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Vernacular architecture is a term used to categorize methods of construction which use
locally available resources to address local needs. Vernacular architecture tends to
evolve over time to reflect the environmental, cultural and historical context in which it
exists. It has often been dismissed as crude and unrefined, but also has proponents who
highlight its importance in current design.It is architecture which is indigenous to a
specific time or place (not imported or copied from elsewhere). It is most often used to apply
to residential buildings
TODA HUT
IGLOO
AMAZON BARRACKS
LOG CABIN
CABINS ON STILTS
STREET OF TERRACED HOUSING
ARGENTINA-LOG CABIN
NEPAL STONE AND CLAY HOUSE
PLANTATION COTTAGE-SUGARCANE PLANTATION, HAWAII
In contrast to planned architecture by architects, the building knowledge in vernacular
architecture is often transported by local traditions and is thus more - but not only -
based on knowledge achieved by trial and error and often handed down through the generations
rather than calculated on knowledge of geometry and physics. This of course does not
exclude architects from using vernacular architecture in their designs or being firmly
based in their regional vernacular architecture.
An early work in the defense of vernacular was Bernard Rudofsky's 1964 book Architecture Without Architects: a short introduction to non-pedigreed architecture, based
on his MoMA exhibition. The book was a reminder of the legitimacy and "hard-won knowledge" inherent in
vernacular buildings, from Polish salt-caves to gigantic Syrian water wheels to Moroccan desert fortresses, and was considered iconoclastic at the time. Rudofsky was,
however, very much a Romantic who viewed native populations in a historical bubble of contentment.
Rudofsky's book was also based largely on photographs and not on on-site study.
A more serious work is the Encyclopedia of Vernacular Architecture of the World published in 1997 by Paul
Oliver of the Oxford Institute for Sustainable Development. Oliver has argued that vernacular
architecture, given the insights it gives into issue of environmental adaptation, will be necessary in the future
to "ensure sustainability in both cultural and economic terms beyond the short term." Christopher Alexander, in
his book A Pattern Language, attempted to identify adaptive features of traditional architecture that apply across cultures. Howard Davis's book The Culture of
Building details the culture that enabled several vernacular traditions.
• Robert venturi- Las vegas -commercial vernacular
• Industrial vernacular-shops, garages, factories.• A lot of social aspects linked to this type of
architecture• An architect whose work that exemplifies the
modern take on vernacular architecture would be Samuel Mockbee, whose pioneering work with Rural Studio is well-regarded and widely discussed amongst practicing architects and academics alike.
INDIAN VERNACULAR
Reflects the rich diversity of India's climate, locally available building materials, and the
intricate variations in local social customs and craftsmanship
Despite the diversity, this architecture can be broadly divided into three categories.
• Kuchcha
• Semi Pukka
• Pukka
Hilly area
South indian temple
Ahmedabad streets
Darjeeling-hilltop
Calcutta slum
Agumbe malgudi town
Old house
West Bengal village
Tamil nadu