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CULTURAL CONSIDERATION IN VERTICAL LIVING IN BRUNEI
DARUSSALAM
PRESENTERS
1. Mohd Hafidz Bin Haji Hassan / 09b12262. Siti Liyana Binti Abdul Rahim / 09b10413. Hjh Khairah Siregar bte Hj Hairudin /
09B11194. Nor Azeerah Bte Jasseri / 09b12005. Ak Hj Ahmad Adib Bin Pg Hj Aji / 09b11686. Ak Md Syahir Fadillah bin Pg Salleh / 09b10077. Md Amalul Ariffin Bin Abd Azis 09b12578. Ak Abdul Malek Bin Pg Bidin 09b1254
The research team consists of 5 respective
lecturers from Geography and development
and Environmental Studies Programme,
University Brunei Darusalam :
1. DK Noor Hasharina Bte Pg Hj Hassan (Mentor)
2. Gabriel Yong (coordinator)
3. Izni Azrein Noor Azalie
4. Khairunnisa Ibrahim
5. Dr. Hjh Hairuni Hj Ali Maricar
OUTLINE
Introduction
Methodology
Results
Other Primary Data
Recommendations and conclusion
INTRODUCTION What the project is all about and why it is
important?
It is focusing in vertical living in Brunei Darussalam
along with practicing sustainable consumption.
It is also view on how we can sustain the energy and to
preserve it for the future generation’s use.
Increasing sustainable consumption as well as help
promote Bandar Seri Begawan to become a more
sustainable city.
Sustainable consumption – green house building.
Why green house building?
1. To save energy and resources, recycle materials
and minimize the emission of toxic substances
throughout its life cycle.
2. Harmonize with the local climate, traditions,
culture and the surrounding environment
3. To sustain and improve the quality of human life
whilst maintaining the capacity of the ecosystem
at local and global levels.
4. Make efficient use of resources have significant
operational savings and increases workplace
productivity.
5. Sends the right message about a company or
organization- well run, responsible and
committed to the future.
Why it is important?
To examine the trend and Brunei demand for
the type of housing they want and propose a
site for vertical housing projects that are
essential to the development of the property
OBJECTIVES
To identify a typology of consumption in Brunei society and their characteristics
To examine the views/perceptions and misunderstandings in relation to sustainable consumption among community samples of Brunei society.
To respond the question of whether people of Brunei are ready for sustainable consumption based on data analysis.
AIMS & HYPOTHESIS
To argue that the perceptive and approval of the Bruneian’s lifestyle, social and cultural proxemics are really important for urban planners to consider.
Hypothesis – Bruneian agree with vertical housing in
the future as their housing scheme only if the requirements of the cultural space in high rise buildings are fulfilled
WHEN WE STARTED AND UNTIL WHEN?
This project took about 2 months,
which started from September to
November to complete and the
research schedule includes:
TIME ACTIVITIES
a week before Divided tasks to contact the architects of Brunei
September 24th ,2011
September 28th, 2011
Went to meet architect Berjaya.
1st conference with supervisor (for half an hour )
October 1st, 20111st Meeting with the architects Mr Wong (1 hour) and Mr
Halimuddin (10-15 minutes)
October 3rd, 20112nd Meeting with architects Wong (15-30minutes) and went to Kg
Manggis but to no avail
October 5th, 2011
Meeting with Dr Rina with regards to our findings
(approximately 15-30 minutes) and then we discussed among
ourselves about the architects.
October 6th, 2011 Survey questionnaires is released via email (English Version)
October 8th, 2011 Survey questionnaires is released in (Malay Version)
October 13th, 2011 Distribute questionnaires to the Mall (2 hours )
October 15th, 2011 Meeting with Sir Gabriel, Dr Hairuni, Dr Hasharina, Dr
Khairunnisa with regards to the Project's result (1 hour)
October 24th, 2011Met Dr Rina and Gabriel & then off to Beribi Flat area and
rural areas.
Distributed the questionnaires to public at The Mall Gadong
Went to Tutong areas Kpg Bang Dalam
October 26th, 2011 Distribute questionnaires to remote / rural areas in Tutong
October 27th, 2011
Consult supervisor at 12 (less than an hour) and then and then
Sir Gabriel taught 3 of the group members how to key the result
data into the excel. We divided task about our findings and do
the skeleton to e-mail them to Dr Rina.
November 12th, 2011 – 20th
Data analysis done and start to writing up report
METHODOLOGY
HAFIDZ
METHODOLOGY
1) ARCHITECTS - By Telephone - Went to their offices - Direct Meeting without an appointment
2) ONLINE SURVEY3) Distributing questionnaire to
public. (fieldwork)
1) ARCHITECT On 15th Sept, 2011, we started to call them (referred
from yellow pages) Approaching directly to their offices.
-> 1st Attempt was on the 25th Sept (Arkitek Ibrahim & berjaya,)
-> 2nd Attempt was on the 29th Sept,
-> 3rd Attempt was On the 1st Oct,2011 we received immediate respond & meeting with:
a) Rekarya (Gadong)
b) Berjaya (Tungku link)
1st MEETING (1st Oct)
2ND MEETING (3rd Oct)
Advantages: By making a call, we know which architects have
this kind of project (green house and building) By approaching the architects, we manage to
get direct information regarding green living.
Disadvantages: Unreliable information (telephone) Some of the companies promised to give a call
and email for appointment - no response.
How we solved?We decided to go and see them directly to their
offices.
2) ONLINE SURVEY
Conducting questionnaire via survey monkey (internet).
First, in English version. (6-10-2011)
Then, In Malay version. (8-10-2011)
ADVANTAGES: Convenient for the respondent to
answer the survey (email and link given) – (time)
Data from respondents are automatically recorded into the system
DISADVANTAGES: Not all respondents have internet
access It is difficult to know whether the
respondents understand with the questions given.
3) FIELDWORK
One of our ways to increase the respondent, we made 200 copies of the Malay questionnaires. (easy to print)
Target Places in distributing questionnaires:- MALL- RURAL AREAS- FLAT RESIDENCE
VENUE:
MALL (Why???) - Distributing questionnaires especially
to low income people. - We believe that they are a kind of
people who hope for government house schemes.
Most of them are cashiers, sales assistants and cleaners (local)
Fieldwork at Mall Gadong13-10-1112-2 pm
Rural Areas : 1) Bukit Bang Dalam, Tutong On 24-10-11 at 3- 5pm
RURAL AREAS
Tutong Area: Tanjung Maya, Lamunin, Layong: 26/10/2011, 6-9pm
FLAT RESIDENCE1) BERIBI AREAS: 24/10/2011, 10-12PM
2) FLAT IN TUTONG TOWN (MOH FLAT)PICTURE~ 26/10/2011, 5-6PM.
The advantages and the disadvantages in our
fieldwork: In distributing the questionnaire, we
managed to get direct response from the people
Received an opinions & recommendations about vertical housing
Time consuming (because we have to go and see them)
Some respondents reluctant to answer the questionnaire.
RESULTSLIYANA & ADIB
Results From Phone Call (Architects)
Arkitek Ibrahim - Available
Arkitek Aziz - Available
Arkitek Berjaya - Available
Arkitek opfis – Available
Arkitek idris – Available
Arkitek Rekajaya – Available
Arkitek Berjaya - Available
OWMP INTERNATIONAL- Available
PDO CHARTERED ARCHITECTS-AVAILABLE
Suria YTF - In process
Arkitek alamreka - Design for the government buildings only
Arkitek haza,- Design for Government especially mosques
Arkitek Ghani – Outstation
SERI SEZAMAN- No respond
“KANA TUTUPI TELEPON BUIIII.... HAHAHA”
Rekarya- Not Available
Gemilang Latif – Architect on leave, recommended to send an email but no response
Asareka akitek - Recommended to send an email but no response
Category Description
Newly Employed Cosmopolite strongly influenced by globalization; wide range of habitat
preferences; quality of life, connectivity important, aware of sustainability
issues.
Mid-High Income
Professional
Eco-modern and educated; preference for innovative design and use of
technology to improve quality of life, protect environment, and support family
and harmony with neighbours.
Low-Middle Income
Employee
Supporting skilled/semi-skilled workers; functional spaces and cultural
traditions important.
Low Income
Employee
Supporting semi-skilled/unskilled workers; functional design; cultural practices
important.
Self-Employed Business owners, entrepreneurs, free-lance specialists; wide exposure to
global forces and hence, products and services, style and designs in the
market; wide range of space needs.
Retiring Age 50’s; with or without savings; functional; modern technology (not ICT);
concern about the environment.
Retired Age 60’s; with or without savings; culture important; basic functional spaces.
About to Enter
Workforce
Cosmopolites; generally lack sense of reality; provide glimpse into wish lists of
dream homes31
Categories of prospective vertical housing owners
CULTURAL ARCHITECTURE TYPOLOGY (FOR BRUNEI)
32
MODERNISATIONMODERNISATION
TRADITIONAL
INDEPENDENT AND PRIVACY
SYMBOLICAL
FUNCTIONAL
COMMUNITY AND COMMUNAL SPACES
Traditional Malay
Low-rural income
Migrant
Professionals
Cosmopolites
Students
Newly-employed
Retired/ retiring with good savings
Retired/ retiring with less savings
Migrant
Self-employed
(high income)
Self-employed
(least income)
TECHNOLOGICAL
NATURAL
SURVEY
33
The Survey Result will focus on the building preferences :
(=(b) = (c))
Survey questionnaire:
BUILDING PREFERENCES
Types of high rise low-cost, open, nature, green, smart, condo, flats
Priority spaces & features shower, bath-tub, toilet master, toilet room, living room, dining room, wet/dry kitchen, kitchen, bed rooms, master bedroom, garden, store, parking, work room, study, recreation, spa
Design priorities (vertical homes
conveniences, recreation facility, energy efficient, effective management, common spaces, community, friendly, same religion, same culture, practise culture, security, clean environment, good view
6. SURVEY DATA
Community Overall Percentage Division
Newly employed 14.9% 82.6% young adults
17.4% matured
Professionals 19.4% 51.7% matured
43.3% young
Low-medium income employees
14.6% young (40.0%),
matured (48.9%)
Low income employees 10.4% 62.5% young,
25.0% matured
12.5% retiring
• Self-employed• Retiring• Retired
2.3%
1.9%
2.9%
About to enter workforce” (mainly students
32.7%
• Urbanites
• Rural
• Did not indicate (difficult to decide what is
urban/ rural in Brunei)
31.2%
12.9%
60%
34
SURVEY RESULTS: HIGH RISE DESIGNSTYPOLOGY – MID-HIGH INCOME PROFESSIONALS / ECOMODERNIST
35
Expected: preference for green tech & designs, nature, open concept, modern amenities
Data shows that while this is generally true, preference is more moderate than strong
Dislike standard flat designs and low cost high rise
SURVEY RESULTS: PRIORITY SPACES & FEATURESTYPOLOGY – MID-HIGH INCOME PROFESSIONALS / ECOMODERNIST
36
Expected: Consumption pattern influence by global trends for quality living.
Data shows:• Master bedroom
with en suite toilet, kitchen, living room to be high priority spaces
• Large baths with bath-tub, en suite toilets for individual rooms not a priority
SURVEY RESULTS: PRIORITY SPACES & FEATURESTYPOLOGY – MID-HIGH INCOME PROFESSIONALS / ECOMODERNIST
37
Expected: Consumption pattern influence by global trends for quality living.
Data shows:• Parking & storage
spaces important• Spa & recreation
spaces not a priority (not as expected)
• A quarter indicated garden, work room or study to be low priority
• (not expected)
SURVEY RESULTS: DESIGN PRIORITIESTYPOLOGY – MID-HIGH INCOME PROFESSIONALS / ECOMODERNIST
38
Expected: Design priorities should follow global trends for quality living & environmental concerns
Data shows:• Health, safety, effective
management & energy efficiency to be very important
• Living with people of same religion not so important for half respondent; important to the other half (important to note)
SURVEY RESULTS: HIGH RISE DESIGNSTYPOLOGY – LOW-INCOME EMPLOYEE / FUNCTIONAL/ LOCALISED/ LOW TECH?
39
Expected: influenced mainly by functional designs and local situations
Data shows (as expected):• Higher preferences for
low-cost, modern condo and open concept design
• More than 60%, they dislike or weakly like flats & smart buildings
• 20-30% have low preference for green, smart, modern or open concept buildings
SURVEY RESULTS: PRIORITY SPACES & FEATURESTYPOLOGY – LOW-INCOME EMPLOYEE / FUNCTIONAL/ LOCALISED/ LOW TECH?
40
Expected: influenced mainly by functional designs and local situations
Data shows (as expected):• Master bedrooms very
important to >80%, • Individual bedrooms
priority is moderate to high priority
• Kitchen most important• Other high priority: living
& dining room• Interesting, more prefer
large bath rooms with tubs to functional showers (unexpected)
SURVEY RESULTS: PRIORITY SPACES & FEATURESTYPOLOGY – LOW-INCOME EMPLOYEE / FUNCTIONAL/ LOCALISED/ LOW TECH?
41
Expected: influenced mainly by functional designs and local situations
Data shows:• Parking spaces, store,
work room & study important spaces
• Garden – most quite important
• 40%, place low priorities/ not important in Recreation & spa
• 60%, shows moderate priority in recreation & spa (unexpected)
SURVEY RESULTS: DESIGN PRIORITIESTYPOLOGY – LOW-INCOME EMPLOYEE / FUNCTIONAL/ LOCALISED/ LOW TECH?
42
Expected: influenced mainly by functional designs and local situations
Data shows (as expected):• Security & clean envt
important to all• Common spaces to
practice culture, building community with friendly neighbours quite high priority
• 40% said same religion/ culture & conveniences not so important
• However, 60% of the respondents said that they are quite important about this (to be noted)
SURVEY RESULTS: HIGH RISE DESIGNSTYPOLOGY –URBAN VS RURAL
43
• Most of the respondents from urban &rural dislike for flat and low cost blocks
• Urbanites show slight preference for green building (tech) than buildings integrated with nature;
• In contrast, rural is the opposite
SURVEY RESULTS: PRIORITY SPACES & FEATURESTYPOLOGY – URBAN VS RURAL
44
• More urbanites gave low priority to large baths with bath-tubs than rural
• More rural than urban gave low priority to functional baths with shower
• Master bedroom with toilet (En suite) more important to urbanites
SURVEY RESULTS: PRIORITY SPACES & FEATURESTYPOLOGY –URBAN VS RURAL
45
• Work room and study less important to rural than urban respondents
• Recreation spaces low priority for rural more so than urban• While for rural group they likely to have for spas than
recreation spaces
SURVEY RESULTS: DESIGN PRIORITIESTYPOLOGY – BRUNEIAN URBANITIES & RURAL GROUP
46
• Rural group places greater priority on energy efficiency than urbanites
• Common spaces also more important for rural group• Both place high priority on ability to practice culture, form
community with friend or neighbours• More rural than urban said religion not important ; but also great
proportion said it’s very important to live with people of same religion
OTHER PRIMARY DATAAMALUL & KHAIRAH
WHAT ARE THE PRINCIPLES OF GREEN BUILDINGS/HOMES?
Siting
Siting and orientation based on micro- and macro- climatic conditions to maximize energy efficiency
Design and construction that involves the least possible disruption to the site.
Arrangement in randomly could ensures that wind velocity in the building in the latter path is not being distracted.
POSITIONING THE HOME
Source: Mr Wong (Fieldwork 2011)
Energy Efficiency
Install high-efficiency lighting systems with advanced lighting controls. Include motion sensors tied to dimmable lighting controls.
Minimizing the size of windows from sun direction side – to control the amount of hot sun entering your house.
Materials Efficiency
Select sustainable construction materials and products by evaluating several characteristics such as reused and recycled content.
Design with adequate space to facilitate recycling collection
Water Efficiency
Collect rainwater and store in large tanks.
1. To use for irrigate gardens/landscaping.2. For toilet flushing or a gray water
system
Use for recirculation systems for centralised hot water distribution
FIGURE 4: THE DIAGRAM SHOWING HOW WATER HARVESTING WORKS.
SOURCE: FIELDWORK 2011 , PRIMARY DATA (MR WONG)
ARCHITECT HALIMUDDIN (PRIMARY DATA)
Brunei is very green already. Green concept is only available to developed countries
Such design, reliable but not suitable to our culture in Brunei.
We are considered as green-culture. We are not living city life just like in Singapore. Our culture is environment. We do not need much.
In terms of saving energy. He suggested the as same as Mr Wong does. Such as the material and electronic.
We use Singapore Standard, For example in terms of collecting water for recycle.
Use landfill in order to extend land in case of lacking space.
Vertical House ; planning is still the same. For example in terms of siting and orientation of the building.
RECOMMENDATION & CONCLUSION
SYAHIR & MALEK
RECOMMENDATION Our recommendation for this project Continue the projectHow? Get more survey is better Need to cover all district Get more people to carry on this projectImprove more on: Exposure on this project through media Awareness society Education
Provide transportation Observe the demands of Bruneian in
order to approach their needs. Convince the architect to cooperate Improve the questionnaire Focused more on experience people
who live in flats Improve the skill to approach people
CONCLUSION
Most of people prefer for kitchen, living room, dining room, master bedroom and parking space.
Not all of the architects were helpful. Most of the Bruneian do not really need
green concept for their housing design. Overall, we agree to implement and put
into practice the vertical housing scheme in our country