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ESSENTIAL NATURAL SCIENCE 2Unit 7
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Energy from the Sun
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ESSENTIAL NATURAL SCIENCE 2Unit 7
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The Sun’s energy
SourceEffects
Local atmospheric phenomena
ThermalsStormsSea breezesValley breezesThermal inversions
Meteorology
WindsCloudsPrecipitation
Uses of solar energy
Producing heatProducing electricity
Risks of solar radiation
Damage to the ozonosphereThe greenhouse effect and global warming
ENERGY FROM THE SUN
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Source of the Sun’s energy
Effects of the Sun’s energy
Thermals Storms Sea breezes
Valley breezes Thermal inversions
Winds Clouds Precipitation
Producing heat Producing electricity with solar energy
Damage to the ozonosphere
The greenhouse effect and global warming
Links
Solar energy
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Nuclear reactions take place in the Sun’s core.
Source of the Sun’s energy
Energy is emitted in all directions.
The enormous amount of energy emitted by the Sun iscreated by nuclear reactions.
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Effects of the Sun’s energy
Click on the numbers to see some effects.
4
1
2
3
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Effects of the Sun’s energy
Around the Equator, the Sun’s rays are almost perpendicular to the ground. This direct sunlight makes the air and the ocean water warm.
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Effects of the Sun’s energy
At the poles, the Sun’s rays are oblique. They do not warm up the ground and water here.
North Pole
South Pole
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Effects of the Sun’s energy
Air currents: • Warm air from the Equator moves towards the poles. • Cold air from the poles moves towards the Equator.
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Effects of the Sun’s energy
Ocean currents: • Warm water from the Equator moves towards the poles.• Cold water from the poles moves towards the Equator.
GULF STREAM
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Thermals
cold airhot air
cumulus cloud
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Storms
Big difference in temperature
cumulonimbus
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Sea breezes
Day Night
The hot air over the land rises, so cooler air is pulled in from the sea.
The warmer air over the sea rises, so cooler air is pulled in from the land.
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Valley breezes
warm airValley breezes blow through the valley and its slopes.
Day
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Thermal inversions
warmer air
cooler air
smog
(smoke + fog)
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Winds
L
HH = high pressure areas (anticyclones)L = low pressure areas (depressions)
= wind direction
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Clouds
L
Air rises in low pressures areas, cools and forms clouds.
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Precipitation
rain snow hail
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Producing heat with solar energy
heating coils
Solar water heater
tank
hot water out
cold water in
collector (solar panel)
glass cover
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Producing electricity with solar energy
photovoltaic panels
solar cell or photovoltaic cell
sunlight
electricity
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Damage to the ozonosophere
Ozonosphere
OZONE (O3)
Harmful UV light is absorbed by ozone.
CFCs destroy the ozone.
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The greenhouse effect and global warming
During the day, the Sun heats the Earth’s surface. Heat is retained.
The atmosphere, allows part of the heat to escape and retains the other part.
More heat is retained because of the increase in greenhouse gases.
Without an atmosphere, the heat would escape. The Earth would be extremely cold.
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Links
The greenhouse effecthttp://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/energy/site/EIZInfogr9.asp
Animation of land and sea breezeshttp://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es1903/es1903page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization
Measuring and mapping the weatherhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/weather/mappingmeasuringrev1.shtml
The Sun and global warminghttp://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/21c/radiation/energyfromthesunrev1.shtml
Solar energyhttp://www.energyquest.ca.gov/story/chapter15.html
Global climate changehttp://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/sci_tech/2000/climate_change/default.stm
Guide to climate changehttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/sci_nat/04/climate_change/html/greenhouse.stm
