE

MISSION DEVELOP POLICIES AND STRATEGIES THAT WILL BUILD A SUSTAINABLE SAFETY CULTURE, REGULATE THROUGH A CO-ORDINATED SYSTEM OF SAFETY GOVERNANCE FOR EFFECTIVE SOCIO—ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OUR GOAL THIS YEAR; TO ACHIEVE A STRUCTURE THAT SUPPORTS EFFECTIVE SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ACROSS BOARD


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IF WE CAN DO IT, YOU CAN DO BETTER


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ENHANCING MINE CLOSURE FRAMEWORK IN GHANA

For Promotion of Sustainable Development

- AN INSIGHT FOR POLICY REVIEW -

Presented by:

Dipl-Ing. Koduah Dapaah, M.Eng; PGD (Mgmt); PMP; MSME (Certified Engineer & HSE Manager)

West Africa Safety, Health, Environment & Quality Conference September 23, 2011 La Palm Royal Beach Hotel, Accra - Ghana

CONCEPTS / IDEAS, DEFINITIONS

Environment – Physical and Social aspects

Decommissioning – break up, dismantling & removal and ensuring safety & security

Reclamation – earth works i.e. contouring, flattening & sealing, stabilization

Topsoil spread – Load, Haul, Dump & Spread of topsoil (viz. humus and/or oxide soil)

Revegetation – transfer of selected healthy seedlings from nursery onto field for planting

Care & maintenance – weeds, insects & erosion control, mulching, seedlings replacement, growth monitoring

Rehabilitation – reclamation, top-soiling, revegetation, care & maintenance, stabilization

Biodiversity – combination and diversity of life forms (return of diverse species of fauna & flora)

Restoration – Rehabilitation, biodiversity assessment, self-sustaining & viable ecosystem

CONCEPTS / IDEAS, DEFINITIONS – cont’d

Stakeholders – regulators, host communities, employees, share-holders, NGOs, civil society

Resource Conservation/management – prolonging useful life of material through re-use, recycling etc.

Mine Closure – Financial assurance, Restoration, monitoring, dialogue & disclosure, relinquishment & walk-away, sustainable development, social license

Sustainable Development – sustaining improved technical, social, economic & environmental aspects/capacities

Post Mining Land-use – enhancing investment options of mined-out lands with relatively reduced (social) risks

Closure Certification – regularized close-out documentation

CONCEPTS / IDEAS, DEFINITIONS – cont’d

Closure Depletion of mineable reserves within physical limits of mining area Unexpected changes/deterioration in geological conditions Changes in market conditions Financial non-viability Adverse environmental conditions Adverse political conditions or social disruption Changes in external economic factors

Kinds/modes of Closure

Planned closure – culminates in tenement relinquishment Unplanned closure – force majeure Temporary closure – temporary cessation of operations; under care & maintenance

Phases of Closure Planning

Initial Closure Plan Interim Closure Plan Final Closure Plan

Completion Criteria – Primary, Land use & Final Completion

WHAT IS GOING ON?

Exemplified in:

• Ayanfuri Gold Mine of former AGC Experience?

• Bonte Gold Mine Experience?

• Mpasatia Gold Mine of former AGBL/AABL experience?

• Resolute Amansie experience?

• Decommissioning of ADR Plant @ AGA Iduapriem Mine experience

• Other experiences– known and unknown; in and outside Ghana

CURRENT SYSTEM/FRAMEWORK

Reclamation Security Agreement with Environmental Protection Agency; Mining Regulation; common practices & practical examples rely on:

• Compliance with legislative requirements

• Progressive Rehabilitation requirements

• Stable landforms, Public safety, self-sustaining ecosystem

• Closure criteria/phases

• Post-mining land use options

CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL FINANCIAL ASSURANCE

Current Practice:

• Minerals Commission & EPA are jointly responsible for mine closure; and the EPA is responsible for the implementation and management of the financial surety.

Surety instruments – Mostly, Bank Guarantee, cash, Insurance scheme etc.

Scope Financial Surety:

• No definite aspects of mine closure; as EPA defined all aspects including transfer immovable assets, return of site to pre-mining status, physico-chemical stability of reclaimed site

Level of financial surety:

• based on full reclamation costs; not specified on which i.e. first, second or third party

Review: 2 year basis

Release:

• Surety is retained for 3 years following completion and returned to proponent in full; however, period is extended to 7 years if there is AMD

Experience:

• so far only one has been closed that had financial surety in place. Level of financial surety was sufficient to fund all closure costs

CHALLENGES OF CURRENT SYSTEM/FRAMEWORK

Strengths: 1. Enhanced awareness in mine closure planning

2. Conscious effort and desire of mining companies and allies to do the right thing

3. Signing or in the process of signing reclamation security agreement with the EPA

4. Appointment and Availability of competent personnel to handle mined-out land rehabilitation and some sort of closure planning

Weaknesses: 1. Lack or inadequacy of exemplary and functional leadership

in mine closure and post closure sustainability within the industry

2. Sustainability of Resolute Amansie “success” story?

3. Lack or inadequacies of reproducible data for proper planning e.g. cost/schedule

4. Lack or inadequacies of policy direction on sustainable development agenda

5. No definite technical and costing/financial model (i.e. no existing cost estimation framework)

6. Lack or inadequacy of national/regional strategic framework on mine closure planning

7. Lack or inadequacy of functional procedural management in mine closure, post closure, relinquishment, walk away and certification

CHALLENGES OF CLOSURE FRAMEWORK – cont’d

Opportunities Threats

Opportunities (that may be missed if not strategically planned): 1. Promotion of sustainable development

2. Promotion of community sustainability through poverty reduction /eradication, wealth creation and enhancing alternate job creation

3. Promotion of social license (basic right to do business profitably) for corporate future

4. Trust in mining company-community relationships enhanced

5. Promotion of business-of-tomorrow

6. Businesses’ mission fulfilled and stakeholders’ values sustainably enhanced

7. Win-win for all

Threats: 1.Conflict of interest regarding preferred land use options

2.Disenchantment against mining

3.Potential collapse of mining industry

4.Unpredictability of market and investment climate

5.Galamsey destroying rehabilitated/restored mined-out areas through sand wining, gold or other ore re-mining and stone cracking

6.Enhances litigations

DESCRIBE THE FUTURE, DEFINE IDEAL

There is a fundamental divide between the interests of mining companies and the interests of the communities where mining takes place. However,

- the increasing expectation for promotion of sustainable development on both divide;

- desires for reduced human safety and health risks;

- converting environmental liabilities into viable closure assets;

- competition for land with increasing value of natural environment as enhanced investment option;

form the basis to present principles, ideas and guidelines for regional/national strategic policy framework, capacity enhancement, institutional re-orientation that can yield a sustainable mix of social, economic and environmental superior outcomes with certainty; and, all driven by technological innovations and advancement.

DESCRIBE THE FUTURE, DEFINE IDEAL

Key Objectives of enhanced mine closure are to:

1. Prevent or minimize adverse long-term socio-economic and environmental impacts

2. Create self-sustaining and viable ecosystem

3. Create sustainable & viable employment and social outcomes

4. Enhance long term resource stewardship

5. Transfer and Enhance technological capacities (technological innovations & advancement)

6. Promote community sustainability

7. Promote Entrepreneurship

RATIONAL AND CONCLUSION

There is a search for bridging the gap on fundamental divide between the interests of mining companies and the interests of the communities where mining takes place. The search however should in no way be seen as impediments to dynamic market economy driven by technology, entrepreneurship, sustainability and to individual liberties Society’s effort to bridge the gap must be organized around strategic goals that simultaneously represent the desired objectives of promotion of sustainable development for both sides of the divide – Mining Houses & Host communities Rather than on mere environmental activism based purely on political ideologies (i.e. tango between socialism & capitalism; or idealism & realism), self-seeking secular benefits, etc.

RATIONAL AND CONCLUSION

Improvements in all facets of our development must be based on techniques of sustainable development framework with pragmatic objectives and principles, and with periodic re-assessments, dialogue and disclosure, reflecting on the challenges of the times such as global financial crises, corporate future, poverty eradication/reduction and above all promotion of sustainable development with emphasis on community sustainability. Let us re-define criteria for sustainable mine closure completion by improving on the existing one with the challenges of the time (Break-through improvement). Thus, the re-defined sustainable mine closure plan should form a model or standard for the national or regional strategic mine closure framework underpinned by definite strategic direction of the national agenda on sustainable development, especially within host mining communities in Ghana, and perhaps West Africa Region, if not Africa as a whole.

EXAMPLE OF MINE LAYOUT

Open Pit

In-Pit Adit

Level Access

FAW Decline

RAW

RAW Access

FAW Access

AN EXAMPLE OF MINE-SITE NURSERY

EXAMPLE OF STOCKPILE

AN EXAMPLE OF TAILINGS DAM FOR REHABILITATION

AN EXAMPLE OF REHABILITATED TAILINGS DAM

T H A N K S

&

“G L U E C K A U F”

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Emergency Preparedness & Response: Case Study from Sohar Refinery, Oman.

WASHEQ Conference. 23 September 2011

Presented by : Ing. Ken Yeboah 73

Sohar Refinery - Sohar

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Sohar Refinery – Brief Profile

Oman Refineries & Petrochemicals Co. (ORPC) consists of Mina Al Fahal (MAF) Refinery in Muscat and Sohar Refinery located in Sohar.

MAF has been in operation since 1982 while construction of SR commenced in 2004.

SR plants commissioned in 2006 with an installed capacity of 116,400 bpd of feedstock.

SR Complex is made up of: Hydrocarbon Process units

Utility plants

Off-site facilities

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Products

Crude Oil

Atm. Residue

76,400 bpd

40,000 bpd

LPG

Propylene

Naphtha

Gasoline

Kerosene

Gas Oil

Fuel Oil

Sulfur

Electricity

14,648 bpd

12,713 bpd

8,515 bpd

44,930 bpd

9,042 bpd

30,446 bpd

5,113 bpd

155t/d

100 MW

Sohar

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Emergency Preparedness

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All industrial undertakings are prone to incidents, but the stakes are even higher in oil and gas processing facilities.

An emergency situation is an incident which poses an immediate risk to life, health, property or the environment, and which requires immediate remedial action.

In an oil refinery, emergency scenarios could include fires and explosions, plant upset, hydrocarbon spillages, hazardous gas releases, medical emergencies, natural disasters, etc.

Emergency Preparedness

Sohar Emergency Preparedness

Safety Management in Sohar Refinery is viewed from two perspectives:

1. Systems and practices for the avoidance or prevention of accidents; and

2. Procedures for the protection from exposure to undesirable events or reduction of the consequences of the outcome.

The second point, which deals with emergency preparedness and response, is the focus of this short presentation.

There are three emergency levels in Sohar Refinery;

level 1, level 2 & level 3.

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At Sohar Refinery, the key to rapid and effective response to incidents is preparedness; this consists of a documented Emergency Response Plan (ERP), coupled with available resources, trained personnel and excellent communication infrastructure.

The Objectives and Leadership Commitment in the SR ERP are to provide an effective, systematic and yet comprehensive procedural framework to ensure:

1. Containing and controlling incidents so as to minimize the effects on people, environment and properties.

2. Communicating the necessary information to the workforce, public and authorities concerned.

3. Speeding up the recovery processes for both people and the business & clean up of the environment.

Sohar Emergency Preparedness & Response

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Well equipped and highly trained Emerg. Response Unit (Fire Station)

New Fire Trucks with boom facilities and high foam storage capacities

Emergency response buses, pick-up vehicles and ambulance

High capacity fixed and trolley-mounted mobile foam monitors

Well laid-out network of Fire & Gas detection system for continuous monitoring of gas leaks around the clock.

Two Plasma Screen Display Monitors: One at MCB and the other at Fire control Room at Fire station with Audio-visual display

Manual alarm call points, emergency siren and public address system

Readily available and well maintained fire water system

Deluge system provided for critical equipments: vessels / tanks/ pressurized storage tanks, etc.

Regular rehearsal (drills) on possible emergency scenarios

Mutual Aid Agreement with major companies within the Sohar Industrial Port Area.

Emergency Preparedness Arrangements

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SR Emergency Response Organization

Emergency ResponseEmergency Siren

& Announcement over Public Address System

14 Operation ShiftFire Crew

5 HSE Shift Fire Crew

30 back up fire crew

Civil Defense Crew(Oman Fire Service)

Mutual Aid Partners

Fire Engines

Ambulance

On-SceneCommander

Forward Control Centre setup

Emergency Control CenterUnder Incident Commander

Shift Superintendent acts as the OSC until relieved by SR Fire Chief (Head of FP&FF)

All personnel except Operation & Emergency Response Team move to assembly points:

ASSEMBLY POINTS

2 Lab. Shift Fire Crew

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Emergency Control Centre Serves as the communication link between the support teams and the On-

scene Commander. Serves as the headquarters for the Incident Commander (CEO) 1. Advisory Group Managers: Technical Services, Reliability, HSE & Production Planning &

Marketing 2. Chief Coordination Group Public Affairs Coordinator Amenity & Transport Coordinator Material Coordinator & Financial Support Equipment & Maintenance Coordinator Electrical & Communication Coordinator HSE Coordinator Contract Manpower Coordinator Incident Recorder

SR Emergency Response Organization Activated for Level 2 & 3 Emergencies

HSE Fire Crews are sent out for industrial fire fighting training in the US (Nevada), UK and Muscat Fire College.

Operations and Laboratory (1st Line response crew) and Maintenance (2nd Line response crew) are trained on-site at the SR fire fighting grounds.

Periodic emergency mock drills are carried out to ascertain the effectiveness of the ER Plan.

This enables review of the plan to ensure continual improvement.

Frequency of Drills

Levels1 & 2: Annually

Level - 3: Once in two years

Training & Competency

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Industrial accidents, particularly in the petroleum industry have always been very devastating.

Recent catastrophic incidents include BP Texas City (2005), Buncefield - UK (2005), Jaipur Oil Depot Fire - India (2009) Tesoro Corp. Refinery - US (2010), TOR Loading Gantry Fire - Ghana (2010), Pembroke Chevron Oil Refinery - UK (2011).

At ORPC - SR, we understand that we are not totally immune from the aforementioned incidents, and therefore commit enormous resources and efforts at preventing such catastrophes in our refinery.

No matter how effective an emergency response infrastructure maybe, the costs associated with industrial accidents are so prohibitive.

Thus our continual drive for excellence in HSE Management, and we believe this has no finishing line…….

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Conclusion

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Thank you

Oman Refineries and Petrochemicals Company – Sohar Refinery P. O. Box 282, P. C. 322, Falaj Al Qabail, Sohar, Sultanate of Oman Telephone: +968 26851000 Fax: +968 26851211 http://www.orpc.co.om

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WASHEQ Conference 2011

The Scourge ofThe Scourge ofg‘MANUAL HANDLING’in the Construction

g‘MANUAL HANDLING’in the Constructionin the Construction

Industryin the Construction

Industry

Presented by Daniel A. Anoff MSc. Pg. Civil Eng. AMIDE ICIOB


IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction

•• Annually, over 20% of all injuries in Annually, over 20% of all injuries in the Construction Industry were the Construction Industry were

t i d hil t ll lifti dt i d hil t ll lifti dsustained whilst manually lifting and sustained whilst manually lifting and handling materials or equipment. handling materials or equipment.

•• TThe Construction Industry accountshe Construction Industry accounts•• TThe Construction Industry accounts he Construction Industry accounts for 25% of all injury accidents.for 25% of all injury accidents.

•• All manual work involves lifting andAll manual work involves lifting and•• All manual work involves lifting and All manual work involves lifting and handling to some extent. handling to some extent.


Manual Handling ‘Ride’Manual Handling ‘Ride’Manual Handling RideManual Handling Ride

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BEFORE BEFORE AFTERAFTERDURING DURING


Aim of the PresentationAim of the Presentation

•• T i f H lth d S f tT i f H lth d S f t

Aim of the PresentationAim of the Presentation

•• To improve awareness of Health and Safety To improve awareness of Health and Safety on Construction Project Sites.on Construction Project Sites.

•• To gain an understanding of the principles ofTo gain an understanding of the principles ofTo gain an understanding of the principles of To gain an understanding of the principles of Safer Manual Handling Techniques for both Safer Manual Handling Techniques for both loads and people. loads and people. T l i h th l k l t l tT l i h th l k l t l t•• To explain how the musculoskeletal system To explain how the musculoskeletal system can be used effectively to reduce the risk of can be used effectively to reduce the risk of injury.injury.injury.injury.

•• To explain safer handling principles and use To explain safer handling principles and use of safe system of work whilst moving and of safe system of work whilst moving and h dlih dlihandling.handling.


ContentContent11 DefinitionDefinition

ContentContent1.1. DefinitionDefinition2.2. StatisticsStatistics3.3. Anatomy Anatomy yy4.4. MechanicsMechanics5.5. InjuriesInjuries6.6. Risk AssessmentRisk Assessment7.7. LawLaw

GG8.8. GuidelinesGuidelines9.9. Kinetic Method of LiftingKinetic Method of Lifting1010 ConclusionConclusion10.10. ConclusionConclusion


1 Definition1 Definition1. Definition 1. Definition

•• Any activity requiring the use of Any activity requiring the use of forceforce exerted by a person to lift, exerted by a person to lift, lower, push, pull, carry or otherwiselower, push, pull, carry or otherwiselower, push, pull, carry or otherwise lower, push, pull, carry or otherwise move, hold or restrain any animate move, hold or restrain any animate or inanimate objector inanimate object.

•• The The fforceorce or or load load don’t need to be don’t need to be “heavy” or “awkward” to cause the“heavy” or “awkward” to cause theheavy or awkward to cause the heavy or awkward to cause the handler lasting health problemshandler lasting health problems.


2 Statistics2 Statistics2. Statistics2. Statistics

•• 37% Manual Handling37% Manual Handling

Summary of largest Summary of largest cause of accidents at workcause of accidents at work

37% Manual Handling37% Manual Handling•• 19% Slips, Trips and Falls19% Slips, Trips and Falls•• 12% Other Causes12% Other Causes•• 20% Struck by an Object20% Struck by an Object•• 7% Falling from Height7% Falling from Height•• 5% Machinery5% Machinery


3 Anatomy of the Human Body3 Anatomy of the Human Body3. Anatomy of the Human Body3. Anatomy of the Human BodyThe SpineThe SpineThe Spine The Spine It has three main functionsIt has three main functions1.1. To protect the spinal cordTo protect the spinal cordp pp p2.2. To allow movementTo allow movement3.3. To support the upper bodyTo support the upper body

The Complex SystemThe Complex SystemIt consist of the followingIt consist of the following1.1. Spinal CordSpinal Cord2.2. NervesNerves3.3. LigamentsLigaments4.4. Muscles & TendonsMuscles & Tendons


3 Anatomy3 Anatomy VertebraeVertebrae3. Anatomy3. Anatomy--VertebraeVertebrae

•• The vertebrae The vertebrae consist of consist of 33 bones: the top 24 are 33 bones: the top 24 are

Spinal Cord

separated by separated by discs.discs.•• Each vertebrae has 4 Each vertebrae has 4

j i t hi h blj i t hi h bljoints which enables joints which enables movement.movement.

•• The vertebraeThe vertebrae are largerare larger

Disc

•• The vertebrae The vertebrae are larger are larger towards the bottom of the towards the bottom of the spinespine Vertebraespine.spine.


3 Anatomy3 Anatomy DiscDisc3. Anatomy3. Anatomy--DiscDisc

•• Act Act as shock absorbersas shock absorbersFi l tt h d t t bFi l tt h d t t b

Nucleus

•• Firmly attached to vertebraeFirmly attached to vertebrae•• Poor blood supplyPoor blood supply

Annulus•• Annulus stretches and Annulus stretches and

relaxes during movementrelaxes during movement

Discsc


3 Anatomy3 Anatomy Disc cont’dDisc cont’d3. Anatomy3. Anatomy--Disc cont dDisc cont d

•• Repeated Repeated stresses can stresses can cause minute tears and cause minute tears and bulging of the bulging of the disk.disk.

•• Presses Presses on adjacent nerves on adjacent nerves and ligamentsand ligaments pinspins &&and ligaments and ligaments –– pins pins & & needles, pain, needles, pain, numbnessnumbness

•• Commonly Commonly called a slipped called a slipped dididiscdisc


3 Anatomy3 Anatomy MusclesMuscles3. Anatomy3. Anatomy-- MusclesMuscles

•• Muscles are bundles of fibre Muscles are bundles of fibre which enable movementwhich enable movement

•• Messages from the brain cause Messages from the brain cause them to contract and relaxthem to contract and relax

•• Connected by tendons andConnected by tendons and•• Connected by tendons and Connected by tendons and when muscles contract the when muscles contract the bones are drawn closer together bones are drawn closer together

•• A damaged muscle is called a A damaged muscle is called a strainstrain

3 Anatomy3 Anatomy Ligament & NervesLigament & Nerves3. Anatomy3. Anatomy--Ligament & NervesLigament & NervesLigamentLigament NervesNervesLigamentLigament•• Strong Strong fibrous tissuefibrous tissue•• Small degree of Small degree of

NervesNerves•• Millions of fibres Millions of fibres

transmitting electrical transmitting electrical S a deg ee oS a deg ee oelasticityelasticity

•• Stooped back posture Stooped back posture can result in permanentcan result in permanent

t a s tt g e ect cat a s tt g e ect caimpulsesimpulses

•• Vertebrae enclose and Vertebrae enclose and can result in permanent can result in permanent elongation elongation –– weakness weakness and painand pain

protectprotect•• Nerves branch out from the Nerves branch out from the

i l d di l d d•• Damaged if stretched Damaged if stretched too far and torn too far and torn –– called called a spraina sprain

spinal cord and pass spinal cord and pass between vertebraebetween vertebrae

•• Irritated nerves can be feltIrritated nerves can be felta sprain.a sprain. •• Irritated nerves can be felt Irritated nerves can be felt right along there length right along there length ––called sciatica.called sciatica.


4 Mechanic4 Mechanic of Manual Handlingof Manual Handling4. Mechanic 4. Mechanic of Manual Handlingof Manual Handling

•• Although mechanical Although mechanical equipment should be used equipment should be used whenever practicable muchwhenever practicable muchwhenever practicable, much whenever practicable, much of the work will inevitably of the work will inevitably continue to be done continue to be done manuallymanuallymanually. manually.

•• The risk of injury can be The risk of injury can be j yj ygreatly reduced by a greatly reduced by a knowledge and application knowledge and application of correct lifting and handlingof correct lifting and handlingof correct lifting and handling of correct lifting and handling techniques and by taking a techniques and by taking a few elementary precautionsfew elementary precautions.


4 Mechanic of Manual Handling4 Mechanic of Manual Handling4. Mechanic of Manual Handling4. Mechanic of Manual Handling

●● Balance point is through centre of body when Balance point is through centre of body when standing.standing.

•• A load held in front disturbs the balanceA load held in front disturbs the balance tensiontension•• A load held in front disturbs the balance A load held in front disturbs the balance -- tension tension is generated in the back muscles to compensateis generated in the back muscles to compensate

•• Forms a leverForms a lever effecteffectForms a lever Forms a lever effect.effect.•• Average person holding a 10kg load at arms Average person holding a 10kg load at arms

length generates a counterbalancing tension up length generates a counterbalancing tension up g g g pg g g pto 10 times more to 10 times more –– to avoid falling to avoid falling over. over.

•• High or repetitive levels of tension in the back High or repetitive levels of tension in the back dd ll d lll d l t it ican cause damage can cause damage –– called muscle called muscle strain. strain.


4 Mechanics4 Mechanics4. Mechanics4. Mechanics

Centre of Gravity Centre of GravityCentre of Gravity

Lever effect is reduced if load held closer to the bodyLever effect is reduced if load held closer to the body


4 Mechanics4 Mechanics4. Mechanics4. Mechanics

Graphic IllustrationGraphic Illustration‐‐ DDeformation of vertebrae when put under load strain eformation of vertebrae when put under load strain


5 Injuries5 Injuries5. Injuries5. Injuries

I j iI j i t it i d i t ld i t lInjuriesInjuries are strains are strains and sprains to muscles and sprains to muscles and joints, torn ligaments and tendons, disc and joints, torn ligaments and tendons, disc trouble and hernias. trouble and hernias.

●● These are often caused by These are often caused by sudden sudden and and awkwardawkward movements e g twisting ormovements e g twisting orawkward awkward movements, e.g. twisting or movements, e.g. twisting or jerking while lifting, jerking while lifting, or or handling heavy handling heavy loadsloads; lifting ; lifting loads beyond their physical loads beyond their physical capabilitiescapabilitiescapabilities. capabilities.

●● Back injuries are most frequently Back injuries are most frequently sustained while lifting and handling sustained while lifting and handling g gg gmanually. manually.



•• They may be the cumulative effect of They may be the cumulative effect of repeated minor injuries, or the result of an repeated minor injuries, or the result of an abrupt strainabrupt strainabrupt strain. abrupt strain.

•• Stoop Stoop lifting should be avoided; it greatly lifting should be avoided; it greatly increases the chances of sustaining back increases the chances of sustaining back i j ii j iinjuries. injuries.

•• Laboratory Laboratory tests show that the stresses tests show that the stresses imposed on a rounded back during stoopimposed on a rounded back during stoopimposed on a rounded back during stoop imposed on a rounded back during stoop lifting is six times that experienced if the trunk lifting is six times that experienced if the trunk is kept erect while bending at the kneesis kept erect while bending at the knees..



•• The muscles of the abdominal wall are The muscles of the abdominal wall are particularly vulnerable, and excessive particularly vulnerable, and excessive strain may lead to rupturesstrain may lead to rupturesstrain may lead to ruptures.strain may lead to ruptures.

•• Cuts and abrasions from rough Cuts and abrasions from rough surfaces, sharp or jagged edges, surfaces, sharp or jagged edges, , p j gg g ,, p j gg g ,splinters, projections, etc. splinters, projections, etc.

•• Protective clothing should be worn; Protective clothing should be worn; especially leather or PVC gloves toespecially leather or PVC gloves toespecially leather or PVC gloves to especially leather or PVC gloves to protect the protect the hands.hands.



•• The risk of injury is reduced by The risk of injury is reduced by knowledge of correct lifting knowledge of correct lifting techniques and not by attemptingtechniques and not by attemptingtechniques and not by attempting techniques and not by attempting to lift excessively heavy loads to lift excessively heavy loads without without assistance.assistance.

•• Crushing Crushing of limbs, etc. by falling of limbs, etc. by falling loads, or by fingers, hands or feet loads, or by fingers, hands or feet oads, o by ge s, a ds o eetoads, o by ge s, a ds o eetbecoming trapped by loads.becoming trapped by loads.


6 Risk Assessment6 Risk Assessment6. Risk Assessment6. Risk AssessmentBeforeBefore handlinghandling a load established the following:a load established the following:

●● What What has to be moved?has to be moved?Wh t d it i h?Wh t d it i h?

Before Before handling handling a load, established the following:a load, established the following:

●● How far does it have to How far does it have to b d d fb d d f●● What does it weigh?What does it weigh?

●● Can it be safely handled by Can it be safely handled by one person?one person?

be moved and from be moved and from where to where?where to where?

●● CanCan the process thatthe process thatone person?one person?●● Where is the load’s centre Where is the load’s centre

of gravity?of gravity?

Can Can the process that the process that requires it to be moved requires it to be moved be changed?be changed?C th b i dC th b i d●● Does it really have to be Does it really have to be

moved? moved? ●● WillWill assistance beassistance be

●● Can the move be carried Can the move be carried out more safely with out more safely with mechanical assistancemechanical assistance??●● Will Will assistance be assistance be

required?required?


6 Risk Assessment6 Risk Assessment6. Risk Assessment6. Risk Assessment

●● Suitable protective clothing should be wornSuitable protective clothing should be worn●● Suitable protective clothing should be worn. Suitable protective clothing should be worn. This may include gloves, safety footwear, safety This may include gloves, safety footwear, safety helmets, and special overalls if hot or corrosivehelmets, and special overalls if hot or corrosivehelmets, and special overalls if hot or corrosive helmets, and special overalls if hot or corrosive substances are to be carried.substances are to be carried.

●● Ensure that the lifting and lowering areas are Ensure that the lifting and lowering areas are g gg gclear of tripping hazards, and likewise check the clear of tripping hazards, and likewise check the route over which the load is to be carried.route over which the load is to be carried.

●● Not Not all loads need to be carried, of course. It all loads need to be carried, of course. It may be easiest to roll, slew or push them. But may be easiest to roll, slew or push them. But

i t i ht till b i d t id thi t i ht till b i d t id thassistance might still be required to avoid the assistance might still be required to avoid the risk of injury.risk of injury.


66 Risk AssessmentRisk Assessment66. Risk Assessment. Risk Assessment

•• Correct positioning of hands and feet in Correct positioning of hands and feet in relation to the movement of the load is relation to the movement of the load is essential. essential.

•• Timber Timber wedges should be used when wedges should be used when raising or lowering heavy loads to prevent raising or lowering heavy loads to prevent fingers and hands becoming crushedfingers and hands becoming crushedfingers and hands becoming crushedfingers and hands becoming crushed..


77 The LawThe Law77. The Law. The Law

•• The Health and Safety at Work The Health and Safety at Work etc. etc. Act 1974 (HASAWA)Act 1974 (HASAWA)Act 1974 (HASAWA)Act 1974 (HASAWA)

•• The Management of Health and The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999Safety at Work Regulations 1999Safety at Work Regulations 1999 Safety at Work Regulations 1999 (MHSWA)(MHSWA)

•• The Manual Handling OperationsThe Manual Handling Operations•• The Manual Handling Operations The Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992Regulations 1992



HASAWAHASAWAHASAWAHASAWA::

G l d hG l d h●● General duty to ensure the General duty to ensure the health, safety and welfare at health, safety and welfare at work of their employees Inwork of their employees Inwork of their employees. In work of their employees. In particular, they have a duty to particular, they have a duty to ensure the safe use, handling, ensure the safe use, handling, e su e t e sa e use, a d g,e su e t e sa e use, a d g,storage and transport of articles storage and transport of articles and substances so far as is and substances so far as is reasonably reasonably practicable.practicable.



MHSWRMHSWR::

●● Regulation 3(1) requires Regulation 3(1) requires employers to risk assess work employers to risk assess work

ti iti Thi i k tti iti Thi i k tactivities. This risk assessment activities. This risk assessment should identify whether there is a should identify whether there is a risk of injury from manual handlingrisk of injury from manual handlingrisk of injury from manual handling risk of injury from manual handling operations in the workplaceoperations in the workplace..



The Manual Handling OperationsThe Manual Handling OperationsThe Manual Handling Operations The Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992Regulations 1992::

•• These regulations are based on These regulations are based on an ergonomic approach toan ergonomic approach toan ergonomic approach to an ergonomic approach to preventing manual handling preventing manual handling injuries. This involves fitting the injuries. This involves fitting the j gj gjob to the worker, taking into job to the worker, taking into account anatomy, physiology account anatomy, physiology

d h ld h land psychology.and psychology.



TThese hese regulations require a regulations require a number of relevant factors to be number of relevant factors to be t k i tt k i t id ti d iid ti d itaken into taken into consideration during consideration during manual handling: manual handling:

These These are known as are known as TILE: TILE: ●● Task Task ●● Individual CapabilityIndividual Capability●● Load Load ●● EnvironmentEnvironment



●● Task: Task: What What is it about the way that we is it about the way that we organise the task which might affect organise the task which might affect our health and safetyour health and safety??our health and safetyour health and safety??

●● Individual Individual Capabilities: Capabilities: What is it about What is it about the people who are doing the job that the people who are doing the job that p p g jp p g jmight affect their health and safetymight affect their health and safety??

●● LoadLoad: : What is it about the load which What is it about the load which i ht ff t h lth d f ti ht ff t h lth d f t ??might affect our health and safetymight affect our health and safety??

●● EnvironmentEnvironment: : What is it about the place What is it about the place which might affect our health andwhich might affect our health andwhich might affect our health and which might affect our health and safety?safety?



These regulations set out a hierarchy of These regulations set out a hierarchy of measures employers should work throughmeasures employers should work throughmeasures employers should work through measures employers should work through to prevent or reduce the likelihood of injuryto prevent or reduce the likelihood of injury::

●● Avoid manual handlingAvoid manual handling●● Assess the taskAssess the task

R d th i kR d th i k●● Reduce the riskReduce the risk●● Monitor the taskMonitor the task●● Inform and train staff on residual risksInform and train staff on residual risks●● Inform and train staff on residual risksInform and train staff on residual risks


8 Guidelines8 Guidelines8. Guidelines 8. Guidelines

•• There is no such thing as a There is no such thing as a completely ‘safe’ manualcompletely ‘safe’ manualcompletely safe manual completely safe manual handling operation. But working handling operation. But working within the following guidelineswithin the following guidelineswithin the following guidelines within the following guidelines will cut the risk and reduce the will cut the risk and reduce the need for a more detailedneed for a more detailedneed for a more detailed need for a more detailed assessmentassessment.


8 Guidelines8 Guidelines8. Guidelines 8. Guidelines

Each box in the diagram above shows guideline weights for lifting and lowering


88 GuidelinesGuidelines88. Guidelines . Guidelines

S i l F tS i l F t i O tii O ti R h G idR h G idSpecial FactorsSpecial Factors in Operationin Operation Rough GuideRough Guide

Operation repeatedOperation repeated once or twice a minuteonce or twice a minute Reduce weightReduce weight by 30%by 30%

Operation repeatedOperation repeated five to eight times a minutefive to eight times a minute Reduce weightReduce weight by 50%by 50%p pp p gg gg yy

Operation repeatedOperation repeated more than 12 times/secondmore than 12 times/second Reduce weightReduce weight by 80%by 80%

‘Average’ Female‘Average’ Female Reduce weightReduce weight by 30%by 30%

HandlerHandler twist through 45 degreestwist through 45 degrees Reduce weightReduce weight by 10%by 10%

HandlerHandler twist through 90 degreestwist through 90 degrees ReduceReduce weight by 20%weight by 20%

HandlerHandler seated and twistingseated and twisting LessLess than 5kgthan 5kgHandlerHandler seated and twistingseated and twisting LessLess than 5kgthan 5kg

HandlersHandlers seatedseated About 5kgAbout 5kg

Pushing orPushing or pulling a load (assumed that force is pulling a load (assumed that force is About 25kg for starting or About 25kg for starting or applied with hands between knuckles and applied with hands between knuckles and shoulder height)shoulder height)

stopping astopping a load. About 10kg load. About 10kg for keeping a load in motionfor keeping a load in motion


99 Kinetic Method of LiftingKinetic Method of Lifting9. 9. Kinetic Method of Lifting Kinetic Method of Lifting

The weight that can be lifted by any individual willThe weight that can be lifted by any individual will●● The weight that can be lifted by any individual will The weight that can be lifted by any individual will vary according to personal physique, age, condition vary according to personal physique, age, condition and practice, and the techniques employedand practice, and the techniques employed..

●● Youthful exuberance and bravado often tempt Youthful exuberance and bravado often tempt younger employees to attempt to lift loads that are younger employees to attempt to lift loads that are too heavy While they may succeed in the shorttoo heavy While they may succeed in the shorttoo heavy. While they may succeed in the short too heavy. While they may succeed in the short term, long term damage may be doneterm, long term damage may be done..

LiftingLifting capacity declines with age and an oldercapacity declines with age and an older●● Lifting Lifting capacity declines with age and an older capacity declines with age and an older person may not be capable of lifting the same load person may not be capable of lifting the same load as a younger person; although this can be offset by as a younger person; although this can be offset by employing a better techniqueemploying a better techniqueemploying a better technique.employing a better technique.


99 Kinetic Method of LiftingKinetic Method of Lifting99. Kinetic Method of Lifting . Kinetic Method of Lifting

●● TheThe weight to be lifted must beweight to be lifted must be●● The The weight to be lifted must be weight to be lifted must be within the lifting capacity of the within the lifting capacity of the individual worker and the loadindividual worker and the loadindividual worker and the load individual worker and the load should be approached squarely, should be approached squarely, facing the intended direction of facing the intended direction of traveltravel..

●● TheThe feet are positioned about afeet are positioned about a●● The The feet are positioned about a feet are positioned about a hip’s width apart, one foot slightly in hip’s width apart, one foot slightly in front of the body. front of the body. yy


9 Kinetic Method of Lifting9 Kinetic Method of Lifting9. Kinetic Method of Lifting 9. Kinetic Method of Lifting

●● The The load is tilted with one hand (if load is tilted with one hand (if necessary) so that the other hand can necessary) so that the other hand can obtain a secure grip at the corner obtain a secure grip at the corner g pg pnearest the body. nearest the body.

●● The The free hand is then transferred to the free hand is then transferred to the furthest corner of the load and drawn as furthest corner of the load and drawn as close to the trunk as possible. close to the trunk as possible. c ose o e u as poss b ec ose o e u as poss b e

●● Arms Arms should be well tucked in to provide should be well tucked in to provide maximum support to the load.maximum support to the load.



●● The The load should be held firmly into load should be held firmly into the body and carried to where it is the body and carried to where it is t b d it dt b d it dto be deposited. to be deposited.

●● The The closer the centre of gravity of closer the centre of gravity of the load can be kept to that of the the load can be kept to that of the body the easier and more naturalbody the easier and more naturalbody, the easier and more natural body, the easier and more natural the lift. It is important to be able to the lift. It is important to be able to see over or around the load so as tosee over or around the load so as tosee over or around the load so as to see over or around the load so as to avoid tripping hazards.avoid tripping hazards.



●● When the weight is approaching the When the weight is approaching the maximum lifting capacity of the maximum lifting capacity of the individual it will be necessary to leanindividual it will be necessary to leanindividual, it will be necessary to lean individual, it will be necessary to lean back on the hips with the load to bring back on the hips with the load to bring the trunk to the erect position before the trunk to the erect position before t i ht i th l t lift th l dt i ht i th l t lift th l dstraightening the legs to lift the load. straightening the legs to lift the load.

●● In this instance the body is being usedIn this instance the body is being used●● In this instance the body is being used In this instance the body is being used simply as a counterbalance to keep simply as a counterbalance to keep muscular effort down to a minimum.muscular effort down to a minimum.



•• Grips should not be changed Grips should not be changed while carrying the load. First while carrying the load. First rest the load on a ledge or rest the load on a ledge or other firm support, then other firm support, then change the grip if necessarychange the grip if necessarychange the grip if necessary.change the grip if necessary.



WhenWhen large or awkward weights arelarge or awkward weights are●● When When large or awkward weights are large or awkward weights are involved, assistance should be soughtinvolved, assistance should be sought..

●● CoCo--ordinating team activity is important ordinating team activity is important in team lifting. One person should give in team lifting. One person should give directions during lifting, carrying anddirections during lifting, carrying anddirections during lifting, carrying and directions during lifting, carrying and lowering. lowering.

ProperlyProperly designed lifting aids will enabledesigned lifting aids will enable●● Properly Properly designed lifting aids will enable designed lifting aids will enable some tasks to be performed more some tasks to be performed more quickly and easily and also eliminate the quickly and easily and also eliminate the risk of injury or risk of injury or damage.damage.


10 Conclusion10 Conclusion10. Conclusion10. Conclusion

●● Musculoskeletal disorders Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the biggest cause of (MSDs) are the biggest cause of occupational ill health in theoccupational ill health in theoccupational ill health in the occupational ill health in the construction Industry. construction Industry.

●● This could be avoided if This could be avoided if management and workers didmanagement and workers didmanagement and workers did management and workers did their bit to make the workplace their bit to make the workplace safersafer. .


10 Conclusion10 Conclusion10. Conclusion10. Conclusion

FF th t t th b tt it’ ith t t th b tt it’ i●● From From the top to the bottom, it’s in the top to the bottom, it’s in everyone’s interest to keep everyone’s interest to keep themselves safe from injuries thatthemselves safe from injuries thatthemselves safe from injuries that themselves safe from injuries that are avoidable. are avoidable.

●● Unless everyone actually takes Unless everyone actually takes some action to improve the some action to improve the so e act o to p o e t eso e act o to p o e t esituation, nothing will change and situation, nothing will change and construction workers will continue construction workers will continue to be seriously to be seriously injured.injured.


REMEMBERREMEMBERREMEMBERREMEMBERPREVENTIONPREVENTION IS IS BETTERBETTER THAN THAN

CURECURECURECURE


THE ENDTHE ENDTHE ENDTHE END