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A new kind of Web-based application, known as Enterprise Mashups, has gained momentum in the last years: Business users with no or limited programming skills are empowered to leverage in a collaborative manner user friendly building blocks and to combine and reuse existing Web-based resources within minutes to new value added applications in order to solve an individual and ad-hoc business problem. Current discussions of the Mashup paradigm in the scientific community are limited on technical aspects. The collaboration and the peer production management aspects of the Mashup development have received less attention yet. In this paper, we propose a reference model for Enterprise Mashups which provides a foundation to develop and to analyse grassroots Enterprise Mashup environments from a managerial and collaborative perspective. By following the design science research approach, we investigate existing reference models and leverage the St. Gallen Media Reference Model (MRM). The development of Enterprise Mashups is structured by market transaction phases similar to electronic markets. The user roles, the necessary processes and the resulting services are modelled according to the views of the MRM. By means of the SAP Research RoofTop Marketplace prototype we demonstrate the application of the designed reference model for grassroots Enterprise Mashups environments.
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SYSTEMATIC THOUGHT LEADERSHIP FOR INNOVATIVE BUSINESS
Towards a Reference Modelfor Grassroots EnterpriseMashups Environments
Volker Hoyer1 2 and Katarina Stanoevska-Slabeva2
1 SAP Research CEC St. Gallen, Switzerland2 University of St. Gallen, =mcminstitute, Switzerland
Speaker: Katarina Stanoevska-Slabeva ([email protected])
Design: Reference Model
Integration of Collaborationand Community Aspects
Time and cost savings forthe design and introduction ofEnterprise Mashup Environments
Business Value for Organizations
Reference Model for Enterprise MashupsExecutive Summary
Multi-view ScientificReference Model fororganizing and struturingEnterprise Mashup Environments
Broader usage ofMashups in corporationenvironments
Application in context ofdesigning the SAP ResearchRoofTop Marketplace Prototype
© SAP 2009 / Towards a Reference Model for grassroots Enterprise Mashup Environments / Page 2
Prob
lem
Sta
tem
ent
Low automation of ad-hoc andsitutational enterprise applicationswithin the Enterprise 2.0Need for supporting end userto compose individual enterprise-class applications without anyprogramming skillsB
usin
ess
Nee
dsB
usin
ess
Nee
ds Low automation of ad-hoc andsitutational enterprise applicationswithin the Enterprise 2.0Need for supporting end userto compose individual enterprise-class applications without anyprogramming skillsB
usin
ess
Nee
ds
Growing numbers of companyinternal and external Web-basedresources based on openstandards (“Cloud Computing”)New upcoming tools to createad-hoc enterprise-classapplication without anyprogramming skillsTe
chno
logy
Tre
nds Growing numbers of company
internal and external Web-basedresources based on openstandards (“Cloud Computing”)New upcoming tools to createad-hoc enterprise-classapplication without anyprogramming skillsTe
chno
logy
Tre
nds
1. Motivation and Problem Scope2. Research Approach: Design Science applied3. Related Work and Objectives of the Solution4. Design: Reference Model for Enterprise Mashups5. Demonstration: SAP Research RoofTop Marketplace6. Conclusion and Outlook
Agenda
© SAP 2009 / Towards a Reference Model for grassroots Enterprise Mashup Environments / Page 3
Motivation“Yes we can!“ – Empowering the Non-Technical User
An Enterprise Mashup is a Web-based resource that combines existing resources,be it content, data or application functionality, from more than one resource inenterprise environments by empowering the actual end users to create and adaptindividual information centric and situational applications”
“
© SAP 2009 / Towards a Reference Model for grassroots Enterprise Mashup Environments / Page 4
Rev
enue
perC
usto
mer
/ # U
sers
per
App
licat
ion
# Applications
strategic,long-term,
stable,complex
applications
The „Long Tail“ Potential ofEnterprise Mashups
situational, ad-hoc, tactical, individual applications
New approaches/ tools aim at enabling the mass of end-users to create enterprise-levelapplications according to their individual needs
“Enterprise Mashup[s] … unleash a tremendousamount of value” (Forrester)
Top 10 Strategic Technologies for 2009 (Gartner)
$700 Million Market by 2013 (Forrester)
Missing scientific discusuion from a collaborative and community perspective
1. Motivation and Problem Scope2. Research Approach: Design Science applied3. Related Work and Objectives of the Solution4. Design: Reference Model for Enterprise Mashups5. Demonstration: SAP Research RoofTop Marketplace6. Conclusion and Outlook
Agenda
© SAP 2009 / Towards a Reference Model for grassroots Enterprise Mashup Environments / Page 5
Research ApproachDesign Science applied
© SAP 2009 / Towards a Reference Model for grassroots Enterprise Mashup Environments / Page 6
Research Methods
Preliminary study on the practical needfor a Reference Model for Enterprise Mashups environments
Obj
ectiv
es o
fth
e So
lutio
nAr
tefa
ctD
esig
nAr
tefa
ctD
emon
stra
tion
Arte
fact
Eval
uatio
nLiteratureAnalysis
ReferenceModeling
Prototyping
Iden
tific
atio
nof
the
Prob
lem
Multi-Perspective Scientific Reference Model forgrassroots Enterprise Mashup Environments
Analysis of
Application of the Reference Model in order to design and implementthe SAP Research RoofTop Marketplace prototype
Enterprise Mashup Stack and User Roles LiteratureAnalysis
Reference Modeling
St. Gallen Media Reference Model
1. Motivation and Problem Scope2. Research Approach: Design Science applied3. Related Work and Objectives of the Solution4. Design: Reference Model for Enterprise Mashups5. Demonstration: SAP Research RoofTop Marketplace6. Conclusion and Outlook
Agenda
© SAP 2009 / Towards a Reference Model for grassroots Enterprise Mashup Environments / Page 7
User Roles
Enterprise Mashups - TerminologyEnterprise Mashup Stack and User Roles
Ente
rpris
e M
ashu
p St
ack
Compostion of Widgets(Wiring) to enterprise-classapplications
Mas
hup End-Users run Mashups scenario
Consume Mashup scenarioPersonalize individual environment (e.g.,can change the background color, hidebuttons, etc.)
Key users create Mashup ScenarioAdd pre-build widgets (from thecatalogue)Connecting widgets by wiring theirin-/out- ports
Consultants create WidgetsBinding generic UIs to resources/servicesTransforming and aggregating data
Developers implement the servicesCreates and deploys services –makes resources available (e.g.,RSS Feeds, SAP EnterpriseServices)
User-friendly Building BlocksProvide graphical and simpleuser interaction mechanismAbstracting from the complexityof the underlying resources
Wid
get
Core Building Blocks of MashupsRespresent actual contents, data orapplication functionalityEncapsulated via well-definedinterfaces (APIs; WSDL, RSS/ Atom Feeds, …)R
esou
rce
© SAP 2009 / Towards a Reference Model for grassroots Enterprise Mashup Environments / Page 8
Mashup Tools and Platforms
Enterprise Mashups - TerminologyEnterprise Mashup Stack and Tools
Ente
rpris
e M
ashu
p St
ack
Compostion of Widgets(Wiring) to enterprise-classapplications
Mas
hup
User-friendly Building BlocksProvide graphical and simpleuser interaction mechanismAbstracting from the complexityof the underlying resources
Wid
get
Core Building Blocks of MashupsRespresent actual contents, data orapplication functionalityEncapsulated via well-definedinterfaces (APIs; WSDL, RSS/ Atom Feeds, …)R
esou
rce
© SAP 2009 / Towards a Reference Model for grassroots Enterprise Mashup Environments / Page 9
Reference Modeling
© SAP 2009 / Towards a Reference Model for grassroots Enterprise Mashup Environments / Page 10
Three Main Characteristics of Reference ModelsBest Practice for conducting businessUniversal applicability: Valid for a class of domainReusability: Blueprints for information systems development
Reference Models for Enterprise MashupsFirst practioner reference models of Forrester and Gartner are limited onarchitectural aspectsNo scientific multi-view reference model exists covering different aspects(community, process, and technical)
Authors identified Similarities with Electronic MarketsTrading of Web Services according to market transaction phasesDiscovery and sharing of mashable components in the center of the paradigm
1. Motivation and Problem Scope2. Research Approach: Design Science applied3. Related Work and Objectives of the Solution4. Design: Reference Model for Enterprise Mashups5. Demonstration: SAP Research RoofTop Marketplace6. Conclusion and Outlook
Agenda
© SAP 2009 / Towards a Reference Model for grassroots Enterprise Mashup Environments / Page 11
Reference Model for Enterprise MashupsOverview
CommunityViewpoint
InteractionViewpoint
ServiceViewpoint
InfrastructureViewpoint
Information FlowSimple and quick processesInteractions, Rules
Community StructureAgents: Provider, Intermediary, ConsumerSeamless integration of corporate internal and Web-based information
Generic Interaction/ Communication Services
Technical Enterprise Mashup InfrastructureAdaptation of Content (Integration into the existing IT infrastructure)Technical Standards
Phases
Views
Navigation InformationExchange
Knowledge Intention (Design)Contract(Design) Settlement
Composition Execution
MashupWidget
Resource
© SAP 2009 / Towards a Reference Model for grassroots Enterprise Mashup Environments / Page 12
Focus of this Presentation
Reference Model for Enterprise MashupsCommunity View
© SAP 2009 / Towards a Reference Model for grassroots Enterprise Mashup Environments / Page 13
Three Agent Roles well known from SOA and Electronic MarketsProvider implements and hosts a mashable component (Mashup, Widget,Resource) IT Department, External Provider, Business UsersIntermediary mediates between providers and consumers (improving navigation,transparency and governance) IT DepartmentConsumer is able to retrieve and compose Mashup components according to hisindividual needs Business Users
Reference Model for Enterprise MashupsInteraction View
© SAP 2009 / Towards a Reference Model for grassroots Enterprise Mashup Environments / Page 14
Characteristics of the Interactions between the three Agent RolesMarket transaction phasesPermament loops between the converging Design and Runtime phases
1. Motivation and Problem Scope2. Research Approach: Design Science applied3. Related Work and Objectives of the Solution4. Design: Reference Model for Enterprise Mashups5. Demonstration: SAP Research RoofTop Marketplace6. Conclusion and Outlook
Agenda
© SAP 2009 / Towards a Reference Model for grassroots Enterprise Mashup Environments / Page 15
SAP Research RoofTop Marketplace
DemonstrationSAP Research RoofTop Marketplace Prototype
Ente
rpris
e M
ashu
p St
ack
Compostion of Widgets(Wiring) to enterprise-classapplications
Mas
hup
User-friendly Building BlocksProvide graphical and simpleuser interaction mechanismAbstracting from the complexityof the underlying resources
Wid
get
Core Building Blocks of MashupsRespresent actual contents, data orapplication functionalityEncapsulated via well-definedinterfaces (APIs; WSDL, RSS/ Atom Feeds, …)
Res
ourc
e
© SAP 2009 / Towards a Reference Model for grassroots Enterprise Mashup Environments / Page 16
DemonstrationSAP Research RoofTop Marketplace Prototype
© SAP 2009 / Towards a Reference Model for grassroots Enterprise Mashup Environments / Page 17
Application of the Reference ModelStructuring the Requirements AnalysisApplying Interaction Model for covering the collaboration and peer productionperspective in grassroots Enterprise Mashup Environments
YouTube Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCXlOMFhBmM
1. Motivation and Problem Scope2. Research Approach: Design Science applied3. Related Work and Objectives of the Solution4. Design: Reference Model for Enterprise Mashups5. Demonstration: SAP Research RoofTop Marketplace6. Conclusion and Outlook
Agenda
© SAP 2009 / Towards a Reference Model for grassroots Enterprise Mashup Environments / Page 18
Conclusion and Outlook
Reference Model for structuring and organizing emerging grassrootsEnterprise Mashup Environments
Leveragering community and marketplace principles
First successful application (SAP Research RoofTop Marketplace)
Future WorkEvaluation of the designed Artefact (Missing research step)Second application (FAST Project) Iterative Search ProcessIntegration of governance aspects
© SAP 2009 / Towards a Reference Model for grassroots Enterprise Mashup Environments / Page 19
© SAP 2008 /Enterprise Mashups: Design Principles towards the Long Tail of User Needs / Page 20
Thank you!
[email protected], [email protected]
Contact/ Speaker
Katarina Stanoevska-Slabevamcm=institute, University of St. GallenBlumenbergplatz 99000 St. GallenSwitzerland
http://ww.mcm.unisg.ch