TRIZ WORKBOOK 2012

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THEORY OF INVENTIVE PROBLEM SOLVING - TRIZ

Practitioner’s Work Book

Crafitti Consulting Crafting Innovation Together

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IS YOUR PROBLEM INVENTIVE?

August 28, 2012 2 © Crafitti Consulting Private Ltd.

Inventive Thinking – YOU ARE STUCK!!

? • No known means for solution

• High psychological inertia

• Contains one or more contradictions

A contradiction is a situation where an attempt

to improve one feature of the system leads to

the degradation of another feature.

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IDEAS

IDEAS are those thoughts that bring in the genesis of change – many times fundamental. These are thoughts that one doesn’t get in regular run-of-the-mill thinking.

IDEAS can happen serendipitously in human mind. They can happen at any time. They can be fleeting glimpses of problem solutions, can be dreams of possible new opportunities, can be new design structures or simply new experiences.

IDEAS doesn’t happen just like that. They come to prepared minds. Only prepared minds can transform these thoughts into change. It requires an ability to generate and execute at the same time.

IDEAS need to be crafted through orchestrated immersion. Contrary to popular belief of organization having lots of ideas and it is all about execution, our experiences show ideas need to be crafted through orchestrated immersion of minds that work inside and with the enterprises.

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IDEAS - Sources

IDEAS need to be crafted through orchestrated immersion. Contrary to popular belief of organization having lots of ideas and it is all about execution, our experiences show ideas need to be crafted through orchestrated immersion of minds that work inside and with the enterprises.

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Imagination

IDEAS Problems/Crisis

Existing Solutions/ Patents

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• SEARCHING FOR A SOLUTION OR IMAGINING NEW

– Human thoughts move from

• Facts (F) that describe/image the initial problem/system

• To determine something Special (S) about F

– Thoughts move in a specific direction (Alpha) until they encounter a Psychological Barrier (B) – Either necessary knowledge or the necessary psychological state is not there

August 28, 2012 © Crafitt

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MODEL OF IDEA GERMINATION

*B.M. Kedrov: Theory of Scientific Inventions, 1969

F Alpha

S B ?

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– Thoughts move in a specific direction (Alpha) until they encounter a Psychological Barrier (B) – Either necessary knowledge or the necessary psychological state is not there


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MODEL OF IDEA GERMINATION

F Alpha

S B ?

F Alpha

S B IDEA

– A NEW PATH is needed to Jump the Barrier B, a Gamma Path

GAMMA

Gamma Paths – NON Obvious Ideas

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HOW TO GET NON-OBVIOUS IDEAS

1. Perseverance, Patience, Burning your hands

– sometimes burning yourself as well

1. Systematically search for ways of

overcoming barriers – by getting relevant

knowledge and getting the mind to relevant

psychological state

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SYSTEM AND FUNCTION

• When we talk about defining a System - from fundamental principles point of view –

– set of elements working together to achieve an objective or perform a function.


– set of elements (Energy-matter organized in space-time) working together (exchanging energy and information) to achieve an objective or perform a function (Create Change - in Matter, Energy and Information in Spacetime).

• When the system is achieved by thought and consciousness we make systems artificial – A TECHNICAL SYSTEM

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What is a Technical System?

Anything that performs a function is a Technical System

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Model of a Function

Tool Object

function

Formulation of Functions Correct (If not, Correct it)

Fan cools the Body

Lens magnifies the Object

Hot air dries hair

Incandescent bulb illuminates the room

Air Conditioner improves our comfort

Lightning Rod attracts lightning

Microwave Oven cooks Food

A function is an intended direct (physical) action of the tool on the object

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Problem, Invention, Patent?

INVENTION MEANS SUCCESSFUL TECHNICAL SOLUTION TO A PROBLEM.

SECTION 2(1)j of Patent Act

“Invention” means any

(i) New product of process

(ii) Involving an inventive step

(iii) Capable of industrial application


WHAT IS A PATENT?

Patent is an exclusive right

granted by the Government

To the Applicant

for an INVENTION

for a limited period of time

In lieu of Disclosure of his invention.

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Analyzing a Patent – The TRIZ Way

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APPLE Filed this patent in 2005

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Question: Can you Understand what the patent abstract says?

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© Crafitt

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Question: Can you

Understand what the patent abstract says?

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1. Unintentional activation of functions due to unintentional touch

2. Locking and Unlocking – mechanism implemented

3. Problems with locking/unlocking – ease of use of the device in general is a problem

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In TRIZ parlance .. .It starts with a contradiction

We try to improve one system parameter but some other parameter

gets affected

What is an Inventive Problem?

Our Traditional

Method to resolve such

problems is to

Optimize – a

Compromise!!!

TRIZ

Eliminate the

contradiction or

resolve the

contradiction

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• When we tried to improve/eliminate “Unintentional activation of functions due to unintentional touch”

• By “Locking and Unlocking –

mechanism”

• “ease of use of the device in general became a problem”

Problem Described in the Patent …

1. Unintentional activation of functions due to unintentional touch

2. Locking and Unlocking – mechanism implemented

3. Problems with locking/unlocking – ease of use of the device in general is a problem

Inventive Problem

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Can you Map to the problem to the parameters?

• When we tried to improve/eliminate “Unintentional activation of functions due to unintentional touch”

• By “Locking and Unlocking – mechanism”

• “ease of use of the device in general became a

problem”

What system parameter(s) you are trying to improve?

What system parameter(s) degrade?

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Elements and Principles in the TRIZ Contradiction Matrix

Parameter that gets worse

Recommended principles

Parameter to

improve

TRIZ - Contradiction Matrix Elements

1. Weight of moving object

2. Weight of stationary object

3. Length of moving object

4. Length of stationary object

5. Area of moving object

6. Area of stationary object

7. Volume of moving object

8. Volume of stationary object

9. Speed

10. Force

11. Tension, pressure

12. Shape

13. Stability of object

27. Reliability

28. Accuracy of measurement

29. Accuracy of manufacturing

30. Object affected harmful effects

31. Object generated side effects

32. Manufacturability

33. Convenience of use

34. Repairability

35. Adaptability

36. Complexity of device

37. Complexity of control

38. Level of automation

39. Productivity

14. Strength

15. Duration of action - moving object

16. Duration of action - stationary object

17. Temperature

18. Brightness

19. Use of energy by moving object

20. Use of energy by stationary object

21. Power

22. Waste of energy

23. Waste of substance

24. Loss of information

25. Waste of time

26. Amount of substance

1. Segmentation

2. Extraction

3. Local Quality

4. Asymmetry

5. Combination

6. Universality

7. ‘Nested Doll’

8. Counterweight

9. Prior Counter-Action

10. Prior Action

11. Prior Cushioning

12. Equi-potentiality

13. ‘The Other Way Round’

14. Spheroidality

15. Dynamics

16. Partial or Excessive Action

17. Another Dimension

18. Mechanical Vibration

19. Periodic Action

20. Continuity of Useful Action

21. Skipping

22. ‘Blessing in Disguise’

23. Feedback

24. Intermediary

25. Self-Service

26. Copying

27. Cheap/Short Living

28. Mechanics Substitution

29. Pneumatics and Hydraulics

30. Flexible Shells/Thin Films

31. Porous Materials

32. Colour Changes

33. Homogeneity

34. Discarding and Recovering

35. Parameter Changes

36. Phase Transitions

37. Thermal Expansion

38. Strong Oxidants

39. Inert Atmosphere

40. Composite Materials

40 P

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World has solved

• 39 x 39 = 1521 – 39 = 1482 Technical Contradictions

Using 40 Inventive Principles

• 39 Physical Contradictions – Using Separation Principles


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Principle 27. Cheap short-living objects

A. Replace an expensive object with a multiple of inexpensive

objects, comprising certain qualities (such as service life, for

instance). Use disposable paper objects to avoid the cost of cleaning and storing durable objects.

Plastic cups in motels, disposable diapers, many kinds of medical supplies.

Write YOUR Ideas

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Principle 17. Another dimension A. To move an object in two- or three-dimensional space.

Infrared computer mouse moves in space, instead of on a surface, for

presentations.

B. Use a multi-story arrangement of objects instead of a single-story

arrangement.

Cassette with 6 CD's to increase music time and variety

Electronic chips on both sides of a printed circuit board

C. Tilt or re-orient the object, lay it on its side.

Dump truck

D. Use 'another side' of a given area.

Stack microelectronic hybrid circuits to improve density.

Write YOUR Ideas

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Principle 40. Composite materials

A. Change from uniform to composite (multiple) materials.

Composite epoxy resin/carbon fiber golf club shafts are

lighter, stronger, and more flexible than metal. Same for

airplane parts.

Fiberglass surfboards are lighter and more controllable and

easier to form into a variety of shapes than wooden ones.

Write YOUR Ideas

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Contradictions


Weight of moving object Stress or pressure Power Object-generated harmful factors

Weight of stationary object Shape Loss of Energy Ease of manufacture

Length of moving object Stability of the object's composition Loss of substance Ease of operation

Length of stationary object Strength Loss of Information Ease of repair

Area of moving object Duration of action of moving object Loss of Time Adaptability or versatility

Area of stationary object Duration of action by stationary object Quantity of substance/the matter Device complexity

Volume of moving object Temperature Reliability Difficulty of detecting and measuring

Volume of stationary object Illumination intensity Measurement accuracy Extent of automation

Speed Use of energy by moving object Manufacturing precision Productivity

Force (Intensity) Use of energy by stationary object Object-affected harmful factors

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WHAT IS THE REAL PROBLEM (Now)


30 words problem

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Understand System in Time and Space


SUPER-

SYSTEM

SYSTEM

SUB-SYSTEM

PAST

PRESENT

FUTURE

Nine Windows (or the System Operator Tool) helps you sketch or place your problem in a broader space time context. Solutions to problems are often found in the areas adjoining the system in question.

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Why-What Prevents?


The Core Problem

Why do you want to solve this problem?

What prevents me from solving this problem?

Broader Core Problem

Deeper Core Problem

Why?

What prevents?

Why?

What prevents?

Other problems

Other problems

The Why-What Prevents Hierarchy is a rigorous way of logically reasoning out the problem into breadth and depth. It is a precursor to in-depth functional analysis.

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The System Function Map


Sore Point

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Ideal Final Result

Now

Point of End of Feasibility

What would be the ideal final result?


Ideality Quotient = Benefits (Cost + Harmful Effects)

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Collect


Problems

System

Contradictions

Sub System

Contradictions

Super System

Contradictions

IDEALITY Functions - Harmful

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Searching for novel solutions


Inventive Thinking

!

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Inventive Principles - TRIZ

1. Segmentation

2. Taking Out

3. Local Quality

4. Asymmetry

5. Merging

6. Universality

7. Nested Doll

8. Anti-weight

9. Preliminary anti-action

10. Beforehand Cushioning

11. Equipotentiality

12. The other way round

13. Spheroidality

14. Dynamics

15. Partial or Excessive Actions

16. Another dimension

17. Mechanical Vibration

18. Periodic Action

19. Continuity of useful action


20. Skipping 21. Blessing in disguise 22. Feedback 23. Intermediary 24. Self-service 25. Copying 26. Cheap short-living

objects 27. Mechanics

substitution 28. Pneumatics and

hydraulics 29. Flexible shells and

thin films 30. Porous materials 31. Colour changes 32. Homogeneity 33. Discarding and

recovering 34. Parameter changes 35. Phase transitions 36. Thermal Expansion 37. Strong Oxidants 38. Inert atmosphere 39. Composite Materials

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Ideal Final Result

Now

Ideas beyond the point of feasibility

The ideal final result?


Ideality Quotient = Benefits (Cost + Harmful Effects)

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The System Function Map


Sore Point

1. Trimming – Eliminate harmful interaction

– Eliminate incomplete interaction

– Eliminate a field

– Eliminate a substance

2. Add – New substance

– New Field

3. Modify

– Substance

– Field

– Incomplete interaction

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TRIZ Busted 4 Key Myths in 1985 – However since TRIZ came out recently – the Myths continue


• Problems and Solutions are same in different industries (Myth: My field is Unique )

• Evolution paths for all technical systems can be deciphered (Myth: Evolution is Completely Random)

• Strong Inventions in a domain used outside ideas (Myth: Innovation happens through Deeper Knowledge)

• Strong Inventions uncover and eliminate conflicts (Myth: Optimization is the Focus)

(a) Look out for problems and solutions across domains – if you search only in your field and domain – you will continue to be repeating the same!

How to Invent?

(b) Orchestrate Technological Evolution - using known laws of system evolution

(c) Apply Knowledge from other fields by focusing on key functions that system needs to deliver

(d) Identify System Conflicts and provide outside knowledge to domain experts to invent solutions beyond optimization

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MAPPING YOUR SYSTEM TO LINES OF EVOLUTION


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PROPOSING a NEW LAW

Very clearly visible in the software based Era of technical systems that we

are in!

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Law of Increasing Intelligence of Technical Systems

DUMB

SYSTEMS

GUIDED

SYSTEMS

SMART

SYSTEMS

BRILLIANT

SYSTEMS

GENIUS

SYSTEMS

?

Transhuman

Systems

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Technical Systems are evolving into higher and Higher intelligence


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Most of the commercial software systems are trying to move towards Brilliant systems today

• Making systems Brilliant – any/all technical system brilliant using software is the method for next 10-15 years

– Brilliant

• Refrigerator

• Television

• Vehicle

• User Interfaces to physical systems


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From 2025 Onwards – we get into the age of Genius systems

• By 2050-2060 – Transhuman systems will start emerging

• (Singularity is near ~ Ray Kurzweil)


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Law of Increasing Intelligence of Technical Systems

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TRIZ WORKBOOK

Crafitti Consulting Crafting innovation together . . .

www.crafitti.com

Navneet Bhushan ([email protected])


http://www.crafitti.com/

Business

TRIZ WORKBOOK 2012